Value, Growth and Divergence of Opinion in Emerging Markets: Chinese Evidence

Authors

  • Man Li
  • Mike Dempsey

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.55.3064

Abstract

The issue of whether value stocks outperform growth stocks as predicted by the Fama and French three-factor model is of continuing interest and debate. In this paper, we examine (a) whether value stocks outperform growth stocks in a developing market (the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges in their formative years) and (b) whether such outperformance can be attributed to a risk factor as captured by analysts’ divergence of opinion. We establish two major findings. First, we show that book-to-market, sales-to-price, earnings-to-price, and cash-flow-to-price are significant in explaining expected returns for Chinese equities, and thus conclude that value stocks generate returns superior to growth stocks. Our second major finding is that the superior performance of value stocks is related positively to investor uncertainty as proxied by their divergence of opinion. 

References

Ackert, L.F., Athanassakos, G., 1997. Prior uncertainty, analyst bias and subsequent abnormal returns. Journal of Financial Research 20, 263-273.

Barbee, W.C., Mukherji, S., Raines, G., 1996. Do sales-price and debt-equity explain stock returns better than bookmarket and firm size? Financial Analysts Journal 52, 56–60.

Beltratti, A., Bortolotti, B., 2006. The non-tradable share reform in the Chinese stock market. Working paper, University of Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Italy.

Black, F., 1993. Beta and return. Journal of Portfolio Management 20, 8–18.

Berkman, H., Dimitrov, V., Jain, P.C., Koch, P.D., Tice, S., 2009. Sell on the news: Difference of opinion, short-sales constraints and returns around earnings announcements. Journal of Financial Economics 92, 376-399.

Carhart, M., 1997. On persistence in mutual fund performance. Journal of Finance 52, 57-82.

Chan, L., Hamao,Y., Lakonishok,J.,1991. Fundamentals and stock returns in Japan. Journal of Finance 46, 1739–1789.

Chan, H.W.H., Faff, R.W., 2003. An investigation into the role of liquidity in asset pricing: Australian evidence. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 11, 555-572.

Chang, E.C., Cheng, J.W., Yu, Y., 2007. Short-sales constraints and price discovery: Evidence from the Hong Kong market. Journal of Finance 62, 2097-2122.

Connor, G., Korajczyk, R.A., 1988. Risk and return in an equilibrium APT. Journal of Financial Economics 21, 255-289.

Davis, J., 1994. The cross-section of realized stock returns: the pre-Compustat evidence. Journal of Finance 49, 1579–1593.

Diether, K.B., Malloy, C.J., Scherbina, A., 2002. Differences of opinion and the cross section of stock returns. Journal of Finance 57, 2113-2141.

Diamond, D., Verrecchia, R., 1987. Constraints on short-selling and asset price adjustment to private information. Journal of Financial Economics 18, 277-311.

Doukas, J.A., Kim, C., Pantzalis, C., 2002. A test of the error-in-expectations explanation of the value/glamour stock returns performance: Evidence from analysts’ forecasts. Journal of Finance 57, 2143-2165.

Doukas, J.A., Kim, C., Pantzalis, C., 2004. Divergent opinions and the performance of value stocks. Financial Analysts Journal 60, 55-64.

Doukas, J.A., Kim, C., Pantzalis, C., 2006a. Divergence of opinion and equity returns. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 41, 573-606.

Doukas, J.A., Kim, C., Pantzalis, C., 2006b. Divergence of opinion and equity returns under different states of earnings expectations. Journal of Financial Markets 9, 310-331.

Drew, M.E., Naughton, T., Veeraraghavan, M., 2003. Firm size, book to market equity and security returns: evidence from the Shanghai Stock Exchange. Australian Journal of Management 28, 119–140.

Eun, C.S., Huang, W., 2007. Asset pricing in China's domestic stock markets: is there a logic? Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 15, 434–451.

Faff, R.W., 1992. A multivariate test of an equilibrium APT with time varying risk premia in the Australian equity market. Australian Journal of Management 17, 233-258.

Faff, R.W., 2001. An examination of the Fama and French three-factor model using commercially available factors. Australian Journal of Management 26, 1-12.

Fama, E.F., French, K.R., 1992. The cross-section of expected stock returns. Journal of Finance 47, 427–465.

Fama, E.F., French, K.R., 1993. Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. Journal of Financial Economics 33, 3–56.

Fama, E.F., French, K.R., 1996. Multifactor explanations of asset pricing anomalies. Journal of Finance 51, 55-84.

Fama, E.F., French, K.R., 1998. Value versus growth: the international evidence. Journal of Finance 53, 1975–2000.

Garfinkel, J.A., Sokobin, J., 2006. Volume, opinion divergence and returns: A study of post-earnings announcement drift. Journal of Accounting Research 44, 85-112.

Gharghori,P., Stryjkowski, S., Veeraraghavan, M., 2012. Value Versus Growth: Australian Evidence. Accounting and Finance 53, 393-417.

Gharghori,P., See, Q., Veeraraghavan, M., 2011. Difference of Opinion and the Cross-section of equity returns: Australian evidence,.Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 19, 435-446..

Hintikka, M., 2008. Market reactions to differences of opinion. Working Paper, The Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration.

Kang, J., Liu, M., Ni, X.S., 2002. Contrarian and momentum strategies in the China stock market: 1993–2000. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 10, 243–265.

Kothari, S.P., Shanken, J., Sloan, R.G., 1995. Another look at the cross-section of expected stock returns. Journal of Finance 50, 185–224.

Kwag, S.W., Lee, S.W., 2006. Value investing and the business cycle. Journal of Financial Planning 19, 425–442.

Lakonishok, J., Shleifer, A., Vishny,R.W., 1994. Contrarian investment, extrapolation, and risk. Journal of Finance 49. 1541–1578.

La Porta, R., 1996. Expectations and the cross-section of stock returns. Journal of Finance 51, 1715-1742.

La Porta, R., Lakonishok, J., Shleifer, A., Vishny, R., 1997. Good news for value stocks: further evidence on market efficiency. Journal of Finance 52, 859-874.

Leippold, M., Lohre, H., 2008. The dispersion effect in international stock returns, Working Paper, Imperial College, London.

Leledakis, G., Davidson, I., 2001. Are two factors enough? The UK evidence. Financial Analysts Journal 57, 96–105.

Li, G., 2008. China’s stock market:inefficiencies and institutional implications. China & World Economy 16, 81-96.

Ma, S., Faff, R., 2007. Market conditions and the optimal IPO allocation mechanism in China. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 15, 121–139.

MacKinlay, A.C., 1995. Multifactor models do not explain deviations from CAPM. Journal of Financial Economics 38, 3–28.

Miller, E.M., 1977. Risk, uncertainty, and divergence of opinion. Journal of Finance 32, 1151-1168.

Ng, L., Wu, F., 2006. Revealed stock preferences of individual investors: evidence from Chinese equity markets. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 14, 175–192.

Ng, L., Wu, F., 2007. The trading behavior of institutions and individuals in Chinese equity markets. Journal of Banking & Finance 31, 2695–2710.

Poon, W., Firth, M., Fung, H., 1998. Asset pricing in segmented capital markets: Preliminary evidence from Chinadomiciled companies. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 6, 307–319.

Sun, Q., Chong, T., 2007. Determining the contributions to price discovery for Chinese cross-listed stocks. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 15, 140–153.

Sun, Q., Tong, W.H.S., 2003. China share issue privatization: the extent of its success. Journal of Financial Economics 70, 183–222.

Varian, H.R., 1985. Divergence of opinion in complete markets: A note. Journal of Finance 40, 309-317.

Wang, Y., Di Iorio, A.D., 2007. The cross section of expected stock returns in the Chinese A-share market. Global Finance Journal 17, 335–349.

Williams, J.T. 1977. Capital Asset Prices with Heterogeneous Beliefs. Journal of Financial Economics5, 219–239

Downloads

Published

2017-05-29

How to Cite

Li, M., & Dempsey, M. (2017). Value, Growth and Divergence of Opinion in Emerging Markets: Chinese Evidence. Archives of Business Research, 5(5), 72–93. https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.55.3064