Rationale for Crime and Cybercrime Perpetuators in Edo State Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.127.17355Keywords:
Fraud triangle theory, cybercrime, criminals, regulatory and prosecuting bodies, investors, fraudstersAbstract
The paper examined the rationale for crime and cybercrime perpetuators in Edo state, Nigeria. The population of the study comprised of six (06) correctional centers in Edo State. But, was limited to inmates convicted of cybercrime in the Oko correctional center, Benin City. As a result of the prison break that occurred in August 2020. The simple random sampling techniques and the Taro Yamane formular was used to derive the sample size of 148 respondents. Primary data was sourced and used. While, the two-way factor anova analytical tool was used for the analysis. Findings of the study revealed among others that, opportunity has a positive and significant relationship with cybercrime in Edo state. Incentives has a positive and significant relationship with cybercrime in Edo state and rationalization has a positive and significant relationship with cybercrime in Edo state. The study concluded that cybercrime is an activity that can be detrimental to the financial activities of an organization and the society at large. Based on the results, the study recommends that the avenue that has been created as a result of loopholes embedded in the different dynamics of the legal society should be properly investigated and blocked by the relevant regulatory and prosecuting bodies in order to reduce the occurrence of cybercrime. The Government should make the society enabling for investors, which could provide jobs for thousand other individuals, which could reduce the number of youths and individuals that are lured into cybercrime as a result of the incentives and benefits it brings. Lastly, there should be frequent awareness and lectures by regulatory and security agencies on the dangers of cybercrime effect on business organizations and the society at large.
References
Abdullahi, R. & Mansor, N. (2015). Concomitant debacle of fraud Incidences in the Nigerian public sector: Understanding the power of fraud triangle theory. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 7(9), 312-326.
Adil, G., Ganaie, V, & Kamaiah, D. (2019). Corporate fraud detection reporting: A study in disingenuity? Journal of Business Ethics, 87(1), 279–288.
Agbonifoh, B. A. & Yomere, G. O. (2001). Research Methodology in the Social Sciences and Education second edition.
Agundu, A, S & Siyabola, T.J. (2017). Fraud management and investigations through related party transactions: Evidence from Nigeria. EFA 2003 Annual Conference, Paper No.549.
Akonji, S. (2018). Detection of fraud: New York: McGraw-Hill. 37. Vona, I. W. (2008). Fraud risk assessment: Building a fraud audit programme: Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.
Akpa, D. L. (2018). Fraud triangle theoretical concept and its impact on the health of an organization. Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research. 1(5), 25-28.
Albrect, D. (2015). Detecting financial statement fraud. Retrieved: 2 August 2014 from http: www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/FIDSFI Detecting Financial Statement Fraud.pdf/$FILE/FIDSFI_detectingFinanceStatementFraud.pdf.
Alodaynic, A. R., & Bien, S. (2016). The eradication of societal fraud in France. Critical Perspectives on Fraud, 22(8), 654–667.
Asika, N. (2005). Research methodology in the behavioral sciences in the Behavioral sciences.
Asikov, G. (2020). An evaluation of cyber space theory and information. Journal of Accounting Research, 40(4),
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (2010). Report to the nation on occupational fraud. Retrieved May 26, 2014 from, https://acfe.com/ documents/2010RttN.pdf
Augson C. M. (2019). The diamond triangle theory and financial fraud: A lesson in the 21st century. Journal of External Audit, 7(9), 45-56.
Awode, J, T & Akpa, C. K (2018). Principles of fraud examination. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Ayinde, R. (2015). The fraud factors. International Journal of Management and Administrative Sciences (IJMAS) (ISSN: 2225-7225), 8(23), 41-56.
Beasley, M. F. (2019). Decomposition of fraud-risk assessments and investigators’ Sensitivity to fraud cues. Contemporary Accounting Research, 21(3), 719-745.
Benyon, D. (2016). Fraud risk evaluation: Building a fraud audit programme: Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.
Bernelli, T. A. (2011). Anti-fraud education in academia. Advances in Accounting Education: Teaching and Curriculum Innovations, 54(34), 45-67.
Billish, G. (2019). A re-examination of corporate fraud and the expected cost of equity capital. Journal of Accounting Research, 40(67), 21-40.
Binson, K, Lekpos, D, Resin, U, & Canfil, O. (2013). Sustainability of the detection of fraud reports as simulacra? A counter-account of a and a+ grireports. Auditing & Accountability Journal, 26(7), 1036-1071
Blavil, P. D. (2006). Potential red flags and fraud detection techniques: A guide to cybercrime investigation, First Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New Jersey. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 5(4), 38–45, © 2015 HRMARS 45
Blies, N. (2019). Cybercrime in accounting and its implications: The concept of fraud literature. The American Journal of forensic accounting. 1(5):25-28.
Blueson, S. (2020). Forensic accounting and cybercrime: Reports, and feedbacks. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Bonren, F. C. (2021). The Impact Of cybercrime on societal functions’ International Journal of computer studies. 7(23), 32-44
Bousinka, D. R. (2021). Other people’s money. Montclair, NJ: Patterson Smith, 4(5).1-300.
Bowson, M. (2020). Are female CFOs involved in fraud? Evidence from the corporate space. Bank of Finland Research Discussion Papers.
Braimoh, L. M. (2018). A practical approach to fraud risk: Internal investigators.
Brinson, A, (2019). The impact of government and foreign affiliate influence on fraud eradication: The case of Nigeria. Managerial Journal, 23(4), 386-404.
Brui, P. (2019). Rational thinking and the concept of fraud. Corporate ethics. edited by Wolfgang Schön. Berlin: Springer
Cohen I. (2020), Regulatory and institutional challenges of fraud in Nigeria post consolidation. Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG) Economic Indicators, April-June, Vol. 12, No 2
Colerdan, A. (2019). An analysis of fraud and societal values. American Charter of Economics and Finance, 5(34),
Collson, N. S. (2020). Fraud eradication reporting: Nigerian evidence. Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference.
Contreuu, J., & Glover, L. (2016). Transformational research of the fraud triangle, ISSN Vol. 92(4) EKONOMICA, 3(8), 150-163.
Cresane, S. (2020). Detecting fraud as a performance measure: The effects of rationalization on fraudulent activities. Contemporary security Research, 26(1)32-34
Dankari, S, U. (2021). An assessment of fraud diamond and internet fraud in Turkey, Journal of Forensic accounting and auditing. 51(7) 34-38.
Dong, Z &Suiol, J. (2020). Determinants of fraud diamond and cyber fraud in South Korea. International Journal of Accounting, 11(1), 69-90.
Duffield, M., & Grabosky, C. (2013). Effects of societal components on cyber fraud risks in Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences, 1 (3), 469-480.
Eva, J, T & Udoayard (2012). Internet fraud handbook: Prevention and Detection: 3rd Edition: Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Fatoki, F. (2013). Fraud diamond risk indicator: An assessment of its importance and usage, International Conference on Science and Social Research (CSSR 2010), Botswana, 4(5), 607-612.
Fazli, D, Mohd, G, & Muhammed, I. (2014). Security experts' perception of fraud risk indicators: Malaysian Evidence. Managerial Auditing Journal, 1(9), 73-85.
Fregie, F.C. (2019). The impact of internal control design on security agency’ Ability to investigate fraud, and fraud detection in Nigeria International Journal of Research in Economics & Social Sciences. 5(56), 32-44
Froden, V, C. (2019). Principles of fraud examination. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Helinski, T. J. (2017). Security management and tunneling through related party transactions: Evidence from security groups. EFA 2003 Annual Conference, Paper No.549.
Hermanson, N. (2004). Cybercrime in Accounting. The impact of fraud diamond theory. The American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences. 1(5):186-192.
Hooper, A. J. (2010). Fraud auditing and forensic investigations, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New Jersey.
Hooper, D. N &Pornelli, D, S. (2013). Effects of societal growth on occupational fraud risks in Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences and Entrepreneurship, 1 (3), 469-480.
Husenor, A & Klamm, Z. (2012). An analysis of fraud in Bristol. American Charter of Economics and Finance, 5(32), 60-73.
Ihenacho, M. F. (2015). Decomposition of fraud-Risk assessments and auditors’ Sensitivity to fraud cues. Contemporary Accounting Research, 21(3), 719-745.
Juilinsky, D. & Beeschenko J, L. (2021). Fraud diamond concepts and cyber fraud. Ukraine sub-national research on Forensic management Research Workshop.
Julius C. (2021). Individual’ perceptions on fraud detection and prevention methods. Journal of ethics. 4(21), 520-
Kairo, J. (2017). Corporate fraud Reporting. (New York /Quorum Books).
Kandil, B, Markorvski, G, & Jianskankah, G. (2018). Corporate fraud detection: Does the level of fraud detection depend on economic factors. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu.
Kelly, B. O, & Hartley, F. M. D. (2010). Fraud diamond risk indicator: An assessment of its importance and usage. International Conference on Science and Social Research (CSSR 2010), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 4(32), 607-612.
Kelly, G, & Hartley, H., (2010). Components in fraud and its detection: A global perspective. Information technology.Journal of Societal Ethics, 5(12), 43-54.
Khandelwal, B. (2015). Do managers economically rely on fraud, Working Paper, Oklahoma State University?
Klose, D. R. (2021). The fraud diamond and its impact on cyber and corporate fraud. The CPA Journal, 74 (12),
Kodak, H. (2019). The new fraud triangle, Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, Vol. 3(3): Retrieved from google.com July 13, 2014.
Landry T. A. (20013). Anti-fraud enlightenment. Advances in fraud literature: Teaching and Curriculum Innovations, 4(8), 45-67. Lannis, M, & Richardson (2012). Organized frauds and organizing frauds: unpacking the research on networks and organization. Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice,4 (7), 389-419.
Manurung D. T. H., & Hadian, N. (2013). Detection of fraud of financial statement with fraud triangle. Proceedings of the 23rd International Business Research Conference, 6(29), 18-20. Marriott Hotel, Melbourne, Australia, ISBN: 978-1-922069-36-8.
Martenelli, R. (2016). Raise the red flag: Internal investigator, October: 47-51.
Ming, Y. Wong, D. (2003). The fraud Factors. International Journal of Management and Administrative Sciences (IJMAS) (ISSN: 2225-7225) Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 01-05.
Murdock, H. (2008). The three Dimensions of fraud: Internal Auditors. Retrieved on June 22, 2014 from www.emerald.com.
Njoku F. R. (2004). The fraud diamond: Examining the four elements of fraud. The CPA Journal, 74 (12), 38-42.
Ogbeide, I. (2017). Individual perception of fraud risk indicators: Nigeria evidence. Managerial Journal, 1(34), 73-
Olayungbo, V, & Olayemi, B. (2018). Corporate fraud handbook: Prevention and detection: 3rd Edition: Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Omer, L. (2013). Transformational research of the fraud triangle, ISSN Vol. 92(4) Ekonomica, 4(21), 123-133.
Oyinola, C. U & Akinnibosun, A. A. (2013). Cybercrime and the fraud motivation components. JORIND 15(1), 32-
Parker, L. (2018). Qualitative perspectives through a methodological lens. Qualitative Research in Accounting and Management, 11(1), 43-58.
Priskas, J. L. (2015). Fraud risk formulas for investigating cyber fraud. Australian national university business and information management auditing research workshop and from Gary Monroe, 3(12), 1-48
Radish, B. (2021). Cyberspace dynamics and the essentials of the internet, editorial essay. Rahungis, N. (2017). Detecting fraud and the fraud triangle. Proceedings of the 23rd international business research conference, 4(32), 18-20, Manila conference, Philippine ISBN: 978-1-922069-36-8.
Rasha, C, A. & Andrew B.M. (2012). Casino gambling and workplace fraud: a cautionary tale for managers. Management Research Review, 4(23), 224-239.
Ratchili, R. C. (2018). Forensics and cybercrime investigation. Advances in accounting education: Journal of Forensic Accounting, 4(23), 193-231.
Razagli, (2019). Current trends in fraud and its detection: A global perspective. Information Security Journal.Retrieved from www.ebscohost.com on 11th June, 2014.
Renselaar, L. M. (2016). A Practical approach to cyber fraud, 7(34), 334-330
Resdei R. J. (2019). Fraud diamond factors and the existence of fraudulent financial dealings: Evaluations from the framework on ethical standards No. 43, working paper.
Rabiot, R., (2020). Attributes of fraud triangle and cyber fraud: Empirical study of France. Journal of forensic accounting. 65(3), 43-56.
Robin, D. R. (2020). The fraud diamond: Considering four elements of fraud. The CPA Journal, 74 (12), 38-42.
Rovil, J. F. (2021). The new fraud diamond model - How can it help forensic accountants in fraud investigation in Nigeria? European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research, 4(45), 129-138,
Sari G, &Tjen, R. (2016). Posting the relevant fraudulent issues: Internal investigations, October: 47-51.
Sarkin, D. (2021). Rationalization as a component of fraud triangle and its impact in the Cyberspace, Journal of Forensic Accounting 26(1)32-34
Serlic, R. (2010). Beyond the fraud triangle: The CPA Journal, 80(7), 17-23.
Sidoha, R. & Ranjendey, K. (2019). Characteristics of fraud triangle and cybercrime investigation. Advances in accounting principles: Journal of Accounting and Forensics, 4(56), 193-231.
Stiles, A. J. (2018). Fraud investigation and cyber issues, 3rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New Jersey.
Subramina C. M. (2008). Deterring and detecting financial fraud: A platform for action. http://www.thecaq.org/docs/reports-and-publications/deterring-and-detecting financial-reportingfraud-aplatform-for-action.pdf? Retrieved on 2 August 2014.
Sutehrland R. J. (2019). Fraud risk factors and the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting: Evidence from statement on ethical standards No. 43 in Taiwan, Working paper.
Udofa, Z & Godson, J. (2016). Determinants of fraud in Nigeria. International Journal of accounting, 11(1), 69-90.
Umobong, & Aburuga J, L. (2018). Fraud risk concerning information technology. Nigeria National University Business and Information Management Research Workshop. 4(32), 1-48
Vance, S. (1983). Security agencies leadership and cybercrime leadership: Boards, directors and strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Volinas, M. Z., (2016). Fraud risk factors of fraud triangle and the likelihood of fraud occurrence: Evidence from Malaysia. Information Management and Business, 34(3), 1-7, (ISSN 2220-3796).
Voulan, D. (2021). Fraud theory: Cybercrime issues: contemporary issues of the internet: Hosan and sons publishing.
Walton, H and Blinken K. (2019). The fraud triangle characteristics and different types of fraud. Journal of Forensic Accounting and Management Sciences, Vol. 3(3).
Watskin, C. T. (2019), Exploring a new element of fraud: A study on selected cyber accounting fraud cases in the World. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 4(34),112-121.
Watson, N. (2015), Quality of security agencies: moderating effect on societal justice and cyber fraud. Managerial Journal, 23(2), 104- 124.
Wilks, B. and Zimbelma, N. (2004). Cybercrime in accounting and fraud risk factors: The influence of fraud diamond theory. The American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences. 1(5):186-192.
Wilson, D. (2017). Report on occupational fraud. Retrieved May 26, 2014, https://acfe.com/documents/2010RttN.pdf
Wilson, I. (2007), Regulatory and institutional challenges of corporate governance in Nigeria post consolidation. Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG) Economic Indicators, April-June, Vol. 12,
Wilson, N. (2008), Quality of internal investigation procedures: Antecedents and moderating effect on organisational justice and societal fraud. Managerial Auditing Journal, 23(2), 104- 124.
Wolfe, M &Hermanson, D. (2004). Organized frauds and organizing frauds: unpacking the research on networks and organization. Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, (7), 389-419.
Xu, A. R &Xie (2018). A study of social disclosures on fraud in Bangladesh. Societal Auditing Journal, 16(5): 274-
Yakarov, H. (2018). The New fraud triangle, Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 4(45), 43-45. Retrieved from google.com July 13, 2014.
Yeris P. (2020). The psychology of fraud. Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice. Nigeria Institute of Criminology, Canberra.
Zao I. (2021). Challenges of fraud and its impact on cybercrime. Asian Economic Summit Group.4 (34), 34-45.
Zaros, H. (2019). The four dimensions of fraud: Internal and external investigators. Retrieved on June 22, 2014 from www.emerald.com.
Zhang, R. C. (2016). Cyber fraud andit’s concept: Journal of Auditing, 5(45), 193-231.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Rosemary Obiageli Obasi, Joy Omeghie Osemwegie-Ero, Felix Erhinyoja Erhirhie, Beauty E. Jackson-Akhigbe , Lovy Omotie-Ivie Atarere , Osasenaga Gift Ikponmwoba
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
