Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, morals, beliefs, habits, and personal development Education originated as transmission of cultural heritage from one generation to the next. Today, educational goals increasingly encompass new ideas such as liberation of learners, critical thinking about presented information, skills needed for the modern society, empathy and complex vocational skills.

Nationhood and the Hypothetical Question of Bilingual Education in Cameroon A Sociolinguistic Appraisal

Nationhood and the Hypothetical Question of Bilingual Education in Cameroon A Sociolinguistic Appraisal

Many African states which had been under the influence of western colonisation before the 1960s, presented many challenges of a sociolinguistic kind at independence. Some of these challenges at the national level received a good deal of attention from the new authorities, while others at the community level were comparatively neglected. One of the most salient challenges these newly independent states were confronted with was the accommodation of their multiethnic and multilingual components within a single political framework. One aspect of this preoccupation was the formulation of specific language policies which attempted to reconcile the importance acquired by a metropolitan language during the colonial rule with post independent aspirations. The difficulties for these states in the choice of a language for common usage stemmed from the fact that most of them were colonised, thus the imposition of a language of administration. Brosnahan (1963) opines that the imposition of an official or administrative language on the homelands of other languages is a phenomenon which has occurred on numerous occasions in human history. A reason for the imposition is the aspect of multilingualism. By the nature of the cases, an authority imposing a language is simultaneously imposing some sort of political unity on the area concerned. If circumstances are favourable, the imposed language, as it percolates down to more and more of the population, may well be influential in the development of the awareness of belonging to a nation which is greater than the village or town of the immediate horizon. In this way, the imposed language(s) may play a considerable role in developing a national consciousness and unity among previously separated or even warring groups.

Purposive Communication: Study Guide

Purposive Communication: Study Guide

A written text can communicate across time and space while speech is usually used for immediate intersections. • Written language tends to be more complex and intricate than speech with longer sentences and many subordinate clauses. The punctuation and layout of written texts also have no written equivalent. However, some forms of written language, such as instant messages and emails, are closer to spoken language. Spoken language tends to be full of repetitions, incomplete sentences, corrections, and interruptions, with the exception of formal speeches and other scripted forms of speech, such as news reports and scripts for plays and films. • Writers receive no immediate feedback from their readers, except in computer-based communication. Therefore, they cannot rely on context to clarify things. Speech is usually a dynamic interaction between two or more people. Context and shared knowledge play a major role. • Writers can make use of punctuation, headings, layout, colors, and other graphical effects in their written texts. Such things are not available in speech.. Speech can use timing, tone, volume, and timbre to address emotional context. • Written material can be read repeatedly and closely analyzed, and notes can be made on the writing surface. Only recorded speech can be used in this way. • Some grammatical constructions are only used in writing, as are some kinds of vocabulary, such as some complex chemical and legal terms. Some types of vocabulary are used only or mainly in speech. These include slang expressions, and tags like y’know, like, etc.

Women Attaining Senior Executive Positions In The Jamaican Banking Industry: A Qualitative Exploratory Case Study

Women Attaining Senior Executive Positions In The Jamaican Banking Industry: A Qualitative Exploratory Case Study

The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to explore the success strategies of women who have attained senior executive positions in the Jamaican banking industry. Twelve female senior executives provided data via interviews. The interviews were audio- recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. The research allowed the successful senior executives to share their strategies surrounding corporate ascension. The interviews provided guidance to women who aspired to attain senior-executive positions in the Jamaican banking industry. The information acquired shared insights with the men in the industry about female perspectives. Lastly, the research may provide essential information to the leaders in the Jamaican banking industry as to ways they can assist deserving females achieve promotion into senior executive leadership positions through corporate policy, support systems, and equitable treatment. These strategies may provide the opportunity for male banking leaders to evaluate personal biases while gleaning insights, increasing awareness, and understanding.

Exclusion in Academia: Latina Faculty Struggle towards Tenure

Exclusion in Academia: Latina Faculty Struggle towards Tenure

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the lived experiences of underrepresented tenured Latina faculty in one four-year university in the southeast area of the United States to identify barriers towards achieving tenure. Eight tenured Latina faculty with experience of 7 to 20 or more years in a tenured position provided their perceptions and experiences of the challenges and support they encountered in their pursuit of tenure. A snowball sampling technique produced eight participants from an initial recruitment from an online search. Semi-structured interviews via in-person and audio-video conferences offered rich descriptions of the Latina faculty’s experiences for coding and analysis. The NVivo for Mac software (QSR International, 2015) supported the coding and analysis process of the participant’s responses. Five main themes emerged from the patterns found in the analysis. The five findings included: organizational exclusionary practices against Latina faculty at the university; white male-oriented culture where resources are used to benefit white males; demoralizing micro-aggressions towards Latina faculty from white faculty; the university leadership’s lack of action and accountability to address diversity and inclusion challenges; and the lack of support networks and mentoring to help guide Latina faculty. These findings described an exclusionary academic environment, where the Latina faculty often felt insulted, isolated, and underappreciated with little to no opportunity to advance or contribute equally to the university. This study contributed to the literature by addressing various reasons higher educational institutions need to remove barriers that negatively affect Latina faculty seeking tenure actively.

BS- English FYDP Syllabus Vs. BA-english Tydp: An Evaluation at Graduate Level

BS-English FYDP Syllabus vs BA-English TYDP An Evaluation at Graduate Level

This one-year writing process and 12 CH course means serious and focused research work. Composing a research paper of about 20,000 to 25,000 words on a literary topic of choice along with writing an abstract, selected bibliographies or works cited, annotated as well as simple, citing references, and professionally dividing the whole project into chapters, headings and its parts becomes mandatory for the research candidates. These candidates, who have been exposed to literary taste and linguistic styles by writing papers for various courses for more than a year and with their BA/BS 04-year background and overall almost five years of extensive reading now, are expected to be trained into the demanded academic standards. At this final stage of their orientation to quality literature the candidates may be asked to write these research papers for further growth in their career towards publication or PhD and higher degrees of research programs. Details regarding research at MS level may be connected back to the training received by these candidates through the course offered in “Advanced Research and Bibliographic Methods” during the Semester II of MA English (Honors) in Literature.