Comparison of Algorithms of Individual and Group Behavior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.82.9750Keywords:
human behavior, algorithm of behavior, evolution, social behavior, group behaviorAbstract
It has been suggested that the functionality of matter, life, and mind can be described by algorithms containing a sequence of steps and feedback mechanisms. Social processes were until now not considered. Consequently, we examine algorithms of behavior of groups of various kinds, identify their common parameters, and undertake a comparative analysis to the algorithm of individual behavior. We conclude, that despite some application-specific differences, groups operate in accordance with a unified algorithm and, furthermore, this algorithm is the same as the generic algorithm of individual behavior. We demonstrate that in the generally perceived progression matter-life-mind-culture/society, the latter transition cannot be validated. Homogeneity of algorithms of individual and group behavior leads to the proposition that the human mind/psyche and social processes belong to the same level of complexity of nature. This challenges the commonly held perception that society/culture is a standalone perspective of reality separate from the mind.
References
Balch, C. D. (1991). The Art of War and the Art of Trial Advocacy: Is There Common Ground? Mercer L. Rev, 42, 861–73.
Boyd, J.R. (1976). Destruction and Creation. U.S. Army Command and General Staff College.
Boyd, J.R. (1995). The Essence of Winning and Losing. 28 June 1995 a five-slide set by Boyd.
Boyd, J.R. (2018/1987). A discourse on winning and losing. Ed. Hammond G.T. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air University Press.
Brehmer, B. (2004). Tid i det nya kriget. (Time in the new war) In G. Artéus & B. Brehmer (Eds.), Tio essäer om det nya kriget. Stockholm: Swedish National Defence College. (In Swedish).
Brehmer, B. (2005). The dynamic OODA loop: Amalgamating Boyd’s OODA loop and the cybernetic approach to command and control. In the Proceedings of the 10th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium: The Future of C2.
Bryant, D.J. (2004). Modernizing Our Cognitive Model. Defence Research Development Canada – Toronto, Judgment and Decision-Making Group.
Builder, C. H., Banks, S. C. & Nordin, R. (1999). Command concepts. A theory derived from the practice of command and control. Santa Monica, Calif.: Rand.
Dreier, A.S. (2012). Strategy, Planning & Litigating to Win. Boston, MA: Conatus Press. ISBN 9780615676951.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The Reasoned Action Approach. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Forsyth, D. (2014). Group Dynamics. Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 6th edition.
Galperin, P.J. (1976). Introduction to psychology, Moscow, Russian ed.
Henriques, G. (2003). The Tree of Knowledge System and the Theoretical Unification of Psychology. Review of General Psychology, 7(2):150-182.
Henriques, G. (2011). A new unified theory of psychology. New York: Springer.
Hollingshead, A. B., Wittenbaum, G. M., Paulus, P. B., Hirokawa, R. Y., Ancona, D. G., Peterson, R. S., Jehn, K. A., & Yoon, K. (2005). A look at groups from the functional perspective. In M. S. Poole & A. B. Hollingshead (Eds.), Theories of small groups: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 21–62). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
ISO 21500:2012 – Guidance on project management
Kopsov, I. (2019a). A New Model of Subjective Well-Being. The Open Psychology Journal, 12(1):102-115.
Kopsov, I. (2019b). A New Model of Human Needs. London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal,
Kopsov, I. (2020). On the Origin of Human Behavior. Sage Submissions. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.12151791.v1
Lawson, J.S. (1981). Command and control as a process. IEEE Control Systems Magazine, March 1981, 5-12.
Levis, A.H. & Athans, M. (1988). The quest for aC2 theory: Dreams and realities. In S. E. Johnson & A. H. Levis (Eds.), Science of command and control: Coping with uncertainty, Pp. 4-9. Fairfax, VA: AFCEA International Press.
McClelland, K. (2014). Cycles of conflict: A computational modeling alternative to Collins’s theory of conflict escalation. Sociological Theory, 32, 100-127. doi:10.1177/0735275114536387 510
Kopsov, I. (2021). Comparison of Algorithms of Individual and Group Behavior. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 8(2) 487-510.
McNeilly, M. (1996). Sun Tzu and the Art of Business: Six Strategic Principles for Managers. New York:Oxford University Press, 1996.
Papenfuhs, S. (2012). The OODA loop, reaction time, and decision making. PoliceOne.com. Feb 23, 2012
Powers, W.T. (1973). Behavior: The control of perception. New York, USA: Hawthorne.
Richards, C. (2004). Certain to Win: the Strategy of John Boyd, Applied to Business. ISBN 1-4134-5377-5
Sun Tzu. (1963). The Art of War. Translated by Samuel B. Griffith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-501476-1.
van Creveld, M. (1985). Command in war. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Wohl, J. G. (1981). Force management decision requirements for air force tactical command and control. IEEE transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC-11, 618-639.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Igor Kopsov
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
