Influence of Hospitality Careers on Preferred Family Size
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.104.13947Keywords:
Influence, Hospitality Career, Preferred Family SizeAbstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of hospitality careers on preferred family size. The specific objective was to examine whether ladies' level of education, age, and careers influence their decision on the number of children they would have. The descriptive research method was used in the study. The data was collected from 186 respondents who were randomly selected. The study triangulated both qualitative and quantitative methods. The majority 46% of the respondents had 1 to 2 children while 30% had 3 to 4 children with a minority of 8 % having between 4 to 6 children. This finding was significant X2 =88.377, df (4), p<.0001 It was found that women's employment, education, marital status, attitude toward having children, and availability of family planning methods influenced their family size. There were weak positive correlations (r=0.195) p<0.026) between the hospitality career and the preferred family meaning that the career influenced respondents' attitude towards family size. There was a positive correlation between job flexibility and intention to have a family (r=-.483, p<.003.) There were weak inverse correlations between the financial cost of bringing up children and the number of children a family would like to have (r=-227, p<.012).
References
Abdi, B., Okal, J., Serour, G., & Temmerman, M. (2020). “Children are a blessing from God”–a qualitative study exploring the socio-cultural factors influencing contraceptive use in two Muslim communities in Kenya. Reproductive Health, 17(1), 1-11.
Achdut, N., & Refaeli, T. (2020). Unemployment and psychological distress among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic: Psychological resources and risk factors. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(19), 7163.
Alberto Cazzola, Lucia Pasquini & Aurora Angeli (2016). The relationship between unemployment and fertility in Italy: A time-series analysis 2016 http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol34/1/ DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2016.34.1
Al-Kharif, R., Abdul Salam, A., & Abdul Rashid, M. F. (2020). Family demographic transition in Saudi Arabia: emerging issues and concerns. Sage Open, 10(1), 2158244020914556.
Behrman, J., & Gonalons-Pons, P. (2020). Women’s employment and fertility in a global perspective (1960–2015). Demographic Research, 43, 707.
Bongaarts, J. (2020). Trends in fertility and fertility preferences in sub-Saharan Africa: the roles of education and family planning programs. Genus, 76(1), 1-15.
Chen, H., Wang, X., Liu, Y., & Liu, Y. (2020). Migrants' choice of household split or reunion in China's urbanization process: The effect of objective and subjective socioeconomic status. Cities, 102, 102669.
Cheng, Y. H. A., & Hsu, C. H. (2020). No more babies without help for whom? Education, division of labor, and fertility intentions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(4), 1270-1285.
Connell, R. W., Ashenden, D. J., Kessler, S., & Dowsett, G. W. (2020). Making the difference: Schools, families and social division. Routledge.
England, P., Gornick, J., & Shafer, E. F. (2012). Women's employment, education, and the gender gap in 17 countries. Monthly Lab. Rev., 135, 3.
Getz, D., Carlsen, J., & Morrison, A. (2004). The family business in tourism and hospitality. CABI.
Gheyoh Ndzi, E., & Raj Westwood, A. (2021). The unacknowledged relationship between shared parental leave, breastfeeding and workplace support in UK Universities. International Journal of Business and Social Science Research, 1-7.
Götmark, F., & Andersson, M. (2020). Human fertility in relation to education, economy, religion, contraception, and family planning programs. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1-17.
Hassard, J., Gruzdyte, I., Delic, L., Dale-Hewitt, V., & Thomson, L. (2021). Pregnancy-Related Stigma in the Workplace and Psychological Health: Is There a Relationship? Aligning Perspectives in Gender Mainstreaming, 77-94.
Ickes, S. B., Adams, J. N., Sanders, H. K., Kinyua, J., Lemein, H. S., Denno, D. M., ... & Nduati, R. (2022). Access to workplace supportA is positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding among formally employed mothers in Kenya. The Journal of Nutrition.
Kim, J. (2016). Female education and its impact on fertility. IZA World of Labor.
Kiprono, F. (2021). Maternal Mortality and Choice of Birth Attendants in Kenya A system dynamic Approach (Master's thesis, The University of Bergen).
Knodel, J., Havanon, N., & Sittitrai, W. (1990). Family size and the education of children in the context of rapid fertility decline. Population and Development Review, 31-62.
Liu, D. H., & Raftery, A. E. (2020). How do education and family planning accelerate fertility decline? Population and Development Review, 46(3), 409-441.
Martin, T. C. (1995). Women's education and fertility: results from 26 Demographic and Health Surveys. Studies in family planning, 187-202.
Masuda, K., & Yamauchi, C. (2020). How does female education reduce adolescent pregnancy and improve child health? Evidence from Uganda’s universal primary education for fully treated cohorts. The Journal of Development Studies, 56(1), 63-86.
Mushy, S. E., Tarimo, E. A., Massae, A. F., & Horiuchi, S. (2020). Barriers to the uptake of modern family planning methods among female youth of Temeke District in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A qualitative study. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 24, 100499.
Nasrabadi, M., Vahedian-Shahroodi, M., Esmaily, H., Tehrani, H., & Gholian-Aval, M. (2019). Factors affecting Exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of birth: An Exploratory-Descriptive Study. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 7(3), 1749-1764.
Nyoni, S. P., Chihoho, T. A., & Nyoni, T. (2021). Time Series Forecasting of Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in Kenya. International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, 5(8), 232.
Po, J. Y., & Hickey, G. M. (2020). Cross-scale relationships between social capital and women's participation in decision-making on the farm: A multilevel study in semi-arid Kenya. Journal of Rural Studies, 78, 333-349.
Pritchett, L., & Sandefur, J. (2020). Girls’ schooling and women’s literacy: schooling targets alone won’t reach learning goals. International Journal of Educational Development, 78, 102242.
Som, K. S., & Mishra, R. P. (2020). Role of women education for fertility reduction: a case study of Sagar district, India. Human Geographies, 14(1), 73-90.
Sriraman, N. K., & Kellams, A. (2016). Breastfeeding: What are the barriers? Why women struggle to achieve their goals. Journal of Women's Health, 25(7), 714-722.
Tang, K., Wang, H., Tan, S. H., Xin, T., Qu, X., Tang, T., & Gaoshan, J. (2019). Association between maternal education and breast-feeding practices in China: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 9(8), e028485.
Wambach, K., & Spencer, B. (2019). Breastfeeding and human lactation. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Wood, J., Klüsener, S., Neels, K., & Myrskylä, M. (2020). Shifting links in the relationship between education and fertility. Population, Space and Place, 26(8), e2342.
Yilmaz, T., Yazici, S., & Benli, T. (2020). Factors associated with infertility distress of infertile women: a crosssectional study. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 41(4), 275-281.
van Dellen, S. A., Wisse, B., & Mobach, M. P. (2022). Effects of lactation room quality on working mothers’ feelings and thoughts related to breastfeeding and work: a randomized controlled trial and a field experiment. International breastfeeding journal, 17(1), 1-16.
Yu, H. H. (2019). Work-life balance: An exploratory analysis of family-friendly policies for reducing turnover intentions among women in US federal law enforcement. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(4), 345-357.
Walker, M. (2021). Breastfeeding management for the clinician: Using the evidence. Jones & bartlett learning.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Kabii Francis, John K. M. Wandaka

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
