Gartner Cyst Associated with Renal Agenesis and Mullerian Malformation: A Case Report

Abstract

This case report presents a Gartner duct cyst associated with renal agenesis and a Müllerian malformation. Gartner duct cysts are embryologic remnants of the distal mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts, and urinary tract malformations are frequently associated with genital tract abnormalities. The patient, a 21-year-old woman, attended the outpatient clinic with a one-year history of dyspareunia and the sensation of a foreign body in the vagina. Examination revealed a fluctuating mass in the upper two thirds of the right vaginal wall extending to the right cervical region, and ultrasound showed a simple cystic image in the right vaginal dome. Renal ultrasound and computerized axial tomography showed congenital absence of the right kidney and an enlarged left kidney with a double collecting system. Diagnostic laparoscopy, performed because ultrasound suggested a Müllerian malformation, confirmed the malformation, and the cyst, of approximately 10 cm, was approached surgically through the vagina. The authors discuss the investigations used to assess Gartner duct cysts, the debate between vaginal and laparoscopic excision given reported recurrence after vaginal excision, and the lack of consensus on classifying Müllerian malformations. They conclude that renal and Müllerian anomalies should be considered in women with Gartner duct cysts, that no reported cases describe the association between Gartner's duct cyst, unicornuate uterus and unilateral renal agenesis, and that further investigation is needed.

Abstract prepared by the editorial office from the full text of the article; the authors did not supply one.