Demographic Differences in Emotional Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Country Lockdown: A Cross-sectional Survey of Household Members in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Authors

  • Patricia Chinma Ngwakwe Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  • Margret Ndidiamaka Anugwo Department of Science Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  • Nwamaka Agbe Elom Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  • James Ekuma Ogbu Department of Technical and Vocational Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  • Rita Ngozika Ojide Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Madonna University, Elele Campus, Rivers State, Nigeria
  • Deborah Nnebuife Alegu Department of Nursing Science, David Nweze Umahi University of Medical Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
  • Christian Ikechukwu Ogah Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  • Ignatius Obilor Nwimo Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.123.16666

Keywords:

COVID-19, pandemic, lockdown, household members, Nigeria

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic and country lockdown could negatively impact on the emotions of several household members. Using cross-sectional the study investigated demographic differences on emotional impact of COVID-19 pandemic and country lockdown of 392 household members. The instrument (α = 0.73) used for data collection was a 15-item structured emotional impact of COVID-19 lockdown questionnaire (IMC-19LQ). Data collected were analyzed using means, standard deviations, ANOVA and t-tests. Results showed all age groups suffered high emotional impact of COVID-19 pandemic and country lockdown; participants of all levels of education suffered high emotional impact of the lockdown. Farmers and artisans suffered higher impact of the pandemic lockdown than others. Both married and singles reported high emotional impact of the lockdown. ANOVA and t-test revealed no significant differences in the emotional impact of the lockdown among participants in relation to age, level of education and marital status (p > 0.05) but a significant difference existed in relation to occupation (p < 0.05). Collaboration of health educators, social and clinical psychologists through seminars and workshops may be used to achieve promotion of psychological wellbeing of household members.

References

Ozili PK and Arun T. Spillover of COVID-19: Impact on the global economy, 2020. (MPRA Paper No. 99850). Retrieved July 3, 2020, from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/99850/

World Health Organization. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2020a.

Chavis S and Ganesh N. Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette. In L.G. DePaola & L.E. Grant (Eds.), Infection control in the dental office (pp. 91-103). Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30085-2_7

Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet, 2020. 395: p. 507-513.

Deng SO and Peng HJ. Characteristics of and public health responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2020. 9(2): p. 575.

Sauer LM. What is coronavirus? 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus

World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak situation, 2020b. Retrieved August 1, 2020, from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus2019

Onyekwena C and Mma AE. Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the Nigeria economy. African in Focus, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020, from https//www.google.com/ up/amp/

United Nations. Policy brief: The impact of COVID-19 on women, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020, from https: https://www.familyplanning2020.org/resources/policy-brief-impact-covid-19-women

MacMillan R. The life course consequences of abuse, neglect, and victimization: Challenges for theory, data collection, and methodology. Child Abuse Neglect, 2009. 33(10): 661–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.09.002

Chughtai AA, Wang Q, Dung TC, et al. The presence of fever in adults with influenza and other viral respiratory infections. Epidemiological Infections, 2017. 145(1): p. 148-155. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268816002181

Usher K, Bhullar N, Durkin J, et al. Family violence and covid-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12735

Moldofsky H and Patcai J. Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, depression and disordered sleep in chronic post-SARS syndrome: A case-controlled study. BMC Neurology, 2011. 11(1): p. 37.

Hall RC, Hall RC and Chapman MJ. The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak: Lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics. General Hospital Psychiatry, 2008. 30(5): p. 446-452.

Honigsbaum M. The pandemic century: One hundred years of panic, hysteria and hubris. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

Newman KL. Shut up: Bubonic plague and quarantine in early modern. England Journal of Social History, 2012. 45(3): p. 809-834.

Piot P, Soka MJ, and Spencer J. Emergent threats: Lessons learnt from Ebola. International Health, 2019. 11(5): p. 334-337.

James PB, Wardle J, Steel A, et al. Post Ebola psychosocial experiences and coping mechanisms among Ebola survivors: A systematic review. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 2019. 24(6): p. 671-691.

Rothe J, Buse J, Uhlmann A, et al. Changes in emotions and worries during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online-survey with children and adults with and without mental health conditions. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2021: p. 15:11.

Elom NA, Nwimo IO, Elom SO, et al. Emotional impact of COVID-19 lockdown and mitigation options: A cross-sectional survey of households in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Sage Open Medicine, 2021. 9: p. 1-12.

Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain, Behavior, Immunity, 2020. 87: p. 40-48.

Channappanavar R, Fett C, Mack M, et al. Sex-based differences in susceptibility to SARS-CoV infection. Journal of Immunology, 2017. 198(10): p. 4046-4053. 201

Boniol, MM, McIsaac L, Xu T, et al. Gender equity in the health workforce: Analysis of 104 countries. Health Workforce Working Paper 1, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2020, from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/311314/WHOHIS-HWF-Gender-WP1-2019.1-eng.pdf? sequence=1&isAllowed=y&te=1&nl=inher%20words&emc=edit_gn_20200312

Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. Disease information, 2020. Retrieved August 1, 2020, from https://ncdc.gov.ng/diseases/a-z

Regan L and Chi Y. The indirect health effects of COVID-19: Lockdown measures and services provision, 2020. Centre for Global Development. Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://www.cgdev.org

Yamane T. Statistics: An introductory analysis. New York: Harper and Row, 1973.

Nwana OC. Introduction to educational research. Ibadan: Heinemann educational Books (Nig.) Ltd, 2014.

Ogbazi JN and Okpala J. Writing research report: Guide for researchers in education, the social sciences and the humanities (2nd ed.). Enugu: Press Time Ltd, 2014.

Cohen L, Manion L, and Morrison K. Research methods in education. London: Routledge, 2018.

Mehmet N, Al-Abed AAA., Gökler ME., et al. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding COVID-19 among the Turkish and Malaysian general populations during lockdown: A cross-sectional online survey. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 2020. 34(4): p. 243-252.

Temesgen T, Endashaw H, Zehara R, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation and attempt among prisoners in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 2021. 31(3): p. 625-634.

Gadermann AC, Thomson KC, Richardson CG, et al. Examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on family mental health in Canada: Findings from a national cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 2021. 11: p. e042871.

Pappas G, Kiriaze IJ, Giannakis P, et al. Psychosocial consequences of infectious diseases. Clinical Micro Infections, 2020. 15: p. 743–747.

Cuiyan W, Riyu P, Xiaoyang W, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020. 17: p. 1729

Pedrosa AL, Bitencourt L, Fróes ACF, et al. Emotional, behavioral, and psychological impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontier Psychology, 2020. 11: p. 566212.

Downloads

Published

2024-04-05

How to Cite

Ngwakwe, P. C., Anugwo, M. N., Elom, N. A., Ogbu, J. E., Ojide, R. N., Alegu, D. N., … Nwimo, I. O. (2024). Demographic Differences in Emotional Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Country Lockdown: A Cross-sectional Survey of Household Members in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Archives of Business Research, 12(3), 187–202. https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.123.16666

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 3 (2024): Archives of Business Research

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Patricia Chinma Ngwakwe, Margret Ndidiamaka Anugwo, Nwamaka Agbe Elom, James Ekuma Ogbu, Rita Ngozika Ojide, Deborah Nnebuife Alegu, Christian Ikechukwu Ogah, Ignatius Obilor Nwimo

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Most read articles by the same author(s)