Impacts of L-Arginine on Haematological and Serum Biochemical Indices of Rats Exposed to Chlorpyrifos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/bjhr.1202.18422Keywords:
L-arginine, chlorpyrifos, haematology, serum biochemistry, ratsAbstract
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphorus insecticide that is applied expansively for pest control and its usage has been linked to several cases of poisoning. L-arginine is an α-amino acid that is crucial in protein biosynthesis and it has been reported to exert bioprotective effects in the body. The research was conducted in order to find out the impacts of L-arginine (AG) on haematological and serum biochemical indices in male Wistar rats exposed to chlorpyrifos. Thirty five rats were distributed into five groups. They received the following treatments by oral gavage for 28 days: distilled water [DT group], olive oil [LV; 1 ml/kg], chlorpyrifos (CF group; 8.5 mg/kg), L-arginine (AG; 100 mg/kg), chlorpyrifos (8.5 mg/kg)+L-arginine (100 mg/kg). The rats were sacrificed after the termination of the research. Subsequently, haematological and serum biochemical parameters were assessed. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the MCV of the CF group compared to the LV group was observed. Additionally, a substantial (p < 0.05) elevation was recorded in the MCHC of the CF group relative to the AG group. There were significant reductions in the calcium levels, while the magnesium levels were remarkably elevated in the CF and CF+AG groups compared to the DT and LV groups respectively. However, no significant alteration was noticed in the serum oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, catalase and superoxide dismutase) that were analyzed. In this study, CF disrupted some haemato-biochemical parameters while AG minimally suppressed its effects. Further studies are warranted to expound the mechanisms of toxicity of CF, and the bioprotective propensity of AG.
References
ABOULTHANA, W.M., IBRAHIM, N.E., HASSAN, A.K., BASSALY, W.K., ABDEL-GAWAD, H., TAHA, H.A., and AHMED, K.A., 2023. The hepato- and neuroprotective effect of gold Casuarina equisetifolia bark nano-extract against chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in rats. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 21,158. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-023-00595-6.
AKANDE, M.G., ALIU, Y.O., AMBALI, S.F., and AYO, J.O., 2014. Taurine alleviated biochemical alterations in male Wistar rats co-exposed to chlorpyrifos and lead. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 6,13−25. doi: 10.5897/jtehs2013.0291
AKINRINDE, A.S., TIJANI, M., AWODELE, O.A., and OYAGBEMI, A.A., 2021. Fluoride-induced hepatotoxicity is prevented by L-arginine supplementation via suppression of oxidative stress and stimulation of nitric oxide production in rats. Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 13,57−64. doi:10.1007/s13530-020-00070-6.
ALBASHER, G., ALMEER, R., AL-OTIBI, F.O., AL-KUBAISI, N., and MAHMOUD, A.M., 2019. Ameliorative effect of Beta vulgaris root extract on chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and liver injury in rats. Biomolecules, 9,261. doi: 10.3390/biom9070261.
ALTHAGAFY, H.S., AND HASSANEIN, E.H.M., 2024. Fluoxetine attenuates chlorpyrifos-induced neuronal injury through the PPARγ, SIRT1, NF-κB, and JAK1/STAT3 signals. International Immunopharmacology, 136,112335. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112335.
AMBALI, S.F., ABUBAKAR, A.T., KAWU, M.U., UCHENDU, C., SHITTU, M., and SALAMI, S.O., 2011. Biochemical alterations induced by subchronic chlorpyrifos exposure in Wistar rats: ameliorative effect of zinc. Journal of American Science, 7(9), 73−81.
AUNG, S., NORLELAWATI, A.T., NOR ZAMZILA, A., ZAMZURIA, M.Z., NORRA, H., NORIAH, M.N., and TARIQ, A.R., 2020. The effects of chronic low dose exposure of chlorpyrifos on the rat kidney. IMJM, 19(1), 43−51.
BEERS, R.F., and SIZER, I.W., 1952. A spectrophotometry method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 195,133−140.
BERTRAND, J., GOICHON, A., DÉCHELOTTE, P., and COËFFIER, M., 2013. Regulation of intestinal protein metabolism by amino acids. Amino Acids, 45, 443−450. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06739.
DAWSON, A.H., EDDLESTON, M., SENARATHNA, L., MOHAMED, F., GAWARAMMANA, I., BOWE, S.J., MANUWEERA, G., and BUCKLEY, N.A., 2010. Acute human lethal toxicity of agricultural pesticides: a prospective cohort study. PloS Medicine, 7(10), e1000357. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.100035711.
DRAPER, H.H., and HADLEY, M., 1990. Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid peroxidation. Methods in Enzymology, 186, 421−431. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(90)86135-i.
GARBER, J.C., BARBEE, R.W., BIELITZKI, J.T., CLAYTON, L.A., DONOVAN, J.C., KOHN, D.F., LIPMAN, N.S., LOCKE, P., MELCHER, J., QUIMBY, F.W., TURNER, P.V., WOOD, G.A., and WÜRBEL, H., 2011. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, pp. 105−124.
KÜÇÜKLER, S., ÇOMAKLI, S., ¨OZDEMIR, S., ÇA˘GLAYAN, C., and KANDEMIR, F.M., 2021. Hesperidin protects against the chlorpyrifos-induced chronic hepato-renal toxicity in rats associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and up-regulation of PARP-1/VEGF. Environmental Toxicology, 36,1600−1617. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.23156.
KUNNAJA, P., CHANSAKAOW, S., WITTAYAPRAPARAT, A., YUSUK, P., and SIREERATAWONG, S., 2021. In vitro antioxidant activity of Litsea martabanica root extract and its hepatoprotective effect on chlorpyrifosinduced toxicity in rats. Molecules, 26,1906. doi: 10.3390/molecules26071906.
LIANG, M., WANG, Z., LI, H., CAI, L., PAN, J., HE, H., WU, Q., TANG, Y., MA, J., and YANG, L., 2018. L-arginine induces antioxidant response to prevent oxidative stress via stimulation of glutathione synthesis and activation of Nrf2 pathway. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 115, 315−328. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.03.029.
MARTIN, J.P. JR., DAILEY, M., and SUGARMAN, E., 1987. Negative and positive assays of superoxide dismutase based on haematoxylin autoxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 255,329−336. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(87)90400-0.
MILATOVIC, D., GUPTA, R.C., and ASCHNER, M., 2006. Anticholinesterase toxicity and oxidative stress. Scientific World Journal, 6, 295−310. doi: 10.1100/tsw.2006.38.
NANDI, N.K., VYAS, A., AKHTAR, M.J., and KUMAR, B., 2022. The growing concern of chlorpyrifos exposures on human and environmental health. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 185,105138. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105138.
OKON, I.A., BESHEL, J.A., UDOAKAGHA, I.S., UDIA, J.P., and OWU, D.U., 2022. L-arginine oral supplementation reverses hematological and electrolytes imbalances in adrenaline-induced myocardial injury in rats. Journal of Medical Sciences, 22, 90−98.
PAGLIA, D.E., and VALENTINE, W.N., 1967. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 70,158−169. PMID: 6066618.
PAL, G., BEHL, T., ROHIL, V., KHANDELWAL, M., GUPTA, G., and JENA, J., 2020. Evaluation of oxidative stress and its modulation by L-arginine and L-ascorbic acid in repetitive restraint stress model in Wistar rats. Obesity Medicine, Volume 17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100172.
QIU, Y., YANG, X., WANG, L., GAO, K., and JIANG, Z., 2019. L-arginine inhibited inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide via arginase-1 signaling in ipec-j2 cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20,1800. doi: 10.3390/ijms20071800.
SEPAND, M.R., ALIOMRANI, M., HASANI-NOURIAN, Y., KHALHORI, M.R., FARZAEI, M.H., and SANADGOL, N., 2020. Mechanisms and pathogenesis underlying environmental chemical induced necroptosis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 27(30), 37488−37501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09360-5.
SHAKI, F., TEYMOORI, M., MOTAFEGHI, F.S., HEMMATI, N., and ARAB-NOZARI, M., 2021. L-arginine ameliorated mitochondrial oxidative damage induced by subchronic exposure to cadmium in mice kidney. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research, 7, 79−86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v7i2.7360.
SINGH, N., LAWANA, V., LUO, J., PHONG, P., ABDALLA, A., PALANISAMY, B., ROKAD, D., SARKAR, S., JIN, H., ANANTHARAM, V., KANTHASAMY, A.G., and KANTHASAMY, A., 2018. Organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos impairs STAT1 signaling to induce dopaminergic neurotoxicity: implications for mitochondria mediated oxidative stress signaling events. Neurobiology of Disease,117, 82−113.
TRIPATHI, S., SUZUKI, N., and SRIVASTAV, A.K., 2013. Response of serum minerals (calcium, phosphate and magnesium) and endocrine glands (calcitonin cells and parathyroid gland) of Wistar rat after chlorpyrifos administration. Microscopy Research and Technique, 76, 673−678. doi: 10.1002/jemt.22217.
TSIKAS, D., and WU, G., 2015. Homoarginine, arginine, and relatives: analysis, metabolism, transport, physiology, and pathology. Amino Acids, 47,1697−1702. doi: 10.1007/s00726-015-2055-5.
WANG, B., and STEINBERG, G.R., 2022. Environmental toxicants, brown adipose tissue, and potential links to obesity and metabolic disease. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 67,102314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2022.102314.
WU, G., and MORRIS, S.M., 1998. Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond. Biochemical Journal, 336,1−17.
ZHANG, H., PENG, A., YU, Y., GUO, S., WANG, M.Z., and WANG, H.R., 2019. L-arginine protects ovine intestinal epithelial cells from lipopolysaccharides-induced apoptosis through alleviating oxidative stress. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 67,1683−1690.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Motunrayo Ganiyat Akande, Gbenga Michael Oladele, Hudu Garba Mikail, Lateef Ariyo Adeniran, Ijeoma Chika Chibuogwu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
