Hygienic Milk Production, Milk Marketing And Milk Quality Evaluation in Urban and Peri-Urban of Sululta District, Ethiopia.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/dafs.105.13902Keywords:
Organoleptic test, Milk composition, Milk microbiology, Milk quality standard and contaminating agentAbstract
The study was conducted in Sululta district, Oromia special Zone Surrounding Finfinnee, with the objective of assessing hygienic milk production, marketing system and milk quality evaluation. Raw milk marketing channels producers to Collectors (80%), producers to processors (19%) and producers to consumers (1%), with the average milk price (25) Ethiopia Birr/L during the study was conducted. The overall mean of fat 2.968±0.27%, protein 2.71±0.149%, specific gravity 1.0161±0.0007, Sold-non-fat 5.91±.396, temperature 23.8±.97℃, added water 23.11± 5.049%, freezing points -0.4027±0.0364℃, titratable acidity 0.151±0.009 and pH 6.293±0.077 and there was significant (P≤0.05) difference while milk temperature was not significant (P≤0.05) difference between the two study areas. The overall mean of total bacterial count 7.80±0.25log10cfu/ml, Coliforms 5.71±0.24 log10cfu/ml, Somatic cell 1.10±0.414 log10cfu/ml and yeast and mold 4.13±0.168 log10cfu/ml, there was significant (P≤0.05) difference milk microbial quality between the two study areas. High bacterial load of milk due to contamination from fecal or other contaminating agents from poor pre-harvesting and post harvesting of milk handling, insufficient udder preparation, use of poor quality and un-boiled water for cleaning utensil. The chemical composition and microbial quality of milk not fulfilling milk quality standards, except titratable acidity and somatic cell count, might be due to milk adulteration, cream separation and neglected hygienic milk production practices etc. Appropriate intervention of concerned technical supportive stakeholders would be essential to overcome prevailing poor hygienic milk production, milk marketing and milk quality problem in general.
References
CSA (2021). Central Statistical Agency of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Agricultural Sample Survey: Report on Livestock and Livestock Characteristics (Private Peasant Holdings). Statistical Bulletin 587 (II).
Girma and Verschuur M (2014). Analysis of milk value chain: the case of Ada’a dairy cooperative in Ada’a district, East Shawa zone of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Wudpecker Journal of Agricultural Research 3(1), pp. 016 –
Van der Valk O, Tessama A (2010). The formal dairy chain of Addis Ababa, an analysis of the integration of small -scale dairy farmers in Ethiopian, Addis Ababa.
Chatterjee, S., Bhattacharjee, I., Chatterjee, S. K. and Chandra, G. (2006). Microbiological examination of milk in Tarakeswar, India with special reference to coliforms. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5: 1383-1385.
Karmen, G. T. and Slavica, G. T. (2008). The microbiological quality of raw milk after introducing the two day’s milk collecting system. Acta Agriculture Slovenica, 92:61-74.
Tsadkan Z. and Gurja. B (2018). Handling and utilization pattern of cattle milk production in northern Ethiopia. Africa journal of Agricultural research 13(34).
Yamane, T. 1967. Statistics, an Introductory Analysis, 2nd ed., New York: Harper and Row.
Kaps, M. & Lamberson. W. R. (2004). Biostatistics for Animal Science (1st Ed.) Zagreb, Croatia: CABI Publishing.
APHA (1992). Standard Method for the Examination of Dairy Products. 16th ed., American Public Health Association (APHA), Washington O'Mahony, F. (1988, March). Rural Dairy Technology: Experiences in Ethiopia (Vol. 4). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: ILCA (International Livestock Center for Africa).
Torkar, K. G. and Vengust, A. (2008). The presence of yeasts, molds and aflatoxin M1 in raw milk and cheese in Slovenia. Food Control 19:570-577.
Etifu Meranga M and Abu Kufa M (2019). Value chain and evaluation of milk quality in selected districts around Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Online J. Anim.Feed Res., 9(1): 01-12.
Asrat A, Ayele A. and Milkias K (2015). Dairy Cattle Production Systems in Humbo Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. J. Bio. Agri. and H. 5(13).
Mitiku, Mulu & Yesihak (2019). Milk Production, Marketing and Quality in Meta District of Eastern Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Science; 11(5); Canadian Center of Science and Education.
Duguma, B. (2022). Milk composition, traditional processing, marketing, and consumption among smallholder dairy farmers in selected towns of Jimma Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Food Science & Nutrition, 00, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.288.
Adebabay (2009). Characterization of milk production system marketing and on farm evaluation of effect of feed supplementation on milk yield and milk composition of Cows at Bure District, Ethiopia
Belete, A. (2006). Studies on cattle milk and meat production in fogera Woreda: production systems, constraints Opportunities for development (M.Sc. Thesis, Debub University, Awasa, Ethiopia).
Negash, F., Tadesse, E., & Woldu, T. (2012). Microbial quality and chemical composition of raw milk in the Mid-Rift Valley of Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(29), 4167-4170
Sintayehu Y., Fekadu B., Azage T. and Berhanu G. (2008). Dairy production, processing and marketing systems of Shashemene–Dilla area, South Ethiopia. IPMS (Improving Productivity and Market Success) of Ethiopian Farmers Project Working Paper 9. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya. PP: 62.
Lemma, F., Fekadu, B., & Hegde, P. B. (2005). Rural smallholder milk and milk products production, utilization and marketing systems in three districts of East Shoa Zone of Oromia. Proc. of the 12th Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP) (Vol. 2, pp. 29-37).
Mitiku E. Mekdes S. and Yesihak Y. M (2019). Milk production, marketing practices and qualities along milk supply chains of Haramaya District, Ethiopia. DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2019.14087
Tadesse, A., Galmessa, U., & Bekuma, A. (2020). Milk Handling, Processing Practices and Quality Evaluation. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 8(1), 56-74.
Tamime, A. (2009). Milk Processing and Quality management. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons.
Zerihun A and Getenesh T (2019). Physical Properties and Chemical Compositions of Raw Cow Milk in Milk Shades Around Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online)
FAOSTAT, (2009). FAO statistical yearbook. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Debela, T., Mitiku, E., & Alemayehu, R. (2015). Physico-chemical qualities of raw cow milk in Ethiopia: The case of Borana zone, Yabello District. Global Journal of Dairy Farming and Milk Production, 3(2), 088-091.
Gutema, A. (2022). Hygienic Milk Production, Milk Marketing and Milk Quality Evaluation in Urban and Peri-Urban of Sululta District, Ethiopia.
Dessalegn, G. (2018). Characterization of Dairy Cattle Husbandry Practice and Performance under Smallholder Systems and Analysis of Milk Value Chain and Quality in Bishoftu and Akaki Towns, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa University, PhD Dissertation.
Shimeles. B, (2016). Physicochemical properties and microbial quality of cow milk collected from selected sub city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture of Addis Ababa University, Animal Production Studies. Bishoftu, Ethiopia: A Thesis.
O’Connor, C.B. (1994). Rural dairy technology. ILRI training manual 1. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 133
Azeze, T., & Haji, B. (2015). Safety and Quality of Raw Cow Milk Collected from Producers and Consumers in Hawassa and Yirgalem areas, Southern Ethiopia. Assessment, 48, 63-72.
Negash, F., Tadesse, E., & Woldu, T. (2012). Microbial quality and chemical composition of raw milk in the Mid-Rift Valley of Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(29), 4167-4170.
Tamirat (2018). Microbiological Quality Analysis of Raw and Pasteurized Milk Samples Collected from Addis Ababa and Its Surrounding in Ethiopia. Journal of Approach in poultry and dairy and veterinary sciences.4 (5).
Amistu K, Degefa T, Melese A (2015). Assessment of raw milk microbi al quality at different critical points of Oromia to Milk Retail Centers in Addis Ababa. Food Science and Quality Management 38:1-9
Dehinenet, G., Mekonnen, H., Ashenafi, M., & Emmanuelle, G. (2013). Determinants of raw milk quality under a smallholder production system in selected areas of Amhara and Oromia National Regional States, Ethiopia. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 4(1), 84-90.
Asaminew, T, and Eyassu, S. (2011): Microbial quality of raw cow’s milk collected from farmers and dairy cooperatives in Bahir Dar Zuria and Mecha district, Ethiopia. Agriculture and Biology. J. North. Ameri, 2(1), Pp. 29-33
Zelalem Y and Faye B. (2006). Handling and microbial load of cow’s milk and ergo fermented milk collected from different shops and producers in central highlands of Ethiopia.
Kuffa (2016).value chain and quality of milk in sululta and welmera weredas, oromia special zone surrounding Addis Ababa, oromia, Ethiopia. A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Tropical Animal Health and Production
Tesfaye, T., Kebede, A., & Seifu, E. (2015). Physico Chemical Properties of Cow Milk Produced and Marketed in Dire Dawa Town, Eastern Ethiopia. Food Science and quality management, 42, 56-61. IDF, (International Dairy Federation). (1987). Milk and milk products. Enumeration of microorganisms. International Dairy Federation. IDF, 1-5
Quality Standard Authority Ethiopia (2009). Unprocessed Whole/Raw Cow Milk Specification (2nd ed., Vol. ES 3460:2009). Addis Ababa: Ethiopia, Quality and Standards Authority.
Korma, H., Ajebu, N., & Edessa, N. (2018). Microbiological quality and safety of milk production and marketing in Hawassa district, Ethiopia. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 12(25), 587-594
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ararsa Gutema
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
