Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Intrinsic Motivation Towards Happiness in Malaysia: Perspective of Malaysian Business Students in Private University
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.106.2.15015Keywords:
Happiness, extraversion, conscientiousness, intrinsic motivationAbstract
Modern society now uses happiness as one of the primary indicators of social advancement. Happiness is vital to the energetic millennial generation, especially for university students. As a result, the first goal of this study is to ascertain the relationship between extraversion and happiness. The second goal is to ascertain the relationship between conscientiousness and happiness in Malaysia. The third goal is to ascertain the relationship between intrinsic motivation and happiness. 120 business faculty students in a private institution in Malaysia who were enrolled in bachelor's degree programmes received online surveys. A "Likert-type scale" was used to determine the degree of agreement or disagreement with relation to happiness using the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS). All of the questions were created to be closed-ended for simple analysis of the feedback. The results of the study demonstrated a positive, statistically significant relationship between happiness and the three independent variables of extraversion, conscientiousness, and intrinsic motivation. This study also sheds light on providing extracurricular activities that can increase students' happiness.
References
Guazzelli, G., P. & Zilli, J., B. (2016). Economics of happiness: A study on happiness indicators in university professors. Ecoforum, 5(1), 171-181.
Courtney, A. E. (2020, October 31). What Is Happiness and Why Is It Important? Positive Psychology. Com. https://positivepsychology.com/what-is-happiness/
Pishva, N., Ghalehban, M., Moradi, A., & Hoesini, L. (2011). Personality and Happiness.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 30, 429-432.
Steptoe, A., & Wardle, J. (2011). Positive affect measured using ecological momentary assessment and survival in older men and women. Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 18244-
Gordon, S. (2021). Understanding How Conscientiousness Affects Your Behavior. Verywell Mind. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/how-conscientiousness-affects-your- behavior
Fraser, R. (2020). Do You Have Strong Agreeable Traits According to the Big 5 Theory? Verywell Family. Retrieved from https://www.verywellfamily.com/agreeable- personality-
Soto, C. J. (2018). Is happiness good for your personality? Concurrent and prospective relations of the big fve with subjective well-being. Journal of Personality, 83(1), 45–
Cherry, K. (2021). What Are the Big 5 Personality Traits? Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/the-big-five-personality-dimensions-2795422
Chung, E., Mathew, V. N., & Subramaniam, G. (2019). In The Pursuit of Happiness: The Role of Personality. International Journal of Academic in Research Business and Social Sciences, 9(11), 10–19.
Ceci, M. W., & Kumar, V. K. (2015). A Correlational Study of Creativity, Happiness, Motivation, and Stress from Creative Pursuits. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2), 609–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9615-
Kvajo, M. (2016). What we talk about when we talk about emotions. Cell, 167, 1443-1445.
Achor, S. (2019). The Happiness Advantage. United States: Crown Business
Carr, A. (2018). Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Human Strength. New York: Brunner Routledge.
Diener, E. (2019). Subjective Well-Being: The Science of Happiness and a Proposal for a National Index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34-43
Seligman, M., E., O. (2017). Authentic Happiness: Creating Happiness. Bandung: Mizan Media Utama.
Fredickson, B., L. (2018). The Role of Positive Emotions in Positive Psychology. Am psychology. 56(3), 218-226.
Cuncic, A. (2020). How Neuroticism Affects Your Behavior. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/how-neuroticism-affects-your-behavior-4782188
Aziz, R., Mustaffa, S., Samah, N. A., & Yusof, R. (2014). Personality and happiness among academicians in Malaysia. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 4209-4212.
Absher, J. R., & Cloutier, J. (2016). Neuroimaging personality, social cognition, and character. Academic Press.
Strobel, M., Tumasjan, A., & Spörrle, M. (2011). Be yourself, believe in yourself, and be happy: Self‐efficacy as a mediator between personality factors and subjective well‐being. Scandinavian Journal of
Salimi M. (2014) Association Between Happiness and Essential Five Factors in Personality. Socialworkmag. 3 (2) :41-49
Kwon, S. W. N.C. (2019, January 2). Neuroticism. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/neuroticism
Tan, C. S., Low, S. L., Viapude, G. N. (2018) Extraversion and happiness: The mediating role of social support and hope. Psychology Journal 7(3), 133-143.
Davis, J. A. (1971). Elementary survey analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice–Hall.
Ying, S. X., Mohamad Som, R., Wen, Y. K., & Ann, T. S. (2019). Self-Esteem, Motivation And Stress Levels Toward Happiness Among Adolescents: A Predictor Model. Social & Behavioural Sciences. Published. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.09.9
Sofiah O., Jain, J., & Fauziah, N. (2013). Motivation in learning and happiness among the low science achievers of a polytechnic institution: An exploratory study. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 90, 702-711 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.143
Guillen, R., M. & Kasser, T. (2015). Personal goals, socio-economic context and happiness: Studying a diverse sample in Peru. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(2), 405-425. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9515-
Waterman, A. S., Schwarts, S. J., & Conti, R. (2018). The Implications of Two Conceptions of Happiness (Hedonic Enjoyment and Eudaimonia) for the Understanding of Intrinsic Motivation. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 41-79. DOI: 10.1007/s10902-006- 9020-7
Dornyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press
Hee, O. C. (2014). Validity and reliability of the big five personality traits scale in Malaysia. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 5(4), 309.
Jayaram, V. (2013). Factors Which Contribute to Happiness. Hinduwebsite.Com. Retrieved 2021, from https://www.hinduwebsite.com/selfdevt/mental/factors-which-contribute-to- happiness.asp
Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A., Garcia, T., & Mckeachie, W. J. (1993). Reliability and predictive validity of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53(3), 801-813. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164493053003024
Michael, D. (2019). Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-Fritzsche,
Alison, D. N. R. (2020). How to be happy, according to science. CNET. https://www.cnet.com/news/howto-be-happy-according-to-science/
Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 137-155.generation-z- begins/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Muna Wadhiha Mohd Fauzi, Norashikin Hussein, Murni Zarina Mohamed Razali, Nur Aizureen binti Anwar, Norhayati Binti Omar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
