Physical and Mental Health Effects of Characteristics of Caregivers and the Caregiving Situation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.97.10555Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of characteristics of caregivers and the caregiving situation on family caregivers’ physical/mental health, using the multiple regression analysis with the time-series and cross-sectional data from the 2015-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The regression results indicated that the caregiving role could increase the risk of developing physical/mental health problems. Importantly, this study revealed that the characteristics of caregivers and care recipients were significantly associated with caregivers’ physical/mental health outcomes. Especially the results showed that the caregiver support program was the most significant factor linked to caregivers’ physical/mental health. It pointed to the importance of caregiver education and support programs for family caregivers to cope with the stress from providing care or daily assistance. The results also pinpointed which area of support services for informal caregivers would be a priority to enhance. Thus, the public health policymakers should re-evaluate the current long-term care program to establish a more effective caregiving structure, especially caregiver education and support programs for family caregivers, to improve the informal caregivers’ quality of life.
References
Adelman, Ronald D.; Tmanova, Lyubov L.; Delgado, Diana; Dian, Sarah; and Lachs, Mark S. (2014). Caregiver Burden: a Clinical Review. Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 311 (10), pp. 1052-1060. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.304.
Abdullah, Lazim. (2014). Modeling of Health Related Quality of Life Using an Integrated Fuzzy Inference System and Linear Regression. Procedia Computer Science, Vol. 42, pp. 99-105. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2014.11.039.
Andreson, E. M.; Catlin, T. K.; Wyrwich, K. W.; and Jackson-Thompson, J. (2003). Retest Reliability of Surveillance Questions on Health Related Quality of Life. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 57 (5), 339-343. DOI: 10.1136/jech.57.5.339.
Arthur, Paul B. (2018). Informal Caregiving for Persons with Chronic Conditions: Trends and Considerations. Advances in Aging Research, Vol. 7, pp. 78-89. DOI: 10.4236/aar.2018.74007.
Brown, W. J.; Trost, S. G.; Bauman, A.; Munnery, k.; and Owen, N. (2004). Test-Retest Reliability of Four Physical Activity Measures Used in Population Surveys. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, Vol. 7 (2), pp. 205-215. DOI: 10.1016/s1440-2440(04)80010-0.
Cameron, Jill I.; Chu, Leslie M.; Matte, Andrea; Tomlinson, George; Chan, Linda; Thomas, Claire; Freiedrich, Jan O.; Mehta, Sangeeta; Lamontagn, Francois; Levasseur, Melanie; Ferguson, Niall D.; Adhikari, Neill K. J.; Rudkowski, Jill C.; Meggison, Hilary; Skrobik, Yoanna; Flannery, John; Bayley, Mark; Batt, Jane; dos Santos, Claudia; Abbey, Susan E.; Tan, Adrienne; Lo, Vincent; Mathur, Sunita; Parotto, Matteo; Morris, Denise; Flockhart, Linda; Fan, Eddy; Lee, Christie M.; Wilcox, Elizabeth; Ayas, Najib; Choong, Karen; Fowler, Robert; Scales, Damon C.; Sinuff, Tasnim; Cuthbertson, Brian H.; Rose, Louise; Robles, Priscila; Burns, Stacey; Cypel, Marcelo; Singer, Lianne; Chaparro, Cecilia; Chow, Chung-Wai; Keshavjee, Shaf; Brochard, Laurent; Hébert, Paul; Slutsky, Arthur S.; Marshall, John C.; Cook, Deborah; and Herridge, Margaret S. (2016). One-Year Outcomes in Caregivers of Critically Ill Patients. New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 374 (19), pp. 1831-1841. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1511160.
Chen, H. Y.; Baumgardner, D. J.; and Rice, J. P. (2011). Health-Related Quality of Life among Adults With Multiple Chronic Conditions in the United States, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2007. Preventing Chronic Disease, Vol. 8, pp. 1-9.
Clifford, E. L.; Collins, M. M.; Buckley, C. M.; Fitzgerald, A. P.; and Perry, I. J. (2013). Unhealthy Days and Quality of Life in Irish Patients with Diabetes. PLoS ONE, Vol. 8 (12): e81102. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081102.
Degu, Hiwot; Wondimagegnehu, Abigiya; Yifru, Yared Mamushet; and Belachew, Ayele. (2019). Is Health Related Quality of Life Influenced by Diabetic Neuropathic Pain among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, Vol. 14 (2): e0211449. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211449. del -Pino-Casado, Rafael; , Pedro A. Palomino-Moral, Pedro A.; del Mar Pastor-Bravo, Maria: and Frías-Osuna,
Antonio. (2017). Determinants of Depression in Primary Caregivers of Disabled Older Relatives: a Path Analysis. BMC Geriatrics, Vol. 17 (274). DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0667-1.
Do, Elizabeth K.; Cohen, Steven A.; and Brown, Monique J. (2014). Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Modify the Association between Informal Caregiving and Health in the Sandwich Generation. BMC Public Health, Vol. 14 (1): 362. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-362.
Evenson, K.R. and McGinn, A.P. (2005). Test-Retest Reliability of Adults Surveillance Measures for Physical Activity and Inactivity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Vol. 28 (5), pp. 470-478. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.005.
Fauth, Elizabeth; Hess, Kyle; Piercy, Kathy; Norton, Maria; Corcoran, Chris; Rabins, Peter; Lyketsos, Constantine; and Tschanz, JoAnn. (2012). Caregivers’ Relationship Closeness with the Person with Dementia Predicts Both Positive and Negative Outcomes for Caregivers’ Physical Health and Psychological Well-being. Aging & Mental Health, Vol. 16 (6), pp. 699–711. DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2012.678482. 137
Freedman, Vicki A. and Spillman, Brenda C. (2014). Disability and Care Needs among Older Americans. The Milbank Quarterly, Vol. 92 (3), pp. 509-541. DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12076.
Gandhi, P. K.; Gentry, W. M.; Kibert II, J. L.; Lee, E. Y.; Jordan, W.; Bottorff, M. B.; and Huang, I. C. (2015). The Relationship between Four Health-Related Quality-of-Life Indicators and Use of Mammography and Pap Test Screening in US Women. Quality of Life Research, Vol. 24 (9), pp. 2113-2128. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-0968-9.
Godfrey, Wesley B.; Yorgason, Jeremy B.; Zhang, Yue; Hicken, Bret L.; Chen, Wei; and Rupper, Randall W. (2018). Variability in Spousal Perceptions of Caregiving and Its Relationship to Older Caregiver Health Outcomes. Journal of General Internal Medicine, Vol. 33 (9), pp. 1504-1511. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-018-4408-8.
Goren, Amir; Montgomery, William; Kahle-Wrobleski, Kristin; Nakamura, Tomomi; and Ueda, Kaname. (2016). Impact of Caring for Persons with Alzheimer’s Disease or Dementia on Caregivers’ Health Outcomes: Findings from a Community Based Survey in Japan. BMC Geriatrics, Vol. 16 (1): 122. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0298-y.
He, Daifeng and Mchenry, Peter. (2016). Does Formal Employment Reduce Informal Caregiving? Health Economics, Vol. 25, pp. 829-843. DOI: 10.1002/hec.3185.
Hessel, Philipp. (2016). Does Retirement (Really) Lead to Worse Health among European Men and Women Across All Educational Levels? Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 151, Issue C, pp.19-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.12.018.
Horner, Elizabeth Mokyr and Cullen, Mark R. (2016). The Impact of Retirement on Health: Quasi-Experimental Methods Using Administrative Data. BMC Health Services Research, Vol. 16:68, pp.1-9. DOI 10.1186/s12913-016-
Janus, Alexander L and Doty, Pamela. (2018). Trends in Informal Care for Disabled Older Americans, 1982–2012. Gerontologist, Vol. 58 (5), pp. 863–871. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnx076.
Jia, H. and Lubetkin, E. I. (2009). Time Trends and Seasonal Patterns of Health-Related Quality of Life Among U.S. Adults. Public Health Report, Vol. 124, pp. 692-701. DOI: 10.1177/003335490912400511.
Kapp, J. M.; Jackson-Thompson, J.; Petroski, G. F.; and Schootman, M. (2009). Reliability of Health-Related Quality of Life Indicators in Cancer Survivors from a Population-Based Sample, 2005, BRFSS. Public Health, Vol. 123 (4), pp. 321-325. DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2008.10.005.
Kershaw, Trace; Ellis, Katrina R.; Yoon, Hyojin; Schafenacker, Ann; Katapodi, Maria; and Northouse, Laurel. (2015). The Interdependence of Advanced Cancer Patients’ and Their Family Caregivers’ Mental Health, Physical Health, and Self-Efficacy Over Time. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, Vol. 49 (6), pp. 901-911. DOI: 10.1007/s12160-015-9743-y.
Lund, Line; Ross, Lone; Petersen, Morten Aagaard; and Groenvold, Mogens. (2015). The Interaction between Informal Cancer Caregivers and Health Care Professionals: a Survey of Caregivers’ Experiences of Problems and Unmet Needs. Support Care Cancer, Vol. 23, pp. 1719–1733. DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2529-0.
Mahabaleshwarkar, R., Khanna, R., West Strum, D. & Yang, Y. (2013). Association between Health-Related Quality of Life and Colorectal Cancer Screening. Population Health Management, Vol. 16, pp. 178-189. DOI: 10.1089/pop.2012.0044.
Mesbah, Mounir. (2004). Measurement and Analysis of Health Related Quality of Life and Environment Data. Environmetrics, Vol. 15, pp. 471-481. DOI: 10.1002/env.680.
Montgomery, A.E.; Cutuli, J.J.; Evans-Chase, M.; Treglia, D.; and Culhane, D.P. (2013). Relationship among Adverse Childhood Experiences, History of Active Military Service, and Adult Outcomes: Homelessness, Mental Health, and Physical Health. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 103 (Suppl. 2), pp. S262-S268. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301474.
National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/2017/015.pdf.
Northouse, Laurel L.; Katapodi, Maria C.; Song, Lixin Song; Zhang, Lingling; and Mood, Darlene W. (2010). Interventions with Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Vol. 60 (5), pp. 317-339. DOI: 10.3322/caac.20081.
Son, C. (2021). Physical and Mental Health Effects of Characteristics of Caregivers and the Caregiving Situation. Archives of Business Research, 9(7).
Pendergrass, Anna; Malnis, Cintia; Graf, Uta; Engel, Sabine Enge; and Graessel, Elmar. (2018). Screening for Caregivers at Risk: Extended Validation of the Short Version of the Burden Scale for Family Caregivers (BSFC-s) with a Valid Classification System for Caregivers Caring for an Older Person at Home. BMC Health Services Research, Vol. 18 (1): 229. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3047-4.
Peng, Li-Min; Chiu, Yi-Chen; Liang, Jersey; and Chang, Ting Huan. (2018). Risky Wandering Behaviors of Persons with Dementia Predict Family Caregivers’ Health Outcomes. Aging & Mental Health, Vol. 22 (12), pp. 1650-1657. DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1387764.
Peterson, Kendra; Hahn, Howard; Lee, Amber J.; Madison, Catherine A.; and Atri Alireza. (2016). In the Information Age, Do Dementia Caregivers Get the Information They Need? Semi-Structured Interviews to Determine Informal Caregivers’ Education Needs, Barriers, and Preferences. BMC Geriatrics, Vol. 16 (1): 164. DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0338-7.
Piazza-Gardner, Anna K. and Barry, Adam E. (2012). Examining Physical Activity Levels and Alcohol Consumption: Are People Who Drink More Active? American journal of health promotion, Vol.26 (3), p.e95-e104. DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.100929-LIT-328.
Roth, David L.; Fredman, Lisa; and Haley, William E. (2015). Informal Caregiving and Its Impact on Health: A Reappraisal from Population-Based Studies. Gerontologist, Vol. 55 (2), pp. 309-319. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu177.
Santino, Chelsey; Zeeshan, Muhammad; Hamidi, Mohammad; Hanna, Kamil; Saljuqi, Abdul Tawab; Kulvatunyou, Narong; Haddadin, Zaid; Northcutt, Ashley; and Joseph, Bellal. (2019). Prospective Evaluation of Health-Related Quality of Life in Geriatric Trauma Patients. Surgery, Vol. 166 (3), pp. 403-4-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2019.04.031.
Shai, Ori. (2018). Is Retirement Good for Men’s health? Evidence Using a Change in the Retirement Age in Israel. Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 57, pp.15-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.10.008.
Siddiqui, Salma and Khalid, Javeria. (2019). Determining the Caregivers’ Burden in Caregivers of Patients with Mental Illness. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 35 (5), pp. 1329-1333. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.35.5.720.
Simms, K.; Hacker, D.S.; Parker, A.J.; Figuereo, M.E.; and Bock, S. (2013). Do Past or Present Adverse Relationship Experiences Have Greater Impact on Mental and Physical Health? Advances in Mental Health, Vol. 11(2), pp. 122-130. https://doi.org/10.5172/jamh.2013.11.2.122.
Son, Chong-Hwan. (2020). The Effects of Retirement on Health-Related Quality of Life of Retirement-Aged Adults for Four Marital Status Subgroups. International Journal of Economic Sciences, Vol. IX (1), pp. 179-201. DOI: 10.20472/ES.2020.9.1.010.
Son, Chong-Hwan. (2018). Health-Related Quality of Life in Consequences from Frequency-Quantity Measures of Alcohol Consumption Patterns. International Journal of Happiness and Development, Vol. 4 (3), pp.236-260. DOI: 10.1504/IJHD.2018.093729.
Son, Chong-Hwan. (2016). The Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Self-Reported Physical and Mental Health Outcomes in Adulthood. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, Vol. 8 (3), pp.101-114. DOI: 10.22610/jebs.v8i3(J).1292.
Son, C.H. and Lee, D.H. (2014). The Effects of Alcohol Consumption Patterns on Cardiovascular Disease: An Empirical Study with Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Data. The Empirical Economics Letters, Vol. 13 (7), pp. 723-730.
Zhu, Rong. (2016). Retirement and Its Consequences for Women’s Health in Australia. Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 163 (Aug.), pp.117-125. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.003.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Chong-Hwan Son
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
