The Role of Branding on Customer Loyalty in the Pharmaceutical Retail Sector of Zimbabwe: A Case Study of Pharmacies in Marondera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/bjhmr.106.15415Abstract
The global private retail pharmacy market is estimated to be generating over $683 billion in revenue with $280 billion of that in markets outside Europe, Japan and the United States (World Bank, 2020). Thus, the retail pharmacy sector in the modern world is the most important sector in the world and hence, the world’s biggest economies are making use of the retail pharmacy sector as an important instrument for growth (Munyoro and Dewhurst, 2010; Hameli, 2018). Thus, the shows that retail pharmacies also known as community pharmacies are playing an important role in healthcare delivery (Schumacher, 2016). In fact, these health care institutions are providing health services such as provision of drug information, medication review, treatment of minor ailments, clinical interventions, health screening, counselling on lifestyle changes, provision of both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments plus documentation and prevention of drug interactions or adverse drug interactions to the public (Okai et al, 2019). Hence, retail pharmacies in some economies are widely spread in many communities, with elongated trading hours and serving walk in customers without prior booking of an appointment (Wiedenmayer et al, 2006; Brooks et al, 2008). Thus, making them more reachable compared to other health care facilities and in the process immensely contributing to the health care delivery system of the world (Wiedenmayer et al, 2006). As a result, without doubt this then makes the retail pharmacy sector the most important sector in the world including Zimbabwe. According to a report by Mordor Intelligence, the Zimbabwe pharmaceutical market was valued at USD 542.4 million in 2020 and was expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 9.2 percent from 2021 to 2026 (www.mordorintelligence.com).
References
Aaker, D.A. (1991). Managing Brand Equity. The Free Press, New York.
Abawi, K. (2013). Data Collection Instruments (questionnaire & interview). Training in Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Geneva, 1, 18.
Abbas, U., A., Islam, K., M., A., Sajid., H, S., B., Muhammad, B. & Muhammad, N. (2021). Impact of Brand Image on Customer Loyalty with the Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction and Brand Awareness: International Journal of Marketing Research Innovation. 5. 1-15.
Abdullah, R., B., Ismail, N., B., Akmal, F., B., A., R., Suhaimin., M., B., M. & Safie, S., K., B, (2012). The Relationship between Store brands and Customer loyalty in Retailing in Malaysia’, Asian Social Science 8 (2), www.ccsenet.org
Adebisi, O. & Luwal, K. (2017) ‘The Impact of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty: A Study of Pharmaceutical Firms’: Arabian Journal of Business & Management Review Nigerian chapter.
Ajike, E., Kabuoh, M., N. & Ogbuamu, B., K. (2015). Corporate Branding as a Strategic tool in a competitive market: Social Science Journal of Policy Review and Development Strategies.
Akpan, S., J. (2018). Branding and its Effect on Customer Satisfaction: A Case Study of Bournvita, Academic Discourse: An International Journal.
Alemu, G., M. (2019). Strategic use of Branding for Competitiveness: The Rationale for Branding and Marketing Agricultural products of African countries: Journal of fair trade.
Ali, B., J., Saleh, A., S., Abdulrahman, A., A., Muhamed, A., S., Noori., H., N. & Anwar, G. (2021). Impact of Service Quality on the Customer Satisfaction: Case Study of Online Meeting Platforms. International Journal of Engineering, Business, and management, 5(2), 65-77.
Asenahabi, B. (2019). Basics of Research Design, A Guide to Selecting appropriate design: International Journal of Contemporary Applied Research.
Babbie, E., R. (2010). The Practice of Social Research. 12th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage
Bennet, R. (2001). A Study of Brand Loyalty in the Business-to-Business Service Sector’, CORE, University of Queensland.
Bhattarai, Y., R. (2016). Effect of Credit Risk on the Performance of Nepalese Commercial Banks. NRB Economic Bond, D. S., Thomas, G., J., Lipton, R., B., Roth, J., Pavlovic, J., M., Rathier, L., O’Leary, K., C., Evans, E., W. & Wing, R.,
R. (2017). Sexual Dysfunction in Women with Migraine and Overweight/obesity: Relative Frequency and Association with Migraine Severity. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face
Brackett, R., E. (1989). Changes in the Microflora of packaged fresh broccoli: Journal of Food Quality, 12(3), 169-181.
Brooks, L., Heimasath, E., G., Loring, E., L. & Brenner, C. (2008). FHA-RING ubiquitin ligases in cell division cycle control: Cell Mol Life Sci 65(21):3458-66
Bryman, C. (2012). Methodology and Techniques of Social Research. Oxford University Press.
Bryman, A. (2015). Social Research Methods, 5th edition, Oxford University Press.
Casteal, A. & Bridler, (2021). Describing population samples in Doctoral student research: International Journal of Doctoral studies.
Cayla, J. & Arnould, E., J. (2008). A Cultural Approach to Branding in the Global Marketplace: Journal of International Marketing.
Chao, R., Wu, T. & Yen, W. (2015). The influence of Service Quality, Brand Image and Customer Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty for Private Karaoke Rooms in Taiwan’, The Journal of Global Business Management.
Chatterjee, S., Jamieson, L. & Wiseman, F. (1991). Identifying Most Influential Observations in Factor Analysis: Marketing Science, 10(2), 145-160.
Chege, K. & Otieno, O. (2020). ‘Philosophy Design and Methodologies: A systematic review of Research Paradigms in Information Technology: Global scientific journal.
Chepchumba, J. (2020). The Relationship between Branding and Customer Loyalty: Examples from Eldoret town Kenya: Journal of Business Management.
Chinomona, R. (2013). Brand Service Quality, Satisfaction, Trust, and Preference as Predictors of Consumer Brand Loyalty in the Retailing Industry: Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences.
Chitemerere, T. A., & Mukanganyama, S. (2011). In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants from Zimbabwe: The African Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 5(1), 1-7.
Chiutsi, D., Suleman, E. & Perumal-Pillay, V., A. (2022). Extending Pharmacist Roles in Primary Healthcare to Meet the Needs of Universal Health Coverage in Zimbabwe: A Pharmacist Perspective and Curriculum Evaluation: MDPI, Pharmacy 10(3): 54.
Claybaugh, E. (2020). The Use of social media to Advance Sports Marketing: The Atlantic Hockey Conference.
Cochran, W., G. (1977). Sampling Techniques, 3rd Edition: John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Conway, D. (2012). Command Performance: Cengage Learning Business Press
Craig, A. M., & Malek, M. (1995). Market structure and conduct in the pharmaceutical industry: Pharmacology & therapeutics, 66(2), 301-337.
Craig Jr, H. L. (1996). Temperature and velocity effects in naphthenic acid corrosion (No. CONF-960389-). NACE International, Houston, TX (United States).
Creswell, J. (2014) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches, 3rd edition, Thousand oaks: Sage publications.
Creswell, J., W. & Creswell, J., D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approach: Sage publications.
Dall’Olmo, R., Singh, J. & Blackson, C. (2016). The Routledge Companion to Contemporary Brand Management, London, Routledge.
Dangal, G. (2021). Essentials of Health Care Management: Challenges and Way Forward. health care, 3, 8.: J Nepal Health Res Council Dangerous Drugs Act (DDA) (1975) (Chapter 15:02)
Dar, T., M. & Tariq, N. (2020). Comparison of Branding Strategies of Pharmaceuticals and Fast-Moving Consumer Goods: An Analysis of Modern World Need: European Journal of Business Management Research.
Davis, J., C. (2017). A Conceptual View of Branding for Services’: Journal of Innovative Marketing. 3(1)
Davis, L. & Smith, G., R. (2003). Nonrandom Homolog Segregation at Meiosis I in Schizosaccharomyces Pombe Mutants Lacking Recombination: Genetics, 163(3), 857-874.
Dawson, C. (2009). Practical Research Methods: A User-Friendly Guide to Mastering Research Techniques and Projects, 4th edition: How to books.
De Vos, P. (2001). Grootboom, the Right of Access to Housing and Substantive Equality as Contextual Fairness: South African Journal on Human Rights, 17(2), 258-276.
De-Gobbi, M., B. (2020). Environmental Integrity and Doing Business in Zimbabwe: Challenges and Engagement of Sustainable Enterprises: ILO working paper 2.
Denscombe, M. (2010). Questionnaires. The Good Research Guide: For Small-scale Social Research Projects, 373: Open University Press
de Wit, B. & Meyer, R., J., H. (2010). Teachers Guide Strategy Synthesis: Resolving Strategy Paradoxes to create Competitive Advantage: Academy of Management Learning and Education
Dick, A., S. & Basu, K. (1994). Customer Loyalty: Towards an Intergrated Conceptual Framework: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science.
Dickison, J., B. (2015). Customer Loyalty a Multi-attribute Approach: Research in Business and Economics Journal.
Du, S., Bhattacharya, C., B. & Sen, S. (2010). Maximizing Business Returns to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): The Role of CSR Communication: International Journal of Management Reviews.
Eliyahu-Levi, D. (2020). Cross-cultural online encounters with peers from different countries: Routledge: Taylor
Etikan, I., Musa, S., A. & Alkassim, R., S. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling: American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics.
Evans, N. (2005). Assessing the Balanced Scorecard as a Management Tool for Hotels: International Journal of contemporary Hospitality management, 17(5), 376-390.
Fahy, J. & Jobber, D. (2015). Foundations of Marketing, UK Higher Education Business Marketing, London, McGraw-Hill
Farhat, R. & Khan, B., M. (2011). Importance of Brand Personality to Customer Loyalty Conceptual Study: Lste new media and mass communication.
Fida, B. A., Ahmed, U., Al-Basushi, Y & Singh, D. (2020). Impact of service quality on costomer loyalty and customer satisfaction in Islamic banks in the Sultanate of Oma’, Sage open journals.
Franzen, G. & Moriarty, S., E. (2015). The science and art of branding. Routledge.
Frosch, C. & Johnson-Laird, P. (2009). Is causation probabilistic? In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (Vol. 31, No. 31).
Gavaza, P., Simoyi, T., Makunike, B. & Maponga, C. (2009). The Prices People pay for Medicines in Zimbabwe: The Central African journal of medicine. 55. 14-9.
Geray, D., E. (2014). Doing Research in the Real World: Sage.
Gray, D., E. (2014). Doing Research in the Real World: Sage.
Ghodeswar, M., B. (2008). Building Brand Identity in Competitive Market: A Conceptual Model: Journal of Product and Brand Management, 17, 4-12.
Goel, P., Ross-Degnan, D., Berman, P. & Soumerai, S. (1996). Retail pharmacies in developing countries: A behavior and intervention framework: Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 42 (8), pages 1155-1161, April.
Goldacre, B. (2014). Bad pharma: How drug companies mislead doctors and harm patients: Macmillan.
Goodnight, G., T. & Green, S. (2010). Rhetoric, Risk, and Markets: The Dot-com Bubble: Quarterly Journal of Speech, 96(2), 115-140.
Govo, M., Gavaza, P., Maponga, C., & Mukosera, K. (2018). Community Pharmacy Users’ Characteristics, Reasons for Visit to the Pharmacy and Perceptions of the Role of Community Pharmacists in Harare, Zimbabwe: The East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(1), 25-30.
Groonros, C. (2007). Service Management and Marketing, 3rd Edition, England: John wiley and sons.
Gumpili, S. & Das, A. (2021). Sample Size and its Evolution in Research: Ihope journal of Ophthalmology.
Gürbüz, S. (2017). Survey as a Quantitative Research Method: Research Methods and Techniques in Public Relations and Advertising, 2017, 141-62.
Haigh, M. (2014). From Internationalisation to Education for Global Citizenship: A Multi-Layered history. Higher Education Quarterly, 68(1), 6-27.
Hamel, G., Doz, Y., L. & Prahalad, C., K. (1989). Collaborate with Your Competitors and Win: Harvard Business
Hamel, P. (2000). The Fragmentation of Social Movements and Social Justice: Urban Movements in a Globalising World, 157.
Hameli, K. (2018). A Literature Review of Retailing Sector and Business Retailing types: ILIRIA International Health Professions Act of 2000 (Chapter 27:19)
Heskett, J., L., Jones, T., O., Loveman, G., W., Earl Sasser, Jr, W. & Schlesinger, L. (2011). Putting the Service Profit Chain to work: Harvard Business Review.
Homburg, C., Klarmann, M. & Schmitt, J. (2010). Brand Awareness in Business markets: When is it related to firm performance? International Journal of Research in Marketing.
Honderich, T. (2009). Determinism as True, Both Compatibilism and Incompatibilism as False, and the Real Problem: Oxford Academic Books
Iddrisua, A., M., Noonib, I., K., Fiankoc, K., S., Mensahd, W. (2015). Assessing the Impact of Service Quality on Customer Loyalty: A Case Study of the Cellular Industry of Ghana: British Journal of Marketing Studies Vol.3, No.6, pp.15-30, July: European Centre for Research Training and Development UK
Illieska, I. (2013). Customer Satisfaction Index as a Base for Strategic Marketing Management: TEM Journal.
ILO (2018). The Enabling Environment for Sustainable Enterprises in Zimbabwe, Geneva.
Islam, N., M. (2013). Business environment in Zimbabwe: University of Dakar.
Jackson, M., O. (2011). An Overview of Social Networks and Economic Applications: Handbook of Social Economics, 1, 511-585.
Jalil, M. (2013). Practical Guidelines for Conducting Research - Summarising Good Research Practice in Line with the DCED Standard: SSRN Electronic Journal.
Jameson, G., Harbot, G. & Riches, N. (1991). The Development and Application of the Jameson Cell: Conference: AusIMM Fourth Mill Operators’ Conference
Johnson, P. & Clark, M. (2006). Business Management and Research Methodologies: Sage Library.
Jones, R. (2010). Corporate Branding: The Role of Vision in Implementing the Corporate Brand: Journal of Innovative marketing.
Kahn, K. (2012). An Examination of New Product Development Best Practice: Journal of product innovation management.
Kaufman, C. (2005). Internet key Exchange (IKEv2) protocol (No. rfc4306): Network Working Group.
Keller, K., L. (1993). The Effects of Corporate Branding Strategies on Brand Equity: ACR North American Advances.
Khadka, K. & Maharjan, S. (2017). Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: Centurion university of applied sciences, Business management.
Khoza, A. (2016). Pharmacy sector Profitability and Sustainability in Bulawayo Zimbabwe: Waldon university scholar works.
King, N. & Horrocks, C. (2010) Interviews in Qualitative Research: Sage, London. 174
Kollewe, J. (2014). Lloyd’s calls on Insurers to take into Account Climate-Change risk: The Guardian
Kotler, P. (2009). Marketing management: A south Asian perspective: Pearson Education India.
Kotler, P. & Armstrong, G. (2012). Principles of Marketing, 14th Edition: Pearson Education Limited, Essex, England.
Kotler, P. & Keller, K. (2014) Marketing Management, 15th Edition: Prentice Hall, Saddle River.
Kron, I, (2015). Global online Entrepreneurship and the Impact on Innovation in Brands: Emerging markets journal.
Kujtim, H. (2018). A Literature Review of Retailing Sector and Business Retailing types: ILIRIA International review 8(1).
Kuratko, D., F., Hornsby, J., S. & Covin, J., G. (2014). Diagnosing a Firm's Internal Environment for Corporate Entrepreneurship: Business Horizons, 57(1), 37-47.
Lassar, W. (2013). An Empirical Evaluation of Graham’s Model of Principled Organizational Dissent in the Whistleblower Context Post-SOX: Journal of Forensic & Investigative Accounting.
Latif, W. B., Islam, M. & Mdnoor, I. (2014). Building Brand Awareness in the Modern Marketing Environment: A conceptual model: International journal of business technopreneurship.
Lipton and Thomas, (2017). Inference to the Best Explanation: Wiley
Markovic, S., Iglesias, O., Singh, J., J. & Sierra, V. (2018). How does perceived ethicality of corporate services brands influence loyalty and positive word of mouth? Analyzing the roles of empathy, Affective commitment and perceived quality: Journal of business ethics.
Marume, A., Maradzika, J. & January, J. (2018). Adolescent sexting and risky sexual behaviours in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study: Sexuality & Culture, 22, 931-941.
Mason, M. (2007). Critical Thinking and Learning. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 39(4), 339-349.
Mathiyazhagan, T. & Nandan, D. (2010). Survey Research Method: Media Mimansa, 4(1), 34-45.
McKeon, N. (2021). Global Food Governance: Development, 64(3-4), 172-180. Medlineplus.gov/genetics
MCAZ (2022). Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe Publications
Methaq, A., S. (2016). An Investigation of Corporate Image Effect on WOM: The Role of Customer Satisfaction and Trust: International Journal of Business Administration, 7(3).
Miller, T. (2019). Explanation in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the social sciences: Artificial intelligence, 267, 1-38.
Miller, R. & Goodman, C. (2016). Performance of Retail Pharmacies in Low- and Middle-Income: Asian setting: A Systematic Review, Health and policy planning.
Mirzaei, A., Carter, S., R. & Schneider, C., R. (2018). Marketing Activity in the Community Pharmacy Sector – A Scoping Review: Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy.
Mitchell, R., Hutchinson, K., Quinn, B. & Gilmore, A. (2015). A Framework for SME Retail Branding: Journal of Marketing Management.
Mohiuddin, A., K. (2020). A Pandemic Review of Covid-19 situation in Bangladesh: Journal of Bioscience & Biomedical Engineering, 1(1), 1-9. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/bjhmr.106.15415. 175
Moynihan, R. (2003). Who pays for the pizza? Redefining the Relationships between Doctors and Drug Companies. 2: Disentanglement. Bmj, 326(7400), 1193-1196.
Muaz, M., Ali, S., F., Fatima, A. & Nazar, N. (2013). Human Fall Detection: Conference: Multi Topic Conference (INMIC), 2013 16th International, Lahore, Pakistan
Munyoro, G. & Dewhurst, J., H., L. (2010). The Significance of Identifying Industrial clusters: The Case of Scotland. SIRE ISSN:1473-236X.
Munyoro, G. & Sithole, K., D. (2023). The Contribution of Brand Recognition in Enhancing Customer Retention in the Buying of Tea products in Zimbabwe: A Case Study of Tanganda Tea Company. Africa Development and Resources Research Institute Journal, Ghana: Vol. 32, No. 2 (9), Pp. 51-88, E-ISSN: 2343-6662, June.
Munyoro, G. & Hodzi, T. (2023). The Contribution of Brand Awareness on Customer Retention in The Mini-Markets in Zimbabwe: A Case Study of Zuva Petroleum Ltd.’s Presto Mini-Markets: International Journal of Current Research in Science and Technology Volume 9, Issue 05 May
Munyoro, G. & Gorejena, L. (2020). The Contribution of Brand Awareness in the Uptake of Banking products in Zimbabwe: A Case Study of National Building Society: Business and Management Research Journal.
Munyoro, G. and Nhevere, W. (2019). The Contribution of Celebrity Endorsement to University Students Buying Behaviour in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Chinhoyi University of Technology students: International Journal of research and Business Economics Management’.
Munyoro, G. and Nyereyemhuka, O. (2019). The Contribution of Customer Relationship Management on Customer Retention in the Zimbabwean Banking sector: A Case Study of ZB Bank: International Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management: Vol. 3, Issue, 1
Munyoro, G., Makota, B. and Tanhara, J., R. (2016). The Significance of Entrepreneurial Culture in Vocational Training Centres: A Case Study of Mupfure Vocational Centre’, International Journal of Research in Business Management (IMPACT: IJRBM) ISSN (P): 2347-4572; ISSN(E): 2321-886X Vol. 4, Issue 10, pp. 55-70: October, Impact Journals
Musumali, B. (2019). An Analysis of Why Customers are so Important and How Marketers go about in Understanding their decisions: Business marketing research journal.
Muzellac, L. and Lambkin, M., C. (2009). Corporate branding and brand architecture: A conceptual framework’, Sage.
Napasri, S. & Whitthayn, M. (2020). Factors Contributing to Customers Buying Behaviour at Pharmacy? Does the Brand Image Mediate the Customer’s Buying Behaviour in Thailand: Systematic Review in Pharmacy, 11(4) pp.127-134.
Ndlovu, S., Jembere, S. & Mlambo, V., H. (2020). The Impact of Social Media Communication on the Brand Loyalty of Rural Based University students: Journal of African Films & Diaspora Studies.
Nethaq, A., S. (2016). The Impact of Brand Image and Corporate Branding on Consumer s’ Choice: The Role of Brand Equity: International Journal of marketing.
Neuman, W. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches: Pearson, Essex, UK.
Noor, Z., Z. (2020). The Model of Pharmacies Customer Loyalty in Chemical Farma: Systematic Review Pharmacy.
Norris, H., T. (1975). The Tuaregs: Their Islamic Legacy and its Diffusion in the Sahel: Cambridge University Press
Nurunnabi, M., Hossain, M. & Hossain. (2011). Intellectual Capital Reporting in a South Asian country: Evidence from Bangladesh: Journal of Human Resource Costing & Accounting, 15(3), 196-233.
Nwabueze, R., N. (2008). Donated Organs, Property Rights and the Remedial Quagmire: Medical Law Review, 16(2), 201-224.
Odoom, R. (2016). Brand Marketing Programs and Consumer Loyalty – Evidence from Mobile Phone Users in Emerging Market: Journal of Product Brand Management.
Okai, G., A., Abekah-Nkrumah, G. & Asuming, P., O. (2019). Perceptions and Trends in the Use of Community Pharmacies in Ghana: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 12(1), 1-9.
Olajide, O. and Otori, Y., A. (2020). Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty: A Study Proposing Brand Image as a Moderator: International journal of Management Social Sciences Peace and Conflict studies.
O'Neil, C. & Schutt, R. (2013). Doing data science: Straight talk from the frontline: " O'Reilly Media, Inc.".
Owens, L., K. (2002). Introduction to Survey Research Design: In SRL fall 2002 seminar series (Vol. 1).
Padilla-Diaz, M. (2015). Phenomenology in Educational Qualitative Research: Philosophy as Science or Philosophical Science? International Journal of Educational Excellence.
Parasuranan, A., Ziethal, V. and Bery, U. (1988). Servqual: Journal of retailing.
Pepelkon, J. and Zhang, D., D. (2011). Brand Personality and Customer Trust in Community Pharmacies: International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Care Marketing.
Pereira, P., Ardigo, C. and Limberger, P. (2021). Brand Reputation and Relationships with Customer Loyalty in the Retail Pharmacy Sector: A Case Study: Reusta Brasileira De Gestao de Negocious.
Perepelkin, J., & Zhang, D. (2011). Brand Personality and Brand Personality and Pharmacies: International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 5(3), 175-193.
Prahalad, C., K. and Hamel, G. (1989). Strategic Intent: To revitalise corporate performance, we need a whole new model of strategy: Harvard Business Review
Polit, D., F., Polit-O'Hara, D. & Hungler, B., P. (1993). Study Guide for Essentials of Nursing Research: Methods, Appraisal, and Utilization: Lippincott
Ponto, J., A. (2010). Predictors of Adjustment and Growth in Women with Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: Number 3/May 2010, 37(3), 357-364.
Ramos, J., P. (2017). Views of Community Pharmacist in Managing Retail Pharmacy along Sta Maria Bulach: JAASP research paper.
Ranchhod, A. (2004). The Changing Nature of Cyber-Marketing Strategies: Business Process Management Journal, 10(3), 262-276.
Reicks, A. L., Brooks, J., C., Kelly, J., M., Kuecker, W., G., Boillot, K., Irion, R., & Miller, M. F. (2008). National Meat Case Study 2004: Product Labeling Information, Branding, and packaging trends: Journal of Animal Science, 86(12), 3593-3599.
Robinson, R. (1993). Cost-Benefit Analysis: British Medical Journal, 307(6909), 924-926.
Romachandran, S. and Balasubramanian, S. (2020). Examining the Role of Brand Loyalty among Consumers of Technology products: MDPI sustainability journal. 177 Şahin, Ç. & Hacısalihoğlu, E. (2018). Looking Closer to the New Cooperativism: Practices of Agricultural and Consumer Cooperatives in Turkey, Current Debates: In Labour Economics & Industrial Relations: IJOPEC Istanbul Publication
Sammut-Bonnici, T. (2015). Strategic Management: International management.
Sanjoy, K., P. and Yogeshwer, S. (2002). Herbal Medicine: Current Status and the Future: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol 4, 2003 pp 281-288
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2007). Research Methods. Business Students 4th edition: Pearson Education Limited, England, 6(3), 1-268.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2012). Research Methods for Business Students, 6th edition: Pearson Education Limited.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2016). Research Methods for Business Students (7th ed.). Edinburg Gate: Pearson Education Limited, Harlow
Saunders, M.N.K., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2019) Research Methods for Business Students. 8th Edition, Pearson, London.
Scahill, S., Atif, M. and Babar, Z. (2017). Defining Pharmacy and its Practices: A Conceptual Model for An International Audience, Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice: Dove press.
Schechter, J. (2013). Rational Self-doubt and the Failure of Closure: Philosophical Studies, 163, 429-452.
Schmidt, R., A. and Ploch, E., A. (2005). Community Pharmacies under Pressure: Can branding help? International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management.
Schmitt, C. (2012). Legalität und Legitimität: Duncker und Humblot: (pp. 1-99).
Schumacher, M. (2016). Dharma Lion: A Biography of Allen Ginsberg: University of Minnesota Press.
Schutt, R. & O'Neil, C. (2013). Doing Data Science: O'Reilly Media, Inc.
Shahid, M., Shamshad, S., Rafiq, M., Khalid, S., Bibi, I., Niazi, N., K., Dumat, C., Rashid, M., I. (2017) Chromium speciation, bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and detox-ification in soil-plant system: A Review. Chemosphere178:513–533. https://doi.org
Shahid, Z., Hussain, T & Zafar, F. (2017). The Impact of Brand Awareness on the Consumers’ Purchase Intention: Journal of Accounting & Marketing, 06(01)
Shumba, A., N. (2014). Conceptions of “Child” among Traditional Africans: A Philosophical Purview: Journal of Human Ecology
Sedgewick, P. (2013). Convenience Sampling: British Medical Journal.
Sen, A. (2010). Adam Smith and the Contemporary World: Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics, 3(1), 50-67.
Seturi, M. (2017). Brand Awareness and Success in the Market: Journal of scientific publications.
Setyawan, A. & Imronudin, K. (2015). Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty: An Empirical Study in Indonesia Consumers: British Journal of Marketing Studies.
Shahid, Z., Hussan, T. & Azafaar, F. (2017). The Impact of Brand Awareness on the Customer’s Purchase Intention: Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research.
Sharif, I. (2018). Basics of Pharmacy: Research gate.
Sherman, H., J. (2014). The Business Cycle: Growth and Crisis under Capitalism: Princeton University Press, (Vol.
Showkat, N. & Parveen, H. (2017). In-depth Interview: Quadrant-I (e-text), 1-9.
Shumba, B., M. (2014). An Evaluation of Indigenisation policy in Zimbabwe (Doctoral dissertation).
Simba, A. and Nyandoro, Z. (2016). Strategic Management in Retail pharmacy: The Case of Zimbabwean companies: African journal of Business management.
Smandar, D., E., Abed, F. & Stiban, J. (2017). Carbon dioxide in carbonated beverages induces ghrelin release and increased food consumption in male rats: Implications on the onset of obesity: Obesity Research & Clinical Practice: Volume 11, Issue 5, pp. 534-543
Summut-Bonnici, T., & Galea, D. (2015). PEST Analysis. In Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sammut-Bonnici, T. (2015) ‘Strategic management’, International management.
Spies, M. (2014). Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: Determining XPD Helicase Mechanism by Single-molecule Fluorescence and High-resolution Optical tweezers. DNA repair, 20, 58-70.
Stanila, L., Andreica, M., E. & Cristescu, A. (2014). Econometric Analysis of the Employment rate for the EU countries: Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 178-182.
Suwarnajole, N. and Mekhum, W. (2020). Factors Contributing to Customers’ Buying Behaviour at Pharmacy, Does the Brand Image mediate the Customers Buying Behaviour in Thailand: Systematic Review Pharmacy.
Tassone, B., G. (2017). The Relevance of Husserl’s Phenomenologival explotration of interoirityto Contemporary Epistemology: Palgrave communications.
Thakur, H. (2021). Research Methodology in Social Sciences (a short manual): New-Delhi, Corvette.
Thomas, M., D. (2018). The securitization of climate change: Australian and United States’ military responses (2003-2013) (Vol. 10). Springer.
Tobi, H. & Kampen, J., K. (2018). Research Design: The Methodology for Interdisciplinary Research Framework: Quality & Quantity, 52, 1209-1225.
Vorobej, M. (1992). Defining Deduction: Informal Logic, 14(2).
Weber, R. and Randall, C. (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Urban Planning: Oxford University Press
Weber, R. and Randall, C. (2018). The Oxford Handbook of Urban Planning: Oxford University Press
Wheeler, (1946). Using research: Supporting organizational change and improvement: Business Information Review, 26(2), 112–120.
Wheeler, S. (2009). Using research: Supporting organizational change and improvement: Business Information Review, 26(2), 112–120.
Wiedenmayer, K., Summers, R., S., Mackie, C., A., Gous, A., G., S., Everard, M. & Tromp, D. (2006). Developing Pharmacy Practice: A Focus on Patient Care: Department of Medicines Policy and Standards, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland in collaboration with International Pharmaceutical Federation, The Hague, The Netherlands
Wilbanks, J., J. (2010). Defining Deduction, Induction, and validity. Argumentation, 24(1), 107-124.
Woiceshyn, J. & Daellenbach, U. (2018). Evaluating Inductive vs Deductive Research in Management studies: Implications for authors, editors, and reviewers: Discover Journals, Books & Case Studies. Emerald Publishing House: Vol. 13, Issue. No. 2, pp. 183-195. ISSN: 1746-5648
World Bank. (2017). Private Sector Pharmaceutical Distribution and Retailing in Emerging Markets: International Finance Corporation World Bank Group.
World Bank. (2020). Global economic prospects, June 2020. The World Bank.
Zimbabwe National Census Report (2022). Zimstat zimlii.org. https://www.sundaymail.co.zwhttps://www.theindependent.co.zwhttps://www.onshelf.co.zahttps://www.news24.comhttps://www.aljazeera.com;https://www.worlddata.infohttps://www.mordorintelligence.comhttps://www.who.int; www.picomto.comhttps://www2.deloitte.comhttps://www.mckinsey.comhttps://irglobal.comhttps://onlineservices.mcaz.co.zw/onlineregisterhttps://pharmacysolutionsonline.comhttps://www.accespharma.ca/en/health-advices/role-of-your-pharmacist/various-services-offered-in-thepharmacyhttps://www.law.co.zw/download/health-professionshttps://www.mcaz.co.zw/sdm_downloads/medicines-and-allied-substances-controlhttps://www.uniprix.com/en/tips/1/health/new-services-at-the-pharmacyhttps://www.zimstat.co.zw/wp-contenthttps://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/blog/health-care-blog/2021/the-future-of-retail-pharmacies. 180 https://www.pharmacy.cuhk.edu.hkhttps://www.medlineplus.gov/geneticshttps://www.knowleswellness.com;https://www.ell.stackexchange.comhttps://www.www.digitalpharmacist.comhttps://www.www.law.co.zw
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Gerald Munyoro, Santana Mitchell Mapfunde, Priscilla Madzinga-Kusena
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
