Employee Loyalty Analysis at PT Alove Bali IND Using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.1302.19996Keywords:
salary, compensation, leadership, work environment, job satisfaction, employee performance, employee loyalty, Alove, BaliAbstract
This study aims to analyze: 1) the influence of salary, work compensation, leadership and work environment on employee satisfaction, performance and loyalty at PT Alove Bali IND, 2) the influence of satisfaction on employee performance and loyalty, 3) the influence of performance on employee loyalty, 4) the role of employee satisfaction and performance in mediating salary, compensation, leadership and work environment on employee loyalty. The study was conducted at PT Alove Bali IND in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province, which is a company that produces liquid organic fertilizer made from aloe vera, which was carried out from August to October 2025. The research location was chosen because employee loyalty is high with the majority of employees having a length of service of over five years. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviews, observations and distributing questionnaires based on the census method to all 50 employees. Data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method and analyzed with the Smart-PLS program version 4. The results of the study showed that: 1) a) Salary does not have a significant influence on employee satisfaction, performance and loyalty, b) Work compensation has a significant influence on employee satisfaction and loyalty, c) Leadership has a significant influence on satisfaction, d) Work environment has a significant influence on employee performance and loyalty; 2) Satisfaction has a significant influence on performance; 3) Performance has a significant influence on loyalty; and 4) The results of the indirect effect test show that job satisfaction does not function as a significant mediator, both on performance and loyalty, while employee performance is a significant mediator in mediating the influence of the work environment on loyalty. It is recommended that PT Alove Bali IND maintain employee loyalty through work compensation, leadership and work environment and pay attention to employee salaries in company management so that it is expected to increase employee satisfaction.
References
Affandi, N., & Azizah, F. (2024). Disiplin Kerja dan Loyalitas Karyawan pada Industri Agribisnis Peternakan. Jurnal Manajemen Agribisnis, 12(1), 45–58.
Afandi, P. (2018). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia: Teori, Konsep dan Indikator. Pekanbaru: Zanafa Publishing.
Aguinis, H. (2019). Performance Management for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The Measurement And Antecedents Of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18.
Anggraeni, D. (2021). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia, 12(1), 45–56.
Ardiansyah, R. (2020). Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 8(2), 101–112.
Arifin, Z. (2019). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja dan Loyalitas Karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, 8(1), 30–42.
Arisandi, D., & Heryjanto, B. (2023). Komitmen Organisasi, Lingkungan Kerja, dan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Penentu Kinerja. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 11(2), 150–162.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). (2023). Statistik Ketenagakerjaan dan Pertanian Indonesia 2023. Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). (2024). Statistik Hortikultura Provinsi Bali 2024. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali.
Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT). (2022). Laporan Kajian Industri Pengolahan Tanaman Biofarmaka. BPPT, Jakarta.
Bernard M. Bass & Ronald E. Riggio (2018). Transformational leadership. New York: Psychology Press.
Bernardin, H. J., & Russell, J. E. A. (2013). Human resource management: An experiential approach (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Page | 94 Scholar Publishing Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E. L., Daniels, S. R., & Hall, A. V. (2024). Social exchange theory: A critical review with theoretical remedies. Academy of Management Annals, 18(1), 1–45. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2021.0244
Den Hartog, et al. (2021). Performance management systems and employee performance: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 31(2).
Dessler, G. (2017). Human resource management (15th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
Dewi, A. P. (2022). Pengaruh Gaji terhadap Motivasi dan Kinerja Karyawan Sektor Perhotelan. Jurnal Hospitality dan Pariwisata, 10(1), 33–44.
Dewi, K. V., & Purba, R. (2023). Determining the Effect of Wage on Employee Satisfaction through Work Environment: A Case Study of Cooperative Office of PRIMKOPPOL, Tebing Tinggi, Indonesia. Global Journal of Business, Economics & Social Development, 1(1), 54-63.
Dewi, N. L. (2021). Pengaruh Kompensasi Finansial terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 9(3), 150–162.
Dewi, N. P. M. (2017). Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Pupuk Organik Cair SUNLAND. Jurnal Agribisnis Udayana, 6(2), 180–189.
Dewi, N. P., & Sudibya, I. G. (2016). Peran Variabel Mediasi dalam Hubungan Antar Variabel Organisasi. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 5(2), 51–60.
Ellyani, I. (2018). Analisis Variabel Mediasi dalam Penelitian Manajemen. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 9(1), 77–90.
Eshun, K., & He, Q. (2004). Aloe Vera: A Valuable Ingredient for The Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Industries A Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 44(2), 91–96.
Fadilah, S. (2022). Pengaruh Kompensasi Berjenjang terhadap Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Karyawan. Jurnal Sumber Daya Manusia, 7(1), 64–73.
Fadillah, L. (2022). Pengaruh Gaji dan Kepuasan terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan Pada Perusahaan Tekstil. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 9(2), 87–96.
Fitriani, M. (2022). Pengaruh Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Generasi Milenial. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 6(1), 91–102.
Gozaly, A., & Wibawa, A. (2018). Loyalitas Karyawan dan Indikatornya. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 14(2), 101–112.
Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Partial Least Squares: Konsep, Teknik, dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Smartpls 3. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2019). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd Ed.). Sage.
Hamman, J. H. (2008). Composition and Application of Aloe Vera Leaf Gel. Molecules, 13(1), 1599–1616.
Handayani, N. (2021). Gaji dan Loyalitas Karyawan di Sektor Ritel Modern. Jurnal Bisnis & Kewirausahaan, 15(1), 22–31.
Harahap, R. (2022). Kepemimpinan dan Loyalitas Karyawan: Efek Mediasi Kinerja. Jurnal Human Capital, 3(1), 55–66.
Hartika, R., Santoso, D., & Putra, A. (2023). Kajian Sistematis Hubungan Kepuasan Kerja dan Loyalitas Karyawan terhadap Kinerja. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 11(1), 55–66.
Harsono, S. (2025). Pendekatan Structural Equation Modeling untuk Penelitian. Widina Publisher.
Hidayat, Y., & Prasetio, T. (2019). Loyalitas Kerja Generasi Milenial dalam Perspektif Pengembangan Diri. Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, 7(2), 55–66. Scholar Publishing
Hidayat, S. (2020). Kepemimpinan yang efektif dan dampaknya terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen, 5(1), 49–60.
Kaufman, B. E. (2019). The Evolving Concept of Strategic HRM. Oxford University Press.
Kadarwati, S. (2017). Loyalitas Karyawan di Organisasi Modern. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kewirausahaan, 17(3), 112–121.
Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. (2023). Laporan Kinerja dan Perkembangan Agribisnis Nasional 2023. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian RI.
Kaufman, B. E. (2019). Theoretical Perspectives on Human Resource Management. New York, NY: Routledge.
Kuncorowati, E., Rokhmawati, R., & Supardin, S. (2022). Pengaruh Kepuasan dan Loyalitas terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 10(1), 55–64.
Kurniawan, A. (2020). Lingkungan Kerja dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Produktivitas Karyawan. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Terapan, 4(2), 133–142.
Kuvaas, B., & Dysvik, A. (2010). Intrinsic Motivation, Job Autonomy, and Employee Outcomes. Human Resource Management Review, 20(4), 374–385.
Lestari, S. (2022). Peran Mediasi Kepuasan Kerja pada Hubungan Gaji dan Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Human Resource Development, 11(1), 34–45.
Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A Review and Meta-Analysis of Organizational Commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 171–194.
Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the Workplace: Toward A General Model. Human Resource Management Review, 11(3), 299–326.
Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment. New York, NY: Academic Press.
Nguyen, T. H., Pham, L. H., & Nguyen, H. Q. (2025). Job satisfaction, work performance, and loyalty of employees in travel agencies. Asian Journal of Business Research, 15(2), 20-43.
Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P. M. (2017). Human Resource Management: Gaining A Competitive Advantage (11th Ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Novianti, L. (2022). Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Loyalitas Karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen Indonesia, 14(1), 72–84.
Pinto, E. P. (2011, September). The Influence Of Wage On Motivation And Satisfaction. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 10(9), 81-92.
Prasetyo, A. (2022). Lingkungan Kerja dan Loyalitas Karyawan di Perusahaan Logistik. Jurnal Logistik & Industri, 5(2), 90–101.
Pratama, R. (2020). Gaji dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Generasi Z. Jurnal Nusantara Ekonomi, 3(2), 115–126.
Putra, I., & Dewi, K. (2021). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Gaji terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 12(2), 88–99.
Putra, W., & Sudharma, I. (2018). Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Budaya Organisasi terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 6(1), 44–56.
Prabowo, R., Mulyani, S., & Widodo, D. (2022). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan Melalui Kepuasan Kerja. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 5(3), 121–130.
Purnami, I. G. A., & Suryawardani, I. G. A. O. (2018). Analisis Model Struktural SEM-PLS dalam Sektor Agribisnis. Jurnal Manajemen Agribisnis, 6(2), 77–85.
Ramadani, N., & Wakhyuni, S. (2023). Pengaruh Beban Kerja terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Dan Loyalitas Karyawan. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi, 8(2), 101–115.
Page | 96 Scholar Publishing Riyanti, N. (2017). Loyalitas Kerja Karyawan: Perspektif Perilaku Organisasi. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2024). Organizational behavior (19th ed.). Pearson Education.
Runtu, Y. (2020). Manajemen Loyalitas Kerja Karyawan. Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media.
Saputra, A. D., Suryatni, M., & Wahyulina, S. (2024, October). The Effect of Compensation and Work Environment on Employee Loyalty through Job Satisfaction as a Mediator at the Regional Revenue Management Agency of West Nusa Tenggara. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 11(10), 110-121.
Sari, I. P., & Lestari, D. (2020). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Loyalitas dan Kinerja. Jurnal Manajemen SDM, 12(1), 33–47.
Sinta, G. (2022). Pengaruh Kinerja terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan pada Industri Perhotelan. Jurnal Pariwisata & SDM, 3(1), 91–102.
Siregar, M. (2020). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan pada Perusahaan Keluarga. Jurnal Organisasi & Bisnis, 8(1), 26–37.
Sudirman, R., & Yuliani, R. (2021). Tantangan Penerapan Metode Penilaian Kinerja di Agribisnis Skala Kecil. Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia, 14(1), 25–36.
Sugiyono. (2015). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suhendi, H. (2017). Komitmen dan Loyalitas Karyawan. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, 3(2), 30–40.
Sulaiman, H. (2021). Insentif dan Kinerja Karyawan: Bukti Empiris pada Industri Makanan. Jurnal Produktivitas Kerja, 12(2), 66–75.
Suryawardani, I. G. A. O., dkk. (2018). Aplikasi SEM-PLS pada Penelitian Agribisnis. Jurnal Agribisnis, 12(1), 44–55.
Susanti, M. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Kepuasan dan Loyalitas terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Bisnis dan Ekonomi, 13(4), 55–67.
Sutanto, E., & Kurniawan, A. (2016). Peran Loyalitas dalam Peningkatan Produktivitas. Jurnal Bisnis dan Ekonomi, 9(2), 88–97.
Suryani, E., & Pratama, H. (2020). Kepuasan Kerja dan Loyalitas Karyawan. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 12(1), 119–132.
Tanaka, A. (2016). Analisis Supply Chain dan Kualitas Produksi pada Agroindustri Lidah Buaya. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Udayana.
Vasani, R. J., & Saple, D. G. (2008). Aloe Vera: A Review of Its Clinical Effectiveness. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.
Wahyudi, T. (2020). Pengaruh Kompensasi Finansial terhadap Loyalitas Karyawan Sektor Transportasi. Jurnal Bisnis & Manajemen, 13(1), 58–68.
Widnyani, S. A., Ambarawati, I. G. A. A., & Windia, W. (2015). Keberlanjutan Bisnis Pupuk Cair Organik PT Alove Bali dalam Perspektif Tri Hita Karana. Jurnal Agribisnis dan Agrowisata, 4(4), 266–274. Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Udayana.
Wijayanti, N., Putri, A. A., & Santoso, B. (2022). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 9(2), 145–156.
Wulandari, A. (2021). Kepemimpinan Suportif dan Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan. Jurnal Psikologi Industri, 9(1), 118–128.
Yolande, M. (2024). The impact of compensation and internal equity on employee performance. Open Journal of Accounting, 13, 32–43.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Kadek Marita Dewi, I Gusti Ayu Oka Suryawardani, Ratna Komala Dewi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
