Genomic Testing; A Modern Perspective in Bull Selection for Breed Improvement

Abstract

Genomic selection; A Modern perspective in Animal breeding which has revolutionized the Dairy and Beef industry. It has enabled us to predict the genetic merit of candidate animals early and accurately by means of Genome Wide testing technologies. This review article focuses on the key advancements in genomic selection methodologies, prediction models and their positive results like genetic gain, reduction of generation intervals productivity etc. Moreover, Applications of GS in milk yield, fat and protein content and climate resilience are discussed along with its role in crossbreeding programs and conservation of genetic diversity. Genomic selection still faces some challenges. Breeders need large and diverse reference populations for accurate predictions. The cost of genotyping is high. Some researchers also talk about some collateral damage of GS on the biodiversity of the gene pool. Future work should focus on using functional variants and whole-genome sequencing. Reproductive technologies like embryo selection can also improve results. Overall, genomic selection is a strong tool to improve productivity and sustainability