Two Types of Space in the Hydrogen Atom not Predictable with Quantum Mechanics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.82.9738Keywords:
Einstein’s Energy-Momentum Relationship in a Hydrogen Atom, Relativistic Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy, Bohr’s Quantum Condition, Dark MatterAbstract
Einstein’s energy-momentum relationship is not applicable to the electron in a hydrogen atom. Therefore, the author has previously derived an energy-momentum relationship applicable to the electron inside the hydrogen atom where potential energy exists. However, the initially-derived relationship did not incorporate the discontinuities in energy which are characteristic of quantum mechanics. Therefore, the author derived a new quantum condition to take the place of Bohr’s quantum condition, i.e., , and that was used to incorporate discontinuity into the relationship derived by the author. When that relationship is solved, it is evident that, in addition to the existing energy levels, there are also ultra-low energy levels where the electron mass becomes negative. A previously unknown state of the hydrogen atom exists, formed from an electron with negative mass and a proton with positive mass. The electron with negative mass exists near the proton. The author predicts that this unknown matter is the true nature of dark matter, an unknown source of gravity whose true nature is currently unknown.
References
Einstein, A. (1961) Relativity. Crown, New York, 43.
Einstein, A. (1946) Elementary derivation of the equivalence of mass and energy. Technical Journal, 5, 16.
French, A. P. (1968) Special Relativity. W.W.NORTON&COMPANY, New York. London, 19.
French, A. P. (1968) Special Relativity. W.W.NORTON&COMPANY, New York. London, 21.
Suto, K. (2009) True nature of potential energy of a hydrogen atom. Physics Essays, 22 2 , 135-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3092779
Suto, K. (2018) Potential energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom and a model of a virtual particle pair constituting the vacuum, Applied Physics Research, 10(4), 93-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v10n4p93
Suto, K. (2011) An energy-momentum relationship for a bound electron inside a hydrogen atom. Physics Essays, 24(2), 301-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3583810
Suto, K. (2012) Theoretical prediction of the size of the proton and correction of the quantum condition. Physics Essays, 25(4), 488-494. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-25.4.488
Bohr, N. (1913) On the constitution of atoms and molecules. Philosophical Magazine, 26, 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786441308634955
Bohr, N. (1952) Collected Works Vol. 2. North-Holland, Amsterdam, 136.
Suto, K. (2015) An unknown physical constant missing from physics. Applied Physics Research, 7(5), 68-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/apr.v7n5p68
Suto, K. (2020) The Planck constant was not a universal constant. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 8, 456-463. https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2020.83035
Suto, K. (2019) The relationship enfolded in Bohr’s quantum condition and a previously unknown formula for kinetic energy. Applied Physics Research, 11, 19-34. https://doi.org/10.5539/apr.v11n1p19
Kraft, D.W. (1974) Relativistic corrections to the Bohr model of the atom. American Journal of Physics, 42, 837-839. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1987875
James T. Cushing. (1970) Relativistic Bohr Model with Finite-Mass Nucleus. American Journal of Physics, 38, 1145. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1976568
Hans C. von Baeyer. (1975) Semiclassical quantization of the relativistic Kepler problem. Physical Review D 12, 3086. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.12.3086
Andreas F Terzis. (2008) A simple relativistic Bohr atom. European Journal of Physics, 29, 735–743. doi:10.1088/0143-0807/29/4/008
Suto, K. (2014) Previously unknown ultra-low energy level of the hydrogen atom whose existence can be predicted. Applied Physics Research, 6, 64-73. https://doi.org/10.5539/apr.v6n6p64
Suto, K. (2018) Derivation of a relativistic wave equation more profound than Dirac’s relativistic 338 Suto, K. (2021). Two Types of Space in the Hydrogen Atom not Predictable with Quantum Mechanics. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(2) wave equation. Applied Physics Research, 10, 102-108. https://doi.org/10.5539/apr.v10n6p102
Dirac, P. A. M. (1978) Directions in Physics. New York: Wiley, 11.
Suto, K. (2015) Presentation of strong candidates for dark matter. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, A, 15, 1-6. https://journalofscience.org/index.php/GJSFR/article/view/1869
Suto, K. (2017) Presentation of dark matter candidates. Applied Physics Research, 9, 70-76. https://doi.org/10.5539/apr.v9n1p70
Suto, K. (2017) Region of dark matter present in the hydrogen atom. Journal of Physical Mathematics, 8, 10.4172/2090-0902.1000252
Suto, K. (2020) Dark matter and the energy-momentum relationship in a hydrogen atom. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, 6, 52-61. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhepgc.2020.61007
Suto, K. (2020) The prediction of negative energy specific to the electron. Journal of Modern Physics, 11, 712-724. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2020.115046
Suto, K. (2020) New Insights into Physical Science Vol.4, Book Publisher International, 73-85. Doi: 10.9734/bpi/nips/v4
Randolf, P. (2010). Size of the proton. Nature, 466, 213-216.
Suto, K. (2014) True factors determining the ratio of space contraction and time dilation predicted by the special theory of relativity. Physics Essays. 27(4), 580-585. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-27.4.580
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Koshun Suto

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
