Effects of Covid-19 Pandemy Over Maritime Transport: An Evaluation of Supply-demand Balance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.812.9498Keywords:
Covid 19, maritime transport, supply-demand equilibrium, freight marketAbstract
This research aims to examine the covid-19 pandemic measurements taken in maritime transport and their possible effects on the supply-demand equilibrium and consequently on the freight market. Covid-19 virus which infected quite large geographic area and people within very short time affects negatively not only every part of our life but also the production and service sector within the globalised world. This is mainly because the future tendency and further effects of this virus are unpredictable. Because of that, most countries are focused firstly on measurements to be taken to reduce the spreading speed of the virus. Although measurements and restrictions seem reduced spreading speed in some countries in short term, those measurements increase the operating costs of production and service companies. On the one hand reduction on cargo movements due to low demand and increasing operation cost due to measurements, have effected the supply-demand equilibrium of maritime transportation. This research examined the effects of already taken and could be revised measurements due to the present situation and possible future tendency of covid-19, and its consequential results on the freight market.
References
Akkartal, G.R., Akkartal, E., Yıldırım, C.(2019), The Management of Innovation in supply Chain, Euraian Business and Economics Journal,17(4), 43-52, (http://busecon.eurasianacademy.org)http://dx.doi.org/10.17740/eas.econ.2019.V17-04
Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. (2020, June 09). Seafarers "forced" to work with expired contract as govts. demand supplies close borders amid COVID-19 pandemic. The USA. Retrieved from https://www.businesshumanrights.org/en/latest-news/seafarers-forced-to-work-with-expired-contracts-as-govts-demand-supplies-closeborders-amid-covid-19-pandemic/Carol M. Kopp. (2020, October 2020). Baltic Dry Index (BDI). Retrieved November 14, 2020, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/baltic_dry_index.asp
Chambers, S. (2020, May 5). Seafarers poll reveals dread, fatigue and burn out onboard during the Covid-19 pandemic. Hong Kong. Retrieved November 13, 2020, from https://splash247.com/seafarers-poll-reveals-dreadfatigue-and-burn-out-onboard-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/Conrad, J. (2020, June 04). SINGAPORE MARITIME AND PORT AUTHORITY ISSUES GUIDELINES FOR CREW CHANGE.
Copenhagen, Denmark: BIMCO. Retrieved November 13, 2020, from https://www.bimco.org/news/prioritynews/20200604-singapore-crew-change-guidelines
Deepak, N. (2006). Globalisation, History and Development: a tale of two centuries. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 30(1), 137-159. doi:10.1093/cje/bei090
Doumbia-Henry, C. (2020). Shipping and COVID-19: protecting seafarers as frontline workers. Journal of Maritime Affairs, 19, 279-293. doi:10.1007/s13437-020-00217-9
Global Maritime Issues Monitor. (2020). Critical Issues facing the maritime industry. The Global Maritime Forum , Marsh & The International Union of Marine Insurance ( IUMI). Retrieved October 30, 2020, from https://safety4sea.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GMF-Global-Maritime-Issues-Monitor-2020-2020_10.pdf
Hoffmann, J., & Hoffmann, J. (2020, August 10). Ports in the global liner shipping network: Understanding their position, connectivity, and changes over time. UNCTAD Transport and Trade Facilitation Newsletter, Third Quarter 2020. (UNCTAD, Compiler) Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved October 30, 2020, from https://unctad.org/news/portsglobal-liner-shipping-network-understanding-their-position-connectivity-and-changes-over
Hopkins, A. G. (2002). GLOBALIZATION IN WORLD HISTORY. London: Pimlico. 95
Ivanov, D., & Dolgui, A. (2020). Viability of interwind supply networks: extending the supply chain resilience angles towards survivability.A position paper motivated by COVID-19outbreak. International Journal of Production Research, 58(10), 2904-2915. doi:10.1080/00207543.2020.1750727
Karaoğlu, Ömer. (2020). Salgınların İktisat Tarihi. In D. Demirbaş, V. Bozkurt, & S. Yorğun, COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNİN EKONOMİK, TOPLUMSAL VE SİYASAL ETKİLERi (pp. 1-24). Istanbul: Istanbul Üniversitesi Yayınevi. doi:10.26650/B/SS46.2020.005.01
Lloyd's Register. (2020, May 11). Owners look to lay-up as they navigate COVID-19 trade declines. London, UK. Retrieved November 15, 2020, from https://www.lr.org/en/insights/articles/owners-look-to-lay-up-as-theynavigate-covid-19-trade-declines/Marine Traffic. (2020, May 08). Retrieved May 08, 2020, from http://www.marinetraffic.com
McCulloch, E. (2020, July 23). New BIMCO clause to permit deviation for crew change. (W. P. Club, Ed.) London, UK. Retrieved November 13, 2020, from https://www.westpandi.com/publications/news/archive/new-bimco-clauseto-permit-deviation-for-crew-chan/POLITICO. (2020, October 30). Europ's country-by-country travel restrictions explained. Retrieved November 10, 2020, from https://www.politico.eu/article/coronavirus-travel-europe-country-by-country-travel-restrictionsexplained-summer-2020/R. Yakoub, A., & El-Zomor, M. (2020, April 6). Would COVID-19 Be the Turning Point in History for the Globalization Era? The Short-Term and Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Globalization. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3570142
SAFETY4SEA. (2020, April 06). COVID-19 impacts fleet development and demand. Retrieved November 15, 2020, from https://safety4sea.com/covid-19-impacts-fleet-development-and-demand/Scerra, M. (2020, July 17). Monthly commercial fleet demolition activity worldwide from January 2019 to March 2020, by vessel type. (Statista, Ed.) The UK. Retrieved November 15, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1129080/commercial-fleet-monthly-demolition-worldwide/Şişmanyazıcı, H. (2020, April 17). Gemiyi Laid Up Yapma Kararı ve Yöntemleri. Kaptan Haber. Retrieved November 14, 2020, from https://www.kaptanhaber.com/yazarlar/harun-sismanyazici/gemiyi-laid-up-yapma-karari-veyontemleri/101116/Srinivasan, A. (2020, April 29). COVID-19 AFFECTING NEW INVENTORY OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS IN DECEMBER. (BIMCO, Ed.) COPENHAGEN, DENMARK. Retrieved November 13, 2020, from https://www.bimco.org/news/environment-protection/20200429-hazardous-materials-requirements
Stopford, M. (1995). Maritime Economics. London, UK: Routledge.
Trading Economics. (2020, November 14). Baltic Exchange Dry Index. the USA. Retrieved from https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/baltic
Tvedt, J. (2019, December). Transport Services and the valuation of flexibility over business cycles. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 130, 517-528. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2019.09.057
UNCTAD. (2018). Review of Maritime Transport 2018. UN. New York and Geneva: UNCTAD. Retrieved October 30, 2020, from https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2018_en.pdf
UNCTAD. (2020, May 13). COVID-19 triggers marked decline in global trade, new data shows. (T. C. (CCSA), Ed.)
Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from https://unctad.org/news/covid-19-triggers-markeddecline-global-trade-new-data-shows
UNCTAD. (2020, June 10). Keep ships moving, ports open and trade flowing, urge UN entities. Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from https://unctad.org/news/keep-ships-moving-ports-open-and-trade-flowingurge-un-entities
UNCTAD. (2020). Review of Maritime Transport 2020. UN. Geneva: UNCTAD. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2020_en.pdf 96
World Health Organisation. (2020). Operational Considerations for managing COVID-19 cases and outbreaks on board ships: interim guidance, 24 February 2020. WHO/2019-nCov/IHR_Ship_outbreak/2020.1. Geneva: World Health Organisation. Retrieved November 10, 2020, from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331164
Worldometer. (2020, OCTOBER 28). Retrieved October 28, 2020, from COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC: http://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus
WTO. (2020). World Trade Statistical Review 2020. Geneva: World Trade Organization. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2020_e/wts2020_e.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Murat Danisman, Erkut Akkartal

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.