Engineering is the use of scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied mathematics, applied science, and types of application. See glossary of engineering.
This work involved the study and simulation of various faults, (single line-to-Ground fault LG, line-to-line fault L-L, 3phase Balanced fault L-L-L, and Double line-to-Ground L-L-G) in the Nigerian 330kV power network system and the analysis of results.
Our reasoning is based on 2-valued logic. That is, we are convinced that a statement is either true or false. 2-valued logic is said to be the logic of the Absolute. The true (1) and the false (0) are expressions of the degree of truth, and called truth values. Truth values 1 and 0 form a complete Boolean lattice 2 with operations ∨, ∧, ¬ : 2 = ⟨ {1, 0} : ∧(and), ∨ : (or), ¬(not) ⟩ The logic represented by Boolean lattice is called a classical logic. Thus, we accept the law of excluded middle and distributive law as logical axioms. Classical set theory is developed by the classical logic with axioms which characterize ‘sets’. The whole sets forms the universe of set theory. A model V of the universe of classical set theory is constructed inductively from empty set ∅ by adding power sets of existing sets repeatedly : Vα = {u | ∃β ∈α(u:Vβ →2)}, V = ∪ α∈On Vα , where subset of Vβ is represented by 2-valued characteristic function, i.e. u ⊂ Vβ def ⇐⇒ u:Vβ →2. Mathematics, which is a language of science, is developed in the classical set theory.
The water masses a term being used in oceanographic literature has been borrowed from meteorology. The water masses of specific characteristics are formed in different regions of the oceans by the processes occurring at the surface of the oceans, and ocean-atmosphere interactions at specific locations and sink from the surface to subsurface depths. They move from the region of formation and spread out to different oceans, and deep mixing eventually pulls them up through the thermocline over large areas of the ocean. It is this upward mixing that drives the deep circulation. The water mass distribution is controlled by density gradients. The two key parameters governing these differences are temperature and salinity and are routinely used to characterize it. The salinity maximum and minimum are used in a temperature – salinity (T – S) graph to distinguish a water mass in a certain area of the ocean. This method of water mass identification was introduced first time by Helland and Hansen (1916). A salinity maximum or minimum is defined as that point on a T-S curve 2 which has a salinity greater than or less than the value obtained by the mixing of the water above and below it on the curve (Stewart, 2003).
Delay has been one of the most prevalent challenges within church construction projects, especially in the orthodox churches. Despite construction challenges and project delays within most orthodox churches, there is still a lack of empirical evidence on unearthing the factors that lead to church construction delays. This quantitative study is aimed at exploring church construction delays within the Presbyterian Church of Ghana. After extensive literature and theoretical review, a proposed construct was generated with a structured questionnaire and distributed using the online survey tool, MikeCRM. Out of the 480 questionnaires distributed, 402 were completed and returned, representing a response rate of 84.8%. The questionnaires were completed by 39.3% Other Positions, 21.9% Resident Pastors/Agents, 18.9% Managers, 9.95% Project Managers, 5.90% Consultants, 1.99% Site superintendents (foreman), and 1.99% Electricians. The sample data were analysed statistically using Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha, Pearson correlations, and AMOS for reliability and validity and for measuring the suitability of the proposed constructs. The study confirmed six factors as being responsible for the church construction delay with Material-related being the highest influential factor and Client/Ownerrelated as the least. The other four factors include Project-related, Quality-related, External-related, and Church Organizational Structure. The findings will help academicians, building contractors and church stakeholders with awareness of church construction delays. Theoretically, the findings will contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the research area of church construction delay from the perspective of developing countries.
Regarding China’s studies, it can be categorized as classical studies, contemporary and interdisciplinary researches, but under the criticism of theoretical absence as an ‘area study’. This research relates to the social, environmental, political and economic policies, subconsciously, it is also affected by the philosophy and history for the decision made by the government and people, namely, in term of the macro-perspective, it covers the philosophy, history, social, politics, and the environment, economics, industry reform. More importantly, it integrates the macro with the microperspectives, digging into individuals’ decision under a micro-perspective, providing a comprehensive insight, where it not only has a big picture on the evolution process in the longitudinal historical spectrum, but also a micro-world on its own functional mechanism regarding the individuals’ decision making. Accordingly, it is an interdisciplinary research providing a micro insight of behaviours from the evidence of emerging industry of new energy vehicles.
The acronym VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and Ambiguity) was coined in 1989, by the US Army War College – a school that depends on the US military – to denote the multilateral world more volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous, after the end of the cold war and the dangers of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq in 1990-1991. After the implementation of this concept and the evolution of its application, in different fields, as well as the development that has been added on its characteristics and principles, it is more and more used in companies and administrations. So, VUCA represents these four terms: (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and Ambiguity), these traits have always been present in the world, but what has changed is the speed of change affecting all aspects of our life. As the world accelerates, it brings a whole new dimension to the VUCA world. There are no more stable moments now, and there has never been so much technological ability to predict the world, in instability, the only certainty is the change that it is made permanent.
A pessoa humana é o centro em torno do qual gravita a questão educativa. Do ponto de vista educativo, a formação da pessoa humana situa-se entre objectivo e exigência. É um objectivo enquanto o ensino visa a formação do homem e, é uma exigência na medida em que, as mudanças no presente século, o desenvolvimento tecnológico das sociedades, a proliferação de novos paradigmas de explicação da realidade numa autêntica tensão entre a modernidade e a pós-modernidade, a globalização e suas consequências, impõem à educação e aos educadores uma perspectiva formativa completamente complexa que é a da formação integral e integrada da pessoa humana. Não é fácil definir o que é uma formação integral e integrada por duas razões. A primeira é que a formação integral e integrada supera as dimensões de um simples conceito. A segunda é relativa a dinamicidade do problema. Ou seja, uma formação integral e integrada é sempre definida conforme as instâncias conjecturais do tempo e do espaço em que se encontra inserido “o ser-no-mundo” que se pretende formar
Through facilitative efforts by AFTA, the Malaysian government has entered into trade agreements with other ASEAN member states. The current body of literature provides a general understanding of the effects of trade policies on developing nations, but it does not provide specifics, such as what those trade policies are or what the measurable consequences of those trade policies are in regard to a given industry or even a specific developing nation. The purpose of this study was to explore the measurable consequences of the AFTA trade liberalization policies on Malaysia’s automotive industry. A case study was conducted using the triangulation of empirical statistical data collected from secondary sources, an analysis of policy documents, and from qualitative interviews conducted with consumers, automotive industry workers, and experts in the automotive industry or in the realm of policy analysis and trade politics. The Malaysian government entered into trade agreements out of a desire to protect domestic industry, with a focus on protecting the automotive industry. While economic growth has been high for the past several decades, the automotive industry is still developing, and the country’s classification remains that of a developing nation. The two primary policies influencing the automotive industry in Malaysia are the National Automotive Policy (NAP) and the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT). A review of the results showed that consumers had the lowest level of awareness of policies influencing the automotive industry, even though they were in the stakeholder group most affected by the implementation of those policies. Synthesis of data from the analysed interviews indicated that the effects of Malaysia’s entry into AFTA on the automotive industry have been both deep and far-reaching, but that no one group is aware of all of the measurable consequences of those trade agreements, or that the trade agreements have resulted in positive changes for the country as a whole. The iv researcher identified several recommendations that, if implemented, may work to increase the beneficence of implemented policies. Through the completion of the study, the current national strategies for Malaysia were identified, the policies adopted by Malaysia were identified, and the measurable consequences of those policies within the automotive industry were discussed
Model of strategic management of human resources; building a scenario from Human Resources management perspective was the outcome of this study. Organizations are increasingly looking at HRM as a unique asset that can provide them with sustained competitive advantage .The organization’s philosophy on how to manage its workforce, its policies, therefore needs to be well defined to enhance its ability to attract and retain the right calibre of employees to provide it with the required competitive advantage. Any business entity poised to make impact and to be relevant in the present-day dynamic business environment must plan strategically .Management must paint scenarios, anticipate the environment and be proactive or forward-looking, set realistic objectives and develop strategies and plans of action to achieve those objectives. The issue is not anticipating the future, but making fundamental decisions based on foresight. Organizations have been increasingly aware of the importance of understanding what is going on in their environment and among their audiences. Various methods are employed through Trade Unions, relations with employees, media monitoring, or conducting surveys. Moreover, a number of human resource scholars and professionals have maintained that practical steps and process should be put in place to discover problems in their initial stages before they affect the organizations.
Cholera is a diarrheal syndrome of an infectious epidemic or pandemic nature. This syndrome expressed several epidemic and pandemic spread all over the world during sixties, seventies eighties and nineties of the twentieth century. Cholera caused by V. cholerae serotypes ,the known OI and non-OI serotypes.It seems to be that there were other entero-pathogen like entero-toxigenic Escherichia coli may express such diarrheal syndrome but with neither evident epidemicity nor form water diarrhea .The syndrome has been described as water and food born.It is considered as an enterotoxin induced in which the enterotoxin induce adenyl cyclase. The denyl cyclase in turn induced fluid accumulation in the affected patients gut leading to rice water diarrhea.Infected patient need ;fluid re-susstation ,quarantine and Tetracyclin R derivative therapy.Prove of V.cholerae pathogenicity in mice or other small animal mammals was through the application of the ligated ileal loop technic. The infection induced immunity may be antitoxic, anti-bacterial and vibriocidal antibody responses. Several vaccine makes are known to date that can be of use in facing the epidemic episodes in different world countries[ Holmgren 2021,Momba and Azab EL-Liethy 2017,Sakazaki et al 1970].