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The Influence of Leadership Styles on Church Growth with Special Reference to Pentecostal Churches in Zimbabwe

The study focused on the influence of leadership styles in Pentecostal churches with reference to Zimbabwe. There has not been a comprehensive study on leadership styles amongst Pentecostal churches in Zimbabwe which extends the leadership theories developed for business organizations to church organizations. The mixed methods (pragmatic) approach was adopted in the study using both qualitative and quantitative data. It allows the researcher to use multiple methods, different worldviews and assumptions as well as different forms of data collection and analysis. The pragmatic approach is not committed to one system of philosophy and reality and it gives the researcher freedom of choice of methods, techniques and procedures of the research that best answers the research problem. The mixed methods was also adopted for triangulation purposes. A case study approach using exploratory and descriptive research designs was employed. Interviews, questionnaires and observations were the main data collection tools. Document analysis was also used as a triangulation method. Three main participant groups in this study were the founders of the church, the leaders of the church such as pastors, elders, deacons and departmental leaders and finally the members of the church. Six Pentecostal churches were identified using specified criteria in order to create boundaries. Analysis of data was guided by the grounded theory propounded by Glaser and Strauss (1967) using the Constant Comparative Method. In addition the Public and Hidden Transcripts Theory by Scott (1992) was used as a discourse analysis tool. The findings were divided into four main categories, the leadership styles, growth strategies, sustainability and succession plan in order to address the influence of leadership styles on growth among the Pentecostal churches in Zimbabwe. Under the leadership styles, the study sought to find out first the leadership styles of the founders or senior pastors of Pentecostal churches in Zimbabwe. Overall the findings indicate that the transformational leadership style is the leadership style of founders of the Pentecostal churches in Zimbabwe. The second part on leadership was to find out the leadership styles of leaders in which the democratic leadership style was the mostly practiced one. The final aspect was to identify the dominant leadership style within the Pentecostal churches in Zimbabwe. The supportive leadership style was found to be the dominant leadership style in Pentecostal churches in Zimbabwe. Two models are presented as contribution to knowledge especially which can either be adapted or adopted by leaders in churches, business and management circles. The first model, the Ordinary-Questioning-Decision Making and Stability Model (OQDS) identifies the levels that people are at within the organisation (church). After that identification relevant leaders need to groom them using the Contextualised Leadership-Follower Model (CLF), in order to bring about loyalty and commitment.

Introductory Linguistics – Study Guide

This Study Guide in Introduction to Linguistics deals with the different Subfields of Linguistics (particularly Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics) and Related Fields. The images presented in Figures 1-15 provide some insights to facilitate the students’ imagination and creativity that can very well help enhance their English vocabulary. The Midterm and Final exams require the students to reinforce their learning through thorough and extra reading on the topics presented in each unit. The Exercises as well as the Assessments can trigger the students to practice, reinforce, and discover the wonders of exploring the English language as they face the challenges to be at pace with the modern world of words.

Political Elites and Ethnic Politics

This book presents an examination on the significance of the political elites’ role in the expansion of ethnic politics to the periphery state of Sabah in Malaysia. Ethnicity in Sabah for generations did not have the significance that it held in the peninsular states, where colonial and post-colonial policies entrenched a sense of indigenous claims by the Malays against other ethnic communities of Chinese and Indians. In Sabah, especially before the Federation of Malaysia, social identity focused more on smaller social groups who needed to find non-ethnic basis for political solidarity rather than construct ethnic differences. Nevertheless, after decades in the federation of Malaysia the political solidarity in this territory became more focused on what Tajfel and Turner (1979) calls ‘us’ versus ‘them’, an activity of constructing and reconstructing ethnic difference as in West Malaysia. The study in which this book is based is explores and explains the reason why ethnic hostilities have more recently become a marker of political activities in Sabah.

Leadership in the Formation of an Organization

The importance of leadership in the foundation and legitimization of an organization is a pressing issue in organizational studies. This book, Leadership in the formation of an organization, which focuses on an organizational case study – the formation of Asilo de Infância Desvalida da Horta (a foster organization for girls and young women), in the Azores, Portugal, seeks to contribute to the analysis the relative autonomy that leadership faces and which it has to deal with in the search for its legitimacy as an organization. The book concludes with the reproduction of a booklet, dated 1884, titled Memória histórica sobre o Asilo de Infância Desvalida da Cidade da Horta [Historical memory on Asilo de Infância Desvalida da Cidade da Horta], which offers relevant arguments of this study. Furthermore, in addition to the analysis put forth here, its facsimile availability in digital version is deemed pertinent.

Cricket Reading Handbook

All over the world, there is extensive folklore and tradition associated with crickets. In Brazil, a black cricket in a room is said to foretell illness; a gray one, money; and a green one, hope while chirping is sometimes interpreted as a sign of imminent rain, a financial bonanza, pregnancy, or death. During the Spanish conquest of America, the sudden chirping of a cricket heralded the sighting of new land. The Chinese have practised cricket fighting as a sport for a long time. The Cherokee Indians believed that drinking tea made of crickets would make one a good singer. In Zambia, cricket is believed to bring good fortune to anyone who sees it. Among the Luos of Kenya it is believed that eating crickets improves one’s singing prowess. Crickets are known as nyenje in Kiswahili. In Luo language, they are referred to as Onjiri. Other local names include ngiriama in Meru, Egesiriri in Kisii, Sitsilili in Luhya, Ngiria in Kikuyu and Ngili in Kamba.

Psycholinguistics Study Guide

Cognitive science is a highly interdisciplinary field of scientific study of the human mind and its structure, processes, and complexities. As it pertains to cognition, it combines the ideas and methods from other disciplines related to intelligence and behavior which include psychology, education, artificial intelligence, anthropology, sociology, neuroscience, computer science, computational linguistics, philosophy, and linguistics in general. Cognitive science basically focuses on how the human mind works with regard to language acquisition, memory, perception, and other forms and contents characterizing the nature of human knowledge beyond preferences and biases. Psycholinguistics is part of the field of cognitive science being a combination of psychology and linguistics

Study of Dynamics of Upper High Salinity Water Mass in the Arabian Sea

The water masses a term being used in oceanographic literature has been borrowed from meteorology. The water masses of specific characteristics are formed in different regions of the oceans by the processes occurring at the surface of the oceans, and ocean-atmosphere interactions at specific locations and sink from the surface to subsurface depths. They move from the region of formation and spread out to different oceans, and deep mixing eventually pulls them up through the thermocline over large areas of the ocean. It is this upward mixing that drives the deep circulation. The water mass distribution is controlled by density gradients. The two key parameters governing these differences are temperature and salinity and are routinely used to characterize it. The salinity maximum and minimum are used in a temperature – salinity (T – S) graph to distinguish a water mass in a certain area of the ocean. This method of water mass identification was introduced first time by Helland and Hansen (1916). A salinity maximum or minimum is defined as that point on a T-S curve 2 which has a salinity greater than or less than the value obtained by the mixing of the water above and below it on the curve (Stewart, 2003).

The Influence of Supply Chain Management and Net Trade Cycle on Financial Performance

This research empirically investigates the relationships among the four most common supply chain management practices (supplier partnership, customer relationship, information sharing, and lean system), net trade cycle, and financial performance. It consists of nine hypotheses concerning the relationships of the aforementioned factors that have been verified throughout reviewed literature and examined via employing the structural equation modelling technique. This research used data taken from floated questionnaires at three manufacturing companies in the Kingdom of Bahrain. An inclusive review of the literature to retrieve the four most common supply chain management practices has been undertaken and has identified limitations in the research techniques applied. This research has discovered the significant influences of the supplier partnership, the information sharing, and the lean system of the three most common supply chain management practices and the net trade cycle on the financial performance. Although this is the first research that combines the critical relationships among those four most common supply chain management practices, the net trade cycle, and the financial performance in one model, it is important to note that this study was unsuccessful in demonstrating whether there is a significant influence between customer relationship of the most common supply chain management practices and the net trade cycle on the financial performance. Researchers can employ the outcomes of this research to discover several related hypotheses in more details and increase the accuracy of forthcoming empirical relationships among those factors. This research offers particular suggestions for such further research. The outcomes of this research can be utilized by managers to highlight the execution of those four most common supply chain management practices and the net trade cycle in their respective ventures. Moreover, almost all of those relationships are found to have significant influences on the financial performance. Furthermore, the outcomes can be recommended to production managers who may well assign resources to enhance these practices to achieve the greatest outcomes.

Hypercomplementemia

The complement system is formed form a group of sera of plasma proteins found in fresh vertebrate sera. The number of these components are ranging between 30-40 components with their own receptors. Such components appeared in vertebrate at electrophoro-grames in the arcs of alpha1 , alpha2 , beta and gamma globulins. Through , components differs from immunological characteristics. Components protein are heat labile at 56c for half an hour. Complement can be activated in sequential manner of their own component with marked subunit assembly & functional units help in phagocytosis and cell lysis components system has fluid and membrane phases and a activated in three steps initiators, amplification and membrane attack. The activation is established in three pathways ; the classical , the properidin and the lectin pathways. Properidin is found in natural immunity , classical and lectin in the adaptive immunity .

Graduate Seminar: Study Guide

This Graduate Seminar Study Guide is specifically made for graduate students who have Thesis Writing in their degree program. Enrolling in this course (Graduate Seminar) means one is to deal with writing seminar paper, seminar paper presentation, making research poster, and writing research article for journal publication. The main “venue” for these requirements for application purposes is attending academic conferences. Moreover, the ultimate goal of this course is getting research articles published in academic journals. “Going places” literally and figuratively along with the “meeting of the minds” take place when one has the opportunity to participate in academic conferences. Aside from that, having a “sound engagement” with conference speakers, guests, presenters, and other participants help develop one’s intellectual and social skills in public communication. By the way, having a photo opportunity with experts in the field and guest celebrities while attending academic conferences is something to look forward to no matter what. All these things among others would be more meaningful if one has something to present in plenary or parallel sessions. This Graduate Seminar Study Guide aims to encourage graduate students to share their expertise either in academic conferences or via journal publications.