Mitigating Aflatoxin Contamination: A Review on Strategies for Safe Food Crops

Abstract

Aflatoxin contamination in food and feed is a significant global food safety concern, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This review investigates the causes, impact, and control measures related to aflatoxin. The review synthesizes existing literature to provide an overview of aflatoxigenic fungi, favourable growth conditions, factors influencing aflatoxin contamination, and management strategies. Aflatoxin contamination is influenced by factors like climate change, inadequate storage, crop susceptibility, poor agronomic practices, and the prevalence of aflatoxigenic fungi species. The presence of Aflatoxin has significant impacts on both human and animal health, ranging from acute aflatoxicosis to chronic health conditions and fatalities, with economic consequences including trade barriers and yield losses. Effective management strategies encompass physical, chemical, and biological techniques, along with breeding and genetic engineering approaches to mitigate aflatoxin levels. This review underscores the urgent need for integrated strategies to minimise aflatoxin contamination, safeguard public health, and ensure food safety/security, especially in regions vulnerable to aflatoxin outbreaks. The practical implications for policymakers, agricultural stakeholders, and researchers include informed decision-making to reduce aflatoxin levels in food and feed, improve food safety, create awareness, and ensure a stable supply of aflatoxin-free products.