The Use of Social Media to Promote Societal Values in an Age of Corporate Competition: One Publishing Company’s Paradigm—Sage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.115.17028Abstract
This is a paper on the use of social media postings by a publishing company focusing on issues of humane qualities of a diverse society, Sage. It is presented at a time when the value and control of social media is in question and being scrutinized by groups ranging from social scientists to the U.S. Congress as a medium that is sometimes considered more detrimental than good for users across demographics. However, Sage, part of a global academic community, developed uniquely positive messaging for social media and is a model for other organizations. Starting with a background of Sage, this study is deductive, starting with a brief history of publishing in the United States and the world, and continuing with the history of social media, with a focus on LinkedIn. The results present a model that is an anomaly for social media postings typical of companies messaging to its followers. Sage’s communication approach is not to sell products and services via social media, but to educate its followers and stakeholders on the important issues of the day, particularly those related to the social sciences. It “talks” to its followers and provides free advice on how to best address human needs across demographics, and the role that publishing plays in this. The research methods used in this study are Historical and Descriptive Research, Content Analysis, and Elite and Specialized Interviewing. The result is a model for communication via social media for organizations wanting to communicate effectively to its publics. A Content Analysis looks at four broad categories, 14 specific categories, and 90 topics. The study covers the people behind the Sage LinkedIn postings; purpose of the postings; Sage corporate morals, ethics, social responsibilities, values, and philosophy; Sage today and prospects for the future. The company emits a sense that Sage is a good company to work for, and with, because it cares about the personal concerns and well being of society, regardless of whether businesses or individuals are customers or not. An extensive literature review, including citations, and miscellaneous publications are presented.
References
Endnote Citations 1 – 6. Levenson, Harvey Robert, “Some Ideas about Doing Research in Graphic Communication,” (The Good Neighbor Press & Services, 2001), Pages 24-27; Swanson, Richard A. and Elwood F Holton III, Editors, Research In Organizations: Foundations and Methods of Inquiry, Historical Research Methods,” Chapter 17 by Michael Rowlinson, (Barrett Koehjler , San Francisco, 2009), 295 pages; https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=AyMZt9AodEEC&oi=fnd&pg=PA295&dq=What+is+Historical+and+Descriptive+Research%3F&ots=N7mpDB_M99&sig=Ih9g_3xSdsaGhM51dkMGXDNENWo#v=onepage&q=What%20is%20Historical%20and%20Descriptive%20Research%3F&f=false; McCombes, Shona, “Descriptive Research – Definition, Types, Methods & Examples,” (Scribbr, May 15, 2019, Revised June 22, 2023). https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/7. Levenson, Harvey Robert, “Some Ideas about Doing Research in Graphic Communication,” (The Good Neighbor Press & Services, 2001), Pages 27-30; Luo, Amy, “Content Analysis—Guide, Methods & Examples,” (Scribbr, June 22, 2023) https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/content-analysis/8. Dexter, Lewis Anthony, “Elite and Specialized Interviewing,” (Northern University Press, 1970), 165 pages; Levenson, Harvey Robert, “Some Ideas about Doing Research in Graphic Communication,” (The Good Neighbor Press & Services, 2001), Pages 22-24. 9. World – Publications cited Lister, Raymond, ed., “The Letters of Samuel Palmer,” (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974), 2 vols., 1123 pages.
Lister, Raymond, “Samuel Palmer A Biography,” (London, Faber & Faber, 1975), 299 pages.
Melvin L. DeFleur, Melvin L., and Sandra Ball-Rokeach,"Theories of Mass Communication,” (Longman Publishing Group; 4th edition, January 1, 1982), 263 pages.
Hall, Frania, "The Business of Digital Publishing: An Introduction to the Digital Book and Journal Industries," (Routledge, April 29, 2002), 260 pages.
Striphas, Ted, "The Late Age of Print: Everyday Book Culture from Consumerism to Control," (Columbia University Press, 2009), 272 pages.
Farman, Jason, "The Mobile Story: Narrative Practices with Locative Technologies," (Routledge, May 23, 2014), 338 Pages.
Kimball, Ralph and Margy Ross, "The Data Warehouse Toolkit: The Definitive Guide to Dimensional Modeling,” (Wiley, July 2013), 608 pages.
Papacosta and Stevfe Lubetkin, "The Business of Podcasting: How to Take Your Podcasting Passion from the Personal to the Professional,” (Createspace Independent Publishing Platform, August 2015), 162 pages. De Filippi, Primavera and Aaron Wright, "Blockchain and the Law: The Rule of Code," (Harvard University Press, 2018), 300 pages. 10. United States – Publications cited Wroth, Lawrence C., "The Colonial Printer,” (Dover Publications, January 9, 1995), 368 pages. Bailyn, Bernard, "The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution,” (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, January 1, 1992), 416 pages.
Mott, Frank Luther, "A History of American Magazines – 1741- 1859," Vol. I, (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, January 1,1930), 934 pages. 363
Spiller, Robert E., Spiller, Robert E., Thorp, Willard, Johnson, Thomas H., et al (editors), “Literary History of the United States.” (The Macmillan Company, New York, January 1, 1966), 1509 pages. Epstein, Jason, "Book Business: Publishing: Past, Present, and Future,” (W. W. Norton & Company, January 17, 2002), 226 pages.
Kellner, Douglas, "Television and the Crisis of Democracy,”(Routledge, November 1, 1990), 304 pages. Hall, Frania, "The Business of Digital Publishing: An Introduction to the Digital Book and Journal Industries,” (Routledge, May 6, 2022), 274 pages.
Gaughran, David, "Let's Get Digital: How to Self-Publish, and Why You Should," (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012), 222 pages.
Geoghegan, Michael and Dan Klass, "Podcast Academy: The Business Podcasting Book" (Routledge, August 15, 2016). 11. The Publishing Industry Today – Publications cited Poynter, Dan, "The Self-Publishing Manual: How to Write, Print and Sell Your Own Book Paperback,” (Para Publishing; 16 Revised editions, Mar. 2007).
Rubery, Matthew, "Audiobooks: The State of the Art – The Untold Story of the Talking Book,” (Harvard University Press, 11/14/2016), 384 pages.
Lee & Low Books, “The Diversity Baseline Survey – The Diversity Gap in the Book Publishing Industry,” (Lee & Low Books, New York, NY, 2004), https://www.leeandlow.com/about-us/the-diversity-baseline-survey Gray, Jonathan, Liliana Bounegru, and Lucy Chambers, "The Data Journalism Handbook," (European Journalism Centre, 2012). 12. A Brief History of Social Media – Books Cited
Rheingold, H. (1993). “The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier,” (The MIT Press, 2000).
Abrams, J., & Anderson, D. and Catherine D. Marcum, "History of Social Networking," (Google Books, 2003). https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Abrams,+J.,+%26+Anderson,+D.+(2003).+%22History+of+Social+Networking.%22&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart
Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B., "Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship." Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Volume 13, Issue 1, (Oxford Academic, October 1, 2007), Pages 210–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x
Kirkpatrick, D. (2010), "The Facebook Effect," (Simon & Schuster, February 1, 2011), 392 pages.
Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B., "Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship." Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, (Wiley, 2007).
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M., "Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media." (Elsevier – Science Direct, January-February 2010). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0007681309001232
Smith, Aaron and Monica Anderson, "Social Media Use in 2018." (Pew Research Center, 2018). https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/03/01/social-media-use-in-2018/Milad Mirbabaie, Milad, Deborah Bunker, Stefan Stieglitz, Julian Marx and Christian Ehnis, “Social media in times of crisis: Learning from Hurricane Harvey for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic response,” Journal of 364
Levenson, H. R. (2024). The Use of Social Media to Promote Societal Values in an Age of Corporate Competition: One Publishing Company’s Information Technology, Vol. 35(3) 195–213 (Association for Information Technology Trust, 2020). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0268396220929258
Tufekci, Z. and Wilson, C., "Social media and the decision to participate in political protest: Observations from Tahrir Square." (Wiley, March 6, 2012). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01629.x
Acquisti, A. and Gross, R., "Imagined Communities: Awareness, Information Sharing, and Privacy on the Facebook," H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management Data Privacy Laboratory, School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, (Springer Link, 2006). https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11957454_313. Most Widely Used Social Media Sites – References cited LinkedIn: https://www.businessofapps.com/data/linkedin-statistics/Twitter: https://business.twitter.com/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/business/Instagram: https://business.instagram.com/YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/yt/about/press/Snapchat: https://phys.org/news/2018-06-snapchat.html
WhatsApp: https://www.webwise.ie/parents/explainer-whatsapp/Pinterest: https://help.pinterest.com/en/guide/all-about-pinterest14. History of Linkedin – References cited LinkedIn Launch (2003): Founded by Reid Hoffman, LinkedIn was officially launched as a professional networking site in May 2003. It aimed to connect professionals for job opportunities and business networking. https://blog.linkedin.com/2003/12/14/hello-world
Expansion and Features: Over the years, LinkedIn expanded its features, introducing elements like endorsements, recommendations, and groups to enhance professional networking. https://www.linkedin.com/company/linkedin/IPO (2011): LinkedIn went public in May 2011, marking a significant milestone in its growth as a businessoriented social platform. https://news.linkedin.com/2011/may/linkedin-ipo
Microsoft Acquisition (2016): Microsoft announced its acquisition of LinkedIn in June 2016 for approximately $26.2 billion. The acquisition aimed to integrate LinkedIn with Microsoft's productivity tools. https://news.microsoft.com/2016/06/13/microsoft-to-acquire-linkedin/
Content Publishing (2014): LinkedIn allowed users to publish long-form content, providing a platform for professionals to share insights and expertise. (CIThttps://blog.linkedin.com/2014/02/19/be-heard-write-onlinkedin
LinkedIn Learning (2016): The platform introduced LinkedIn Learning, offering a variety of online courses to enhance professional skills. https://blog.linkedin.com/2016/october/24/introducing-linkedin-learning
Redesign (2017): In 2017, LinkedIn underwent a major redesign to improve user experience, focusing on content discovery and interaction. https://blog.linkedin.com/2017/january/19/the-5-biggest-linkedin-changesof-2016-and-the-year-ahead
Miscellaneous Bibliography Apel, Thomas, "Foulke's Instrument of Writing: The Earliest Known American Editions of 'The Whole Booke of Psalmes, 1640," The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 104.1 (2010): 55-94.
Bennett, Paul A., Ed., “Books and Printing: A Treasury for Typophiles,” (The World Publishing Company, Cleveland and New York, 1951), 417 pages.
Biagi, Shirley, Media Impact: An Introduction to Mass Media, Cengage Learning, 2012.
Dessauer, John, P., “Book Publishing: The Basic Introduction,”(The Continuum Publishing Company, New York, 1999), 269 pages.
Dhringea, Manish and Rakesh K. Mudgalb, “Historical Evolution of Social Media: An Overview,” Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 2019.
Duffus, R. L., “Books: Their Place in a Democracy,” (Houghton, Mifflin Company, Boston and New York, 1930), 225 pages.
Finkelstein, David and Alistair McCleery, “An Introduction to Book History,” (Routledge, New York and London, 2005), 160 pages.
Greco, Albert N., "The Book Publishing Industry," The Oxford Handbook of Publishing, Oxford University Press, 2010, 13-32.
Gregersen, Erik, “A history of LinkedIn,” Britannica, November 13, 2023.
Hall, David D., “Cultures of Print: Essays in the History of the Book,” University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, 1996, 195 pages.
Lehmann-Haupt, Hellmut, “The Book in America: A History of the Making and Selling of Books in the United States,” (R. R. Bowker Company, New York, 1952), 491 pages. nd Levenson, Harvey R. and John Parsons, Introduction to Graphic Communication, 2 Edition (a printed interactive book), IntuIdeas, Bainbridge Island, Washington, June 2018, 247 pp.
Levenson, Harvey Robert, Understanding Graphic Communication: Selected Readings, GATF Press, Graphic Arts Technical Foundation, Sewickley, Penna, (March, 2000), 254 pp.
Lewis, Richard and James Luciana, “Digital Media: An Introduction,” (Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2002), 362 pages.
Library of Congress, "A New World and a New Book: The Bay Psalm Book," www.loc.gov Library of Congress, "Creating the United States." Massachusetts Historical Society, "The First Printing Press in the American Colonies," Mott, Frank Luther, A History of American Magazines, 1850-1865, Harvard University Press, 1938. National Constitution Center, "First Amendment: An Overview."
Pew Research Center, "Book Reading 2016."
Romano, Frank with Miranda Mitrano, “History of Desktop Publishing,” (Oak Knoll Press, New Castle, Delaware,2019), 399 pages.
Levenson, H. R. (2024). The Use of Social Media to Promote Societal Values in an Age of Corporate Competition: One Publishing Company’s Sage Publishing Website, Sage Publishing, Thousand Oaks, California.
Siga, Rumi Mary, “History of LinkedIn—How it all started, Medium—Brand Stories,” May 9, 2022.
Slater, J. Herbert, “Round and About the Book-Stalls.” (L. Upcott Gill. London, 1891), 119 pages.
Steinberg, S. H., “Five Hundred Years of Printing,” (Criterion Books, New York, 1959), 286 pages.
Sutherland, John, Bestsellers: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2007.
Tebbel, John William, “The American Magazine: A Compact History,” Da Capo Press, 1989.
Thomas, Isaiah, “The History of Printing in America,” (Imprint Society, Barré Massachusetts, 1970), 650 pages.
Thompson, John B., Merchants of Culture: The Publishing Business in the Twenty-First Century, Plume, 2012. University of Virginia Library, "American Periodicals Series Online."
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Harvey R. Levenson

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
