Some Infections are Heritable or Endogenous: Biological and Mathematical Analysis

Authors

  • Alen J Salerian George Washington University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.1301.19800

Keywords:

leprosy, tuberculosis, pinworms, tetanus, burn wounds

Abstract

This brief report  presents biological and mathematical evidence to suggest some infections develop independent of contamination. The germ theory “infections result from invasions of human body by foreign microbes “has been the central paradigm for infectious disorders since Pasteur’s research in mid 1800’s. Tuberculosis ,leprosy, tinea versicolor H.Pylori infections  are heritable  and  tetanus , pseudomonas aeruginosa burn wound infections , myasis and  pinworm infections are endogenous. Conclusion: Some infections result from contamination whereas many others are inherited or develop internally consistent with Darwinian theory of evolution.: New species emerge from reproduction or evolution of more complex species from less complex ones.

References

Schwartz, M. (2001). "The life and works of Louis Pasteur". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 91 (4): 597–601.

Salerian AJ,(2018) Was Pasteur Wrong? Human Cells may Generate Bacteria. Biomed J Sci &Tech Res( 2018) 4(5)- 2018. BJSTR.

Salerian AJ, What are the odds of tuberculosis is a heritable disorder? European Journal of pharmaceutical and medical research. 2025.Volume 12, Issue Six

Salerian, AJ (2018) Gastric Ulcers May Result From Transformation of Human Tissue to H. pylori: Mathematical Evidence. SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3225494

Salerian. AJ (2019) Twins With Endogenous Tinea Versicolor. International Journal of Case Reports, 4:81

Salerian AJ, What are the odds that tetanus is an endogenous infection? European Journal of Applied Sciences, 2025.volume 13, number 06.

Salerian AJ, Origin of Myiasis, International Journal of Scientific Research, 2022,volume 11, issue 09.

Salerian AJ.(2020) Burn wound infections and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Burns. ;46(1):257–258.

Mitrica, Dragos (2 December 2014). "Scientists find 240 million-year-old parasite that infected mammals' ancestor". ZME Science. Retrieved 14 February 2023.

Solórzano García B, Melin AD, Aureli F, Pérez Ponce de León G. Unveiling patterns of genetic variation in parasite-host associations: an example with pinworms and Neotropical primates. Parasitology. 2019 Mar;146(3):356-362. Scholar Publishing

Solórzano-García B, Vázquez-Domínguez E, Pérez-Ponce de León G, Piñero D. Co-structure analysis and genetic associations reveal insights into pinworms (Trypanoxyuris) and primates (Alouatta palliata) microevolutionary dynamics. BMC Ecol Evol. 2021 Oct 20;21(1):190.

CP, Arjun (October 2015). "A Study of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata) of Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala" (PDF). Zoos' Print Journal. 10.

Foitová, Ivona; Civáňová, Kristína; Baruš, Vlastimil; Nurcahyo, Wisnu (1 July 2014). "Phylogenetic relationships between pinworms (Nematoda: Enterobiinae) parasitising the critically endangered orang-utan, according to the characterisation of molecular genomic and mitochondrial markers". Parasitology Research. 113 (7): 2455–2466.

Alexander K.C. Leung, Joseph M. Lam, Benjamin Barankin, Alex H.C. Wong, Kin F. Leong, Kam L. Hon, Pinworm (Enterobius Vermicularis) Infestation: An Updated Review, Current Pediatric Reviews, 2025, 21, 4, (333-347).

Pinto, Fabrizio Bruschi, Pinworm, Encyclopedia of Infection and Immunity Volume 2, 2022, Pages 648-654

Burkhart, CN., Burkhart, C G. Assessment of frequency, transmission, and genitourinary complications of enterobiasis (pinworms) International Journal of Dermatology 2005 VOLUME -44 ISSUE - 10

Rett, Doug. "Enterobius vermicularis". Animal Diversity Web. 4 January 2021.

Eleonora Kaneva, Rumen Harizanov, Maria Pavlova, Desislava Velcheva, Nina Tsvetkova, Aleksandra Ivanova, Mihaela Videnova, Raina Borisova, Ivailo Alexiev, Reneta Dimitrova, Research on the Influence of Enterobius vermicularis on the Composition and Quality of the Intestinal Microbiota, and the Susceptibility to Co-Infections, Microbiology Research, 10.3390/microbiolres16100215, 16, 10, (215), (2025).

M. Sočan, E. Štromajer, M. Ravnik, M. Mrzel, E. Grilc, I. Grmek Košnik, Enterobius vermicularis infection: a cross-sectional study in preschool and school children in the North-Western part of Slovenia, Helminthologia, 10.2478/helm-2022-0040, 59, 4, (357-363), (2022).

Weng X, Wang Z, Liu J, Kimura M, Black WC 4th, Brennan PJ, Li H, Vissa VD. Identification and distribution of Mycobacterium leprae genotypes in a region of high leprosy prevalence in China: a 3-year molecular epidemiological study. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Jun;45(6):1728-34.

Sotiriou MC, Stryjewska BM, Hill C (September 2016). "Two Cases of Leprosy in Siblings Caused by Mycobacterium lepromatosis and Review of the Literature". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 95 (3): 522–527.

Buschman E, Skamene E "Linkage of leprosy susceptibility to Parkinson's disease genes". International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases. ( 2004). 72 (2): 169–170.

Monot, M., N. Honore, T. Garnier, R. Araoz, J. Y. Coppee, C. Lacroix, S. Sow, J. S. Spencer, R. W. Truman, D. L. Williams, R. Gelber, M. Virmond, B. Flageul, S. N. Cho, B. Ji, A. Paniz-Mondolfi, J. Convit, S. Young, P. E. Fine, V. Rasolofo, P. J. Brennan, and S. T. Cole. 2005. On the origin of leprosy. Science 308:1040-1042.

Honap TP, Pfister LA, Housman G, Mills S, Tarara RP, Suzuki K, Cuozzo FP, Sauther ML, Rosenberg MS, Stone AC. Mycobacterium leprae genomes from naturally infected nonhuman primates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018 Jan 30;12(1):e0006190.

Bhattacharya S, Vijayalakshmi N, Parija SC (October 2002). "Uncultivable bacteria: implications and recent trends towards identification". Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 20 (4): 174–177.

Bittel, J("Humans Gave Leprosy to Armadillos. Now, They're Giving It Back". 06/28/2016). National Geographic Scholar Publishing

"Pathogenesis and Pathology of Leprosy". International Textbook of Leprosy. 11 February 2016. Table A Heritable Infections Endogenous Infections Leprosy Tetanus Tuberculosis Myasis Tinea versicolor Burn wound infections by pseudomonas aeruginosa H pylori infections. Pinworms/ Enterobius Vermicularis

Downloads

Published

2026-01-11

How to Cite

Salerian, A. J. (2026). Some Infections are Heritable or Endogenous: Biological and Mathematical Analysis. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 13(01), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.1301.19800