Don’t Be Afraid to Change: Work Environment and Workload Affects Cyberloafing Behavior

Authors

  • Irfan Noviandy Aulia Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Subur Karyatun Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Rafi Ramadhan Hidayat Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Mochamad Soelton Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-4085

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.119.15471

Keywords:

Work Environment, Workload, Cyberloafing Behavior, Employee Performance

Abstract

Internet technology can have a positive impact on companies in helping the effectiveness and efficiency of company operations, such as faster information delivery, more up to date receiving information, reduced production time and more efficient service delivery. This study aims to analyze the work environment and workload on cyberloafing behavior and employee performance at the Tangerang I State Property and Auction Service Office. The population in this study was 30 employees. The sample used was all 30 employees, namely the saturated sample. The data collection method uses a survey method, with the research instrument being a questionnaire. The data analysis method uses Partial Least Square. The analysis used in this research is quantitative analysis using data collection methods through questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used as an analysis method and Smart PLS is used as an analysis tool. Findings: The work environment has a positive and significant effect on Employee performance, workload has a negative and significant effect on employee performance. The work environment and workload have a positive and significant effect on Cyberloafing. Meanwhile, cyberloafing has a negative and significant effect on employee performance.

References

Achmad Sudiro, Agung Nugroho Adi, Noora Fithriana, Muhammad Fajrul Iskam Fasieh & Mochamad Soelton (2023) Towards emotional intelligence and quality of work life: Improving the role of work attitude, Cogent Business & Management, 10:1, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2189992https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311975.2023.2189992

Akar, I., Karabulut, B. & Coskun, C. 2020. Exploring the relationship between creativity and cyberloafing of prospective teachers. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 38 (2020), 10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100724

Al-Shuaibi, M. S. I., Subramaniam, C., & Syamsudin (2021). Does consideration of future consequences moderator the relationship between role stressors and cyberloafing: a World Bulletin of Management and Law (WBML), 5, 74–83. https://scholarexpress.net/index.php/wbml/article/view/379%0Ahttps://scholarexpress.net/index.php/wbml/article/download/379/371

Aladwan, M. A., Muala, I. Al, & Salleh, H. S. (2021). Cyberloafing as a mediating variable in the relationship between workload and organizational commitment. Management Science Letters, 11, 1013–1022. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.9.041

Andel, S., Kessler, S., Pindek, S., Kleinman, G., & Spector, P.. 2019. Is cyberloafing more complex than we originally thought? Cyberloafing as a coping response to workplace aggression exposure. Computers in Human Behavior, 101 (2019), pp. 124-130, 10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.013

Blanchard, A.L. & Henle, C.A. 2008. Correlates of different forms of cyberloafing: The role of norms and external locus of control. Computers in Human Behavior, 24 (3) (2008), pp. 1067-1084, 10.1016/j.chb.2007.03.008

Beugré, C. D., & Kim, D. (2006). Cyberloafing : Vice or Virtue ? In the book, Emerging Trends and Challenges in Information Technology Management. IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING.

Chauhan. K. 2017. Social media use at work. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of Texas at Arlington (2017)

Friedman, W. H. (2002). Virtual absenteeism. In J. Haynes (ed.). Internet management issues: A global perspective. IGI Global, pp. 138-149.

Firstian, W. (2022). Pengaruh perceived organizational justice, abusive supervision, dan job stress terhadap cyberloafing pada karyawan PT Mandiri (PERSERO) TBK area Jakarta Sudirman Muhammad. METRIK SERIAL HUMANIORA DAN SAINS, 3(1), 53–59.

Gökçearslan, Ş., Uluyol, Ç., & Şahin, S. 2018. Smartphone addiction, cyberloafing, stress, and social support among university students: A path analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 91 (2018), pp. 47-54, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.05.036

Ghozali. (2011). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 19. In Semarang: Badan penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. Variabel Pemoderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana: Vol. 23 (2) (Issue 1470, p. 1494).

Garrett, R.K. & Danziger J.N. 2008. On cyberslacking: workplace status and personal internet use at work. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11 (3) (2008), pp. 287-292, 10.1089/cpb.2007.0146

House, J.S., Wells, J.A., Landerman, L.R., McMichael, A.J. & Kaplan, B.H. 1979. Occupational stress and health among factory workers. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 20 (2) (1979), pp. 139-160, 10.2307/2136435

Hamrat, N., Hidayat, D.R. & Sumantri, M.S. 2019. Dampak stres akademik dan cyberloafing terhadap kecanduan smartphone. Jurnal EDUCATIO: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 5 (1) (2019), p. 13, 10.29210/120192324

Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. M. (2004). A beginner’s guide to partial least squares analysis. Understanding Statistics, 3(4), 283–297. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328031 us0304_4

Hensel, P. G., & Kacprzak, A. (2020). Job overload, organizational commitment, and motivation as antecedents of cyberloafing: evidence from employee monitoring software. European Management Review, 0, 931–942. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12407

Hooper, D.J.C. & Mullen. M. 2008. Structural equation modeling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6 (1) (2008), pp. 53-60, 10.21427/D7CF7R

Hu, L. & Bentler, P.M. 1999. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1) (1999), 10.1080/ 10705519909540118

Isil Utsta Kara, B. C. K. (2022). The moderating role of work stress in the effect of autocratic leadership on cyberloafing behavior: a study in hotel businesses. Gastroia: Journal of Gastronomy and Travel Research, 6(1), 1–17. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/autism-spectrum-disorders

Inmor, S. & Suwannahong, R. 2019. Burn-out syndrome and innovative work behavior as a result of cyberloafing. International Journal of Applied Computer Technology and Information Systems, 9 (2) (2019)

Joreskog, K.G. & Sorbom, D. 1984. Advances in factor analysis and structural equation models. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham (1984)

Kusumawati, A., & Franksiska, R. (2018). Work-family conflict and cyberloafing: the mediating role of work stress. Diponegoro International Journal of Business, 1(2), 86. https://doi.org/10.14710/dijb.1.2.2018.86-93

Koay, K.Y., Soh, P.C-H. & Chew, K.W. 2017. Do employees’ private demands lead to cyberloafing? The mediating role of job stress. Management Research Review, 40 (9) (2017), pp. 1025-1038, 10.1108/mrr-11-2016-0252

Kaplan, D. 2000. Structural equation modeling: Foundations and extensions (2nd Edition), Sage (2000)

Lonteng, E., Kindangen, P. & Tumewu, F. 2019. Analysis of role conflict and role ambiguity towards cyberloafing at Pt. Bank Sulutgo Manado. Jurnal EMBA, 7 (4) (2019), pp. 5973-5982, 10.35794/emba. v7i4.26579

Liberman, B., Seidman, G., McKenna, K. Y. A., & Buffardi, L. E. (2011). Employee job attitudes and organizational characteristics as predictors of cyberloafing. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(6), 2192–2199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.06.015

Lim, V.K.G. 2002. The IT way of loafing on the job: cyberloafing, neutralizing, and organizational justice. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23 (5) (2002), pp. 675-694, 10.1002/job.161

Lima, L., & Galleli, B. (2021). Human resources management and corporate governance: Integration perspectives and future directions. European Management Journal, 39(6), 731–744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.02.004

Mahendra, M. A., & Tefa, G. (2022). Studi fenomenologi perilaku cyberloafing PNS di badan kepegawaian dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia kabupaten Karangasem Provinsi Bali. Jurnal MSDA (Manajemen Sumber Daya Aparatur), 10(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.33701/jmsda.v10i1.2509

Marsh, H. W. & Grayson, D. (1995). Latent variable models of multitrait-multimethod Data. In R. H. Hoyle (ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. Sage, pp. 177-198.

Mochamad Soelton, Paijan Paijan, R. Joko Sugiharjo, Abdul Rahmat, Parwoto parwoto, Supriyatno Supriyatno, Widia Rahmawati, Tantri Yanuar Rahmat Syah. 2023. Exploring Factors that Influence Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Advertising Industry. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, vol. 20, pp. 526-540, 2023. https://DOI.org/10.37394/23207.2023.20.48https://wseas.com/journals/bae/2023/a965107-1865.pdf

Nanda, A., Soelton, M., Luiza, S., & Saratian, E. T. P. (2020). The effect of psychological work environment and workloads on turnover interest, work stress as an intervening variable. Advances in Economics, th Business, and Management Research, Volume 120 4 International Conference on Management, Economics, and Business (ICMEB 2019), 120, 225–231. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200205.040

Nurfauzan, M. I., & Halilah, I. (2017). Pengaruh job insecurity terhadap turnover intention. Jurnal Riset Bisnis Dan Investasi, 3(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.35697/jrbi.v3i1.550

Özüdoğru, M. & Yildirim, Y.T. 2020. Investigation of the moderator effect of job stress on the relationship between cyberloafing and employee performance: A research on the health sector. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences (2020), pp. 467-490

Palladan, A.A. 2018. Moderating effects of cyberloafing activity on innovative work behavior and lecturer's job performance. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Social Science & Innovation, 2 (1) (2018), pp. 28-49, 10.30690/ijassi.21.03

Perry-Smith, J.E. & Shalley C.E. 2014. A social composition view of team creativity: The role of member nationality-heterogeneous ties outside of the team. Organization Science, 25 (5) (2014), pp. 1434-1452, 10.1287/orsc.2014.0912

Rajah, R., & Lim, V.K.G. 2011. Cyberloafing, neutralization, and organizational citizenship behavior. PACIS 2011 (15th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems: Quality Research in Pacific) Proceeding, s (2011) Paper 152

Rahman, Z., Shah, S. & Zahir, F.A. 2020. Minor and serious cyberloafing impact on innovative behavior. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 11 (2020), pp. 92-102

Ramzan, S., & Khan, I. M. (2010). Dimension reduction and remedy of multicollinearity using latent variable regression methods. World Applied Science Journal, 8(4), 404–410.

Reinartz, W., Haenlein, M., & Henseler, J. (2009). An empirical comparison of the efficacy of covariancebased and variance-based SEM. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 26(4), 332–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2009.08.001

Rizzo, J.R., House, R.J. & Lirtzman, S.I. 1970. Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15 (2) (1970), pp. 150-163, 10.2307/2391486

Rocky, A., & Nursiani, N. P. (2018). Pengaruh beban kerja terhadap kinerja tenaga kependidikan pada kantor rektorat Universitas nusa cendana Kupang. Journal Of Management (SME’s), 7(2), 225–246.

Rohman, F., Noermijati, N., Soelton, M. & Mugiono, M. (2023). The role of quality assurance in improving the distribution of organizational performance. Uncertain Supply Chain Management. Vol 11 (2023) 237–248 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2022.10.003

Rohman, F., Noermijati, N., Soelton, M. & Mugiono, M. (2022). Model altruism in improving organizational performance in social welfare institutions ministry of social affairs of the republic of Indonesia. Cogent Business & Management, Vol 9: Issue 1, 2151678, DOI: 10.1080/23311975. 2022.2151678 (13 December 2022) To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2151678

Runing Sawitri, H.S. 2012. Role of internet experience in moderating influence of work stressors on Cyberloafing. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 57 (9) (2012), pp. 320-324, 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1192

Runing Sawitri, H.S., & D Mayasari. 2017. Keeping up with the cyber loafer: how do cyberloafing and creative self-efficacy bear with creativity? J. Global Business Advancement, 10 (6) (2017), pp. 652-670, 10.1504/JGBA.2017.091931

Said, M. (2021). The role of consideration future consequences and job stress in the relationship between job demands, resources, and cyberloafing: A conceptual paper. Eurasian Research Bulletin, 2, 99–116.

Saputri, P., Hidayati, T., & Lestari, D. (2020). Pengaruh job insecurity terhadap stres kerja, kinerja, dan turnover intention karyawan PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. Jurnal Bisnis DanManajemen, 16(3), 235–259.

Sarstedt, M., & Hwang, H. (2020). Advances in composite-based structural equation modeling. In Behaviormetrika (Vol. 47, Issue 1, pp. 213–217). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41237- 020-00105-9

Saratian, E. T. P., Soelton, M., Ali, A. J., Arief, H., Saragih, L., & Risfi, F. (2019). The implication of workload in the workplace may provoke work stress. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics, and Law, 20(5), 172–177. https://seajbel.com/wp- content/uploads/2020/03/KLICELS14_258.pdf

Sosa, M.E. 2011. Where do creative interactions come from? The role of tie content and social networks. Organization Science, 22 (1) (2011), pp. 1-21, 10.1287/orsc.1090.0519

Soelton, M. (2023). Conceptualizing Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Learning Organization in the Labor Sector. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 19(1), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.33830/jom.v19i1.4067.2023https://jurnal.ut.ac.id/index.php/jom/article/view/4067https://jurnal.ut.ac.id/index.php/jom/issue/view/205

Soelton, M. (2023). How Did It Happen: Organizational Commitment and Work-Life Balance Affect Organizational Citizenship Behavior? Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 14(1), 149-164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jdm.v14i1https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jdm/issue/view/1666https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jdm/article/view/41493 90

Soelton, M., Amaelia, P., & Prasetyo, H. (2020). Dealing with job insecurity, work stress, and family conflict of employees. Advances in Economics, Business, and Management Research 4th International Conference on Management, Economics, and Business (ICMEB 2019), 120, 167–174. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200205.031

Soelton, M., Amalia, D., Noermijati, N., & Wahyudiono, B. (2020). Self-Esteem: The levels of religiosity in job insecurity and stress in a government company. Advances in Economics, Business, and Management Research 4th International Conference on Management, Economics, and Business (ICMEB 2019), 120, 302–310. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200205.052

Soelton, M., Lestari, P. A., Arief, H., & Putra, R. L. (2020). The effect of role conflict and burnout toward turnover intention in software industries, work stress as moderating variables. Advances in Economics, Business, and Management R e s e a r c h 4th International Conference on Management, Economics, and Business (ICMEB 2019), 120 (Icmeb 2019), 185–190. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200205.034

Statistik, P. pelayanan statistik dinas komunikasi informatika dan statistik provinsi dki J. (2019). Survei penggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dki jakarta. Pusat pelayanan statistik dinas komunikasi informatika dan statistik provinsi dki Jakarta.

Sugiyono. (2017). Metode panellation kuantitatif kualitatif dan R&D. In Alfabeta Bandung. ALFABETA. cv.

Syamsu, N. N., Soelton, M., Nanda, A., Putra, R. L., & Pebriani, P. (2019). Bagaimanakah konflik peran dan beban kerja mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan dengan burnout sebagai variabel intervening. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22441/jimb.v5i1.5621

Schermelleh-Engel, K., Helfried, M. & Hans, M. 2003. Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8 (2) (2003), pp. 23-74 View in Scopus Google Scholar

Thaybatan, S. (2019). Internet dan perilaku cyberloafing pada karyawan. Psikoislamedia Jurnal Psikologi, 4(1), 55.

Young, K., Pistner, M., O‟Mare, J. & Buchanan, J. 1999. Cyber disorders: The mental health concern for the new millennium. CyberPsychology & Behaviour, 2 (5) (1999), pp. 475-479, 10.1089/cpb.1999.2.475

Zhang, J., Akhtar, M. N., Zhang, Y., & Sun, S. (2020). Are overqualified employees’ bad apples? A dualpathway model of cyberloafing. Internet Research, 30(1), 289–313. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-10-2018-04

Zhang, X. & Bartol, K.M. 2010. Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 33 (1) (2010), pp. 107-128, 10.5465/amj.2010.48037118

Zhou J., Shin, S.J., Brass, D.J., Choi, J. & Zhang, Z.X. 2009. Social networks, personal values, and creativity: Evidence for curvilinear and interaction effects. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94 (6) (2009), pp. 544-1552, 10.1037/a0016285

Downloads

Published

2023-09-19

How to Cite

Aulia, I. N., Karyatun, S., Hidayat, R. R., & Soelton, M. (2023). Don’t Be Afraid to Change: Work Environment and Workload Affects Cyberloafing Behavior. Archives of Business Research, 11(9), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.119.15471