Urinary Mucosal Antibody Responses in Typhoid

Prof Dr Ibrahim M S Shnawa

Abstract:
Classically, human typhoid can be sero-diagnosed using serum standard agglutination test [Widal Test] in comparison to clinical signs and symptoms providing utilization of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. This issue is still working in Afro-Asian and Indian subcontinent countries. Due to some debates surrounding the validity of Widal test as diagnostic assay. Several other rapid qualitative immune assay have been developed like immune-chromatographic assay of typhoid IgM and Typhoid IgG .Urine antibodies had been tried in typhoid diagnoses in fifties of twentieth century then become out of mode of scientific workers. Detection of Salmonella typhi outer membrane protein antigens in urine of typhoid patients is currently and decade ago are in researchers mode to check its validity in diagnoses of typhoid. The theme of the present book was to test the validity of urinary mucosal antibody responses in diagnoses of human typhoid. The book is intended to serve students and researchers of immunology.