Books – Page 9 – Scholar Publishing

Influence of Afta Trade Policies Toward Malaysian Stakeholders in the Automotive Industry

Through facilitative efforts by AFTA, the Malaysian government has entered into trade agreements with other ASEAN member states. The current body of literature provides a general understanding of the effects of trade policies on developing nations, but it does not provide specifics, such as what those trade policies are or what the measurable consequences of those trade policies are in regard to a given industry or even a specific developing nation. The purpose of this study was to explore the measurable consequences of the AFTA trade liberalization policies on Malaysia’s automotive industry. A case study was conducted using the triangulation of empirical statistical data collected from secondary sources, an analysis of policy documents, and from qualitative interviews conducted with consumers, automotive industry workers, and experts in the automotive industry or in the realm of policy analysis and trade politics. The Malaysian government entered into trade agreements out of a desire to protect domestic industry, with a focus on protecting the automotive industry. While economic growth has been high for the past several decades, the automotive industry is still developing, and the country’s classification remains that of a developing nation. The two primary policies influencing the automotive industry in Malaysia are the National Automotive Policy (NAP) and the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT). A review of the results showed that consumers had the lowest level of awareness of policies influencing the automotive industry, even though they were in the stakeholder group most affected by the implementation of those policies. Synthesis of data from the analysed interviews indicated that the effects of Malaysia’s entry into AFTA on the automotive industry have been both deep and far-reaching, but that no one group is aware of all of the measurable consequences of those trade agreements, or that the trade agreements have resulted in positive changes for the country as a whole. The iv researcher identified several recommendations that, if implemented, may work to increase the beneficence of implemented policies. Through the completion of the study, the current national strategies for Malaysia were identified, the policies adopted by Malaysia were identified, and the measurable consequences of those policies within the automotive industry were discussed

Model of Strategic Management of Human Resources: Scenario Building From Human Resource Management Perspective

Model of strategic management of human resources; building a scenario from Human Resources management perspective was the outcome of this study. Organizations are increasingly looking at HRM as a unique asset that can provide them with sustained competitive advantage .The organization’s philosophy on how to manage its workforce, its policies, therefore needs to be well defined to enhance its ability to attract and retain the right calibre of employees to provide it with the required competitive advantage. Any business entity poised to make impact and to be relevant in the present-day dynamic business environment must plan strategically .Management must paint scenarios, anticipate the environment and be proactive or forward-looking, set realistic objectives and develop strategies and plans of action to achieve those objectives. The issue is not anticipating the future, but making fundamental decisions based on foresight. Organizations have been increasingly aware of the importance of understanding what is going on in their environment and among their audiences. Various methods are employed through Trade Unions, relations with employees, media monitoring, or conducting surveys. Moreover, a number of human resource scholars and professionals have maintained that practical steps and process should be put in place to discover problems in their initial stages before they affect the organizations.

Mythology and Folklore: Study Guide

Myth in itself is very much associated with religious belief. In one way or another, it relates to some actual events and is partly traditional. When we talk of a thing or an event which is traditional in nature, more often than not, we cannot be sure of its origin. This is the reason why in the study of myths, “suspension of disbelief” serves as key to a substantial understanding. If you are a wide reader of mythology and folklore topics, you would discover that myth stories have similarities in themes and characterizations. You may even get to know more about the folk’s own version of creation story or values and beliefs handed down through oral tradition and by generation. It seems that we cannot call a certain province or town “cultured” if it does not have its own collection of mythical stories.

Interatomic Interactions in the Structures of Intermetallic Compounds.: binary compounds

Interaction is a mutual action that cannot be separated from the characteristics of the objects participating in the process. Interaction is a process that is characterized by a simultaneous mutual change in the characteristics of interacting material objects (in our case, atoms). These material objects (atoms) act on each other with different intensity, obeying certain laws, and reproduce new structures with high accuracy. Chemical bonding is a consequence of interatomic interactions. Interatomic interactions are accompanied by thermal effects and changes in the volumes of interacting objects. Reproductive structures indicate the existence of constitutional characteristics of interacting objects. One of these characteristics is the weight concentrated in nucleons, and the second is the volume formed by the electron clouds around the nucleons. During chemical interactions, the mass concentrated in nucleons remains unchanged, and the resulting volume changes, decreasing (most often) or increasing. By the relative change in volume, as well as by thermal effects, one can judge the intensity of the interaction. Changes in the structure without changing the chemical composition occurs due to changes in the vibrations of structural units and the dissipation of energy contained in the original system into the environment [1]. With an increase in temperature (an increase in energy content), the structures dissipate. With a decrease in temperature (decrease in energy content), energy dissipation occurs. Having a crystalline system with large crystals of only one phase, without changing the chemical composition, methods of pressure, forging, laser treatment can bring the system into a state with crushed and even amorphous parts [2]. The result is a system with a high stored energy content and a dissipated structure. The fundamental characteristic of a simple substance is the molar volume, which is the ratio of the molar mass of a substance (M g/mole) to its density (d g/cm3 ) Vm=M/d (cm3 /mole) [3]. Even Lothar Meyer [4] presented a graphical dependence of atomic volumes on the mass of an atom, which was successfully illustrated by the periodic law of D.I. Mendeleev. Density is a complex characteristic, representing the ratio of one unchanged constitutional quantity (mass) to another constitutional quantity (volume), which changes depending on the environment by other atoms [5, 6].

BANTUCRACY: Political Theory for the New World Order

This fourth part of our study deals with the application of Bantucratique, as a political theory, to a context, namely that of the Congo. Such an application should serve as a model for other African countries which, moreover, are experiencing the same realities. From this point of view, we will start from African generalities, in order to better specify the case of the Congo as such. The ” Congolese nation ” Current maintains the illusion of a unique relationship and a commu direct nication between the E state and the citizen . This direct and interpersonal communication is, in part, a serious departure from the group’s Bantu values. The Congolese citizen, by his direct connection with the State, is not for all that better protected than in a representative system. Moreover, whether for the democratic vote or for the rise of the individual on the national level, this direct connection is obscured in favor of ethnic and family networks. The current Congolese institutional system disarticulates the traditional social organization to make way for a social disorder, a real anarchy where only two values prevail for the appropriation of power, namely the possession of a diploma or, most often, the use of armed force. The current political class has been raised, educated, empowered and maintained by Marxist regimes. A political culture has resulted. Economically, the legacy of thirty years of Marxism is heavy. Morally and culturally prevail general libertinism, easy enrichment, false makeup and empty words. In fact, in the Congo there are several traditional peoples. The current State is presented as a new structure , in competition with centuries- old structures . The respective conceptions of man, of the group and even of the power of this state are often contradictory with those of these structures. As a result, Congolese man is more than ambivalent, forced to navigate between opposing cultures.

ELT Approaches, Methods, and Blended Learning: Study Guide

This ELT Approaches, Methods, and Blended Learning Study Guide aims to exhibit some knowledge and understanding pertaining to traditional ELT approaches and methods down to their modern version alongside with blended learning. The internet or the web as well as the social media introduced many innovations that further made English language teaching more effective and up-to-date with its offline and online modes. Nevertheless, the “human touch” is still the soul of ELT having the instructor or mentor as the most prominent visual aid in learning institutions. Thus, although the machines, devices, and Internet signal are considered essentials in life, students and teachers alike must bear in mind that it is still the brain and common sense that can make language learning more interesting and enjoyable sans fake information. For this, we give much credit to our language experts past and present.

Economic Pathology; A Research into its General Principle and Clinical Cases

It is very strange that there is no trace of economic pathology in economics which regards the economy as an organism. As even a human body, an excellent organism, occasionally gets sick, the economy, an organism, also gets occasionally an economic disease. Rather the economy gets sick more often in the life cycle of the economy than that of a human body since the organic function of the former is inferior to that of the latter, needless to say the immune system. The economic pathology should have been established and advanced already as the pathology has been done for human body. Indeed, the pathology for human body is developed more than its physiology and divided several parts which also have advanced in depth and diversity. So, there is no reason that the economic pathology is neglected in economics of which theoretical system is alike that of physiology. Indeed, economics has got its birth and development affected directly by the natural science. In the late 18th century when the modern economics was established as an academic discipline, the natural science was in the limelight and its organic approach was naturally introduced into economics, which is proved by the fact that the theoretical systems of all the economic schools have been established organically, and the development of economics is closely related to that of natural science. So, this organic approach is common for all the schools such as neoclassical economics, Marxian economics, Keynesian economics, institutional economics, historical economics, behavioral economics, complex economics, and so on.

Serology of Vibrio Cholerae: Revisiting

Cholera is a diarrheal syndrome of an infectious epidemic or pandemic nature. This syndrome expressed several epidemic and pandemic spread all over the world during sixties, seventies eighties and nineties of the twentieth century. Cholera caused by V. cholerae serotypes ,the known OI and non-OI serotypes.It seems to be that there were other entero-pathogen like entero-toxigenic Escherichia coli may express such diarrheal syndrome but with neither evident epidemicity nor form water diarrhea .The syndrome has been described as water and food born.It is considered as an enterotoxin induced in which the enterotoxin induce adenyl cyclase. The denyl cyclase in turn induced fluid accumulation in the affected patients gut leading to rice water diarrhea.Infected patient need ;fluid re-susstation ,quarantine and Tetracyclin R derivative therapy.Prove of V.cholerae pathogenicity in mice or other small animal mammals was through the application of the ligated ileal loop technic. The infection induced immunity may be antitoxic, anti-bacterial and vibriocidal antibody responses. Several vaccine makes are known to date that can be of use in facing the epidemic episodes in different world countries[ Holmgren 2021,Momba and Azab EL-Liethy 2017,Sakazaki et al 1970].

The Case for Income Diversification in the Banking Sector in Zambia

This study aims to evaluate the extent to which banks in Zambia are benefiting from revenue diversification activities. Research design/methodology – The study used a quantitative research approach based on secondary data from 12 of the 18 banks in Zambia. Data analysis was buttressed by the use of several techniques such as the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to measure bank diversification, ZScore to measure bank income volatility/risk and risk adjusted returns on assets and equity to measure profitability. Findings – The study finds that, in Zambia, some banks do not enhance their profit performance by diversifying into non-interest activities. For other banks, diversification yields better profit performance in some years, but not always. The overall picture, however, is that diversification into non-interest income earning activities enhances the profit performance of banks. With respect to bank riskiness as measured by income volatility, the study finds that, in Zambia, some banks do not reduce their income volatility by diversifying into non-interest earning activities. For other banks, diversification reduces income volatility in some periods, but not others. The overall picture, however, is that the larger the bank is, the more non-interest income diversification reduces its income volatility. Limitations – Although the Central Bank provided financial data for all the 18 banks in the country, only data for 12 banks was usable. Data for six banks did not cover the whole ten-year study period and was unusable for the purposes of the study. This limited the actual sample size. Furthermore, to preserve confidentiality, the bank data provided was anonymised such that it was impossible to tell the geographical spread of the bank, the bank’s product or market strategy, or whether the bank was foreign or locally owned. This limited the scope of analysis. Recommendations – Given that in general bank profitability has declined as banks have become less diversified, the Bank of Zambia needs to closely monitor performance of banks and avoid imposing regulations that stifle bank innovation. And since diversification does not always result in enhanced bank performance, banks should consider the extent to which their business models support non-bank activities before making diversification decisions.

Selected Topics on Foreign Direct Investments (Fdis): a Focus on Tanzania

In this chapter, the author makes a discussion on the mutual impacts of foreign direct investments (FDIs) from the developed to the developing countries with a specific reference to Tanzania, his home country. He identifies several theoretical mutual FDI impacts between the FDI source countries (predominantly, developed ones) and FDI destinations, especially the developing ones. He then presents several pieces of evidence on the mutual FDI impacts in Tanzania. The impacts include increased government revenues (through tax, royalties, privatization proceedings, licences and fees); increased direct and indirect employment; increased community support projects; increased up-to date and state-of the art technology; improved investment climate; technology transfer; and more market access. Tanzania’s impacts on the FDIs locating in the country include accessibility to markets and resources; investment incentives; profits; royalties; dividends; and employment.