A Pestle Analysis of Maritime Piracy and Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea

Authors

  • Dr. Capt. Nana Raymond Lawrence Ofosu-Boateng Regional Maritime University
  • Zhang Jiping

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.71.7742

Abstract

The Gulf of Guinea is a region that that draws a lot of interest to many nations in Latin America, Europe and West Africa. It is because these countries depend on this region for conducting their business. Most of the countries export their products and import other goods through the Atlantic Ocean (Ali, 2017). The discovery of oil in Nigeria led to increased business transaction in this region and thus, the development of the economy. However, it also led to the rise of piracy, which affected the maritime security of the area. Many ships and other sea vessels have been affected by the acts of pirates who attack the ships and steal the content being transported. Sometimes they could also hijack these vessels and demand for ransom for them to be released. The ability to counterattack the pirates and robberies in this region is affected by factors which range from political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental. Matters such weak governments and poor implementation of the laws and conventions make the countries in the region to lack ability to tackle pirates in the sea and thus have to rely on the international security agencies like Interpol policing and other forces to help in providing security in the sea (Hasan, & Hassan, 2016). Increase in population, lack of unemployment, and poverty are also some of the things which makes many youths in the region to participate in these criminal activities because they lack something constructive, which can generate income.

References

Adibe, R., Nwangwu, C., Ezirim, G. E., & Egonu, N. (2018). Energy hegemony and maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea: rethinking the regional trans-border cooperation approach. Review of African Political Economy, 1-11.

Ali, K. D., (2017). 7 Anti-Piracy Responses in the Gulf of Guinea: Addressing the Legal Deficit. In Ocean Law and Policy (pp. 203-219). Brill Nijhoff.

Allen, C. D., (2017). Pirates in West Africa and Somalia. In Violent Non-State Actors in Africa (pp. 301-321). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Brown, T. M., (2016). Piracy waters: notes from the field (s). Loyola Maritime Law Journal, 15(2), 189-215.

Cornell, S. C., (2018). Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea: Responses under International Maritime Law.

Denton, G. L., & Harris, J. R. (2019). The Impact of Illegal Fishing on Maritime Piracy: Evidence from West Africa. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 1-20.

Forster, B. A., (2016). MODERN MARITIME PIRACY: An Overview of Somali Piracy, Gulf of Guinea Piracy and SouthEastAsian Piracy. American Historical, 2032.

Frank, N. J., (2017). Gulf of Guinea and Security Challenges: the Nigerian Experience (Doctoral dissertation).

Gold, M., (2016). And Justice for All: An Analysis of a Shipowner's Duty of Care in Piracy and Armed Robbery Attacks. J. Mar. L. & Com., 47, 501.

Gottlieb, Y. (2017). International cooperation in combating modern forms of maritime piracy: Legal and policy dimensions.

Hasan, S. M., & Hassan, D. (2016). Current arrangements to combat piracy in the Gulf of Guinea region: an evaluation. J. Mar. L. & Com., 47, 171.

Hassan, D., & Hasan, S., (2017). Effectiveness of the Current Regimes to Combat Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea: An Evaluation. African Journal of Legal Studies, 10(1), 35-65.

Jacobsen, K. L., & Nordby, J. R. (2015). Maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea. Royal Danish Defence College Publishing House.

Johnson, I., (2018). Piracy as a Threat to Africa’s Security and Economic Development. Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, 6(2).

Kamal-Deen, A., (2015). The anatomy of Gulf of Guinea piracy. Naval War College Review, 68(1), 93-118.

Mandanda, D. E., & Guo, P., (2016). Differences and Similarities between the Gulf of Guinea and Somalia Maritime Policy: Lessons Gulf of Guinea Coastal State Should Learn from Somali Piracy. JL Poly & Globalization, 56, 40.

Nelissen, T., (2018). REFLECTIONS ON HOW TO TURN A WORM INTO A GIANT: A Strategic Management Approach to Bridge the Gap towards a Security and Defence Union.

Omeje, K., (2017). High stakes and stakeholders: Oil conflict and security in Nigeria. Routledge.

Osinowo, A. A. (2015). Combating Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea. NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV FORT MCNAIR DC AFRICA CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES.

Oyewole, S., (2016). Suppressing maritime piracy in the Gulf of Guinea: the prospects and challenges of the regional players. Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs, 8(2), 132-146.

Prins, B. C., & Daxecker, U. (2018). Maritime Crime in Civil Conflict: An Extension to the Maritime Piracy Event and Location Data Project. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States.

Schofield, C., & Ali, K. D. (2015). Combating piracy and armed robbery at sea: from Somalia to the Gulf of Guinea. In Routledge Handbook of Maritime Regulation and Enforcement (pp. 313-328). Routledge.

Sibley, C., (2016, June). Be Alert and Stay the Course: An Agent-Based Model Exploring Maritime Piracy Countermeasures. In International Conference on Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling and Prediction and Behavior Representation in Modeling and Simulation (pp. 356-365). Springer, Cham.

Sposato, J., (2016). Counter Piracy In The Gulf Of Guinea: A Whole-Of-Government Approach. Air War College Maxwell AFB United States.

Wang, Q., & Tao, P., (2018). Survey on Reviews of Global Piracy Activities and the Response Measures.

Wardin, K., & Duda, D., (2015). Effectiveness of Measures Undertaken in the Gulf of Guinea Region to Fight Maritime Piracy. Safety of Marine Transport: Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 213.

Zabbey, N., Giadom, F. D., & Babatunde, B. B. (2019). Nigerian Coastal Environments. In World Seas: an Environmental Evaluation (pp. 835-854). Academic Press.

Comparison of the region industry income

Downloads

Published

2020-01-28

How to Cite

Lawrence Ofosu-Boateng, D. C. N. R., & Jiping, Z. . (2020). A Pestle Analysis of Maritime Piracy and Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(1), 472–482. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.71.7742