Factors that Determine the Self-Efficacy of The Maternal Care in Postpartum Women: Data for Future Memory
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/bjhmr.101.14110Keywords:
Self-efficacy, infant care, postpartum period, breast feeding, logistic modelsAbstract
The birth of a child demands the provision of care. Mothers have different levels of safety or confidence when it comes to caring, which reveals the perception of self-efficacy. Our aim is to register, for future memory, the factors associated with self-efficacy in maternal care. Quantitative and cross-sectional study. It explores sociodemographic factors, factors related to the pregnancy and labor history, the newborn's characteristics, and related care environment with self-efficacy in maternal care. The study population included postpartum women from two Turkish maternity hospitals, in convenient sampling, with a response rate of 93,4%. Prudent ethical principles. The criterion variable was observed through the Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMP S-E). The statistical analysis was carried out on the SPSS software. The participants had an average age of 27.81(DP=5.13), the majority were married (95.9%) and for 40.1% this was their first child. The majority of labors were vaginal (52.4%). When it comes to the criterion variable, about 70% had a high perception regarding self-efficacy in maternal care. The univariate analysis revealed eight variables, included in the logistic regression: maternal age (p=.050), number of children (p<.001), number of prenatal appointments (p=.006), time that elapsed between the birth and the first episode of breastfeeding (p=.047), maternal safety while breastfeeding (p<.001), type of food given to the newborn p=.011), midwife support for exclusive maternal breastfeeding (p<.001) and maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy (p<.001). In the binary logistic regression, the best predictors of self-efficacy in maternal care were: midwife support for exclusive maternal breastfeeding (OR=1.092; B=0,088) and the self-efficacy in the maternal breastfeeding (OR=13.187; B=2.579). When it comes to maternal breastfeeding, both from the perspective of self-efficacy and the support offered by professionals, are the most relevant factors in the perception of maternal skills recognized by mothers. This study fills an information gap about the phenomenon, looking at it in retrospect.
References
Barnes CR, Adamson-Macedo EN. Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMP S-E) tool: development and validation with mothers of hospitalized preterm neonates. J Adv Nurs. 2007;60(5):550-60.
Kahya Y, Uluc S. The Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficay (PMP S-E) Tool: the adaptation study in the context of attachment styles and mood in the first-time mothers. Dusunen Adam: Journal of Psychiatry & Neurological Sciences. 2021;34(1):50-63.
Bandura A, Azzi R, Polydoro S. Teoria social Cognitiva. Conceitos Básicos. Alegre: Artmed; 2008.
Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 1986;1986(23-28).
Wittkowski A, Garrett C, Calam R, Weisberg D. Self-Report Measures of Parental Self-Efficacy: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2017;26.
Fang Y, Boelens M, Windhorst DA, Raat H, van Grieken A. Factors associated with parenting self-efficacy: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2021;77(6):2641-61.
Botha E, Helminen M, Kaunonen M, Lubbe W, Joronen K. Mothers’ parenting self-efficacy, satisfaction and perceptions of their infants during the first days postpartum. Midwifery. 2020;88:102760.
Murdock KW. An examination of parental self-efficacy among mothers and fathers. Psychology of Men & Masculinity. 2013;14(3):314-23.
Wang Q, Zhang Y, Li X, Ye Z, Huang L, Zheng X. Exploring Maternal Self-Efficacy of First-Time Mothers among Rural-to-Urban Floating Women: A Quantitative Longitudinal Study in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(6).
Citak Bilgin N, Ak B, Ayhan F, Kocyigit F, Yorgun S, Topcuoglu MA. Effect of childbirth education on the perceptions of childbirth and breastfeeding self-efficacy and the obstetric outcomes of nulliparous women(*,**,**). Health Care Women Int. 2020;41(2):188-204.
Bahorski JS, Childs GD, Loan LA, Azuero A, Morrison SA, Chandler-Laney PC, et al. Self-efficacy, infant feeding practices, and infant weight gain: An integrative review. Journal of Child Health Care. 300 2018;23(2):286-310.
Çankaya S, Şimşek B. Effects of Antenatal Education on Fear of Birth, Depression, Anxiety, Childbirth Self-Efficacy, and Mode of Delivery in Primiparous Pregnant Women: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. Clin Nurs Res. 2020:1054773820916984.
Sahip Y, Turan JM. Education for expectant fathers in workplaces in Turkey. J Biosoc Sci. 2007;39(6):843-60.
Almeida L, Freire T. Metodologia da Investigação em Psicologia e Educação. Coimbra: Psiquilíbrios Edições; 2017.
Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing Research. 11 ed. London: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business; 2020.
Aluş Tokat M, Okumuş H, Dennis CL. Translation and psychometric assessment of the Breast-feeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form among pregnant and postnatal women in Turkey. Midwifery. 2010;26(1):101-8.
Armonk. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. 24.0 ed. NY: Armonk; 2016.
Field AP. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. London: SAGE; 2018.
Midi H, Sarkar S, Rana S. Colinearity diagnostics of binary logistic regression model. Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics. 2010;13(3):253-67.
OECD. Family indicators. Paris: OECD Social and Welfare Statistics (database) 2021.
OECD. Fertility rates (indicator). Paris: OECD Social and Welfare Statistics (database); 2021.
Kowal M, Groyecka-Bernard A, Kochan-Wójcik M, Sorokowski P. When and how does the number of children affect marital satisfaction? An international survey. PloS one. 2021;16(4):e0249516-e.
WHO. Preventing gender-biased sex selection. An integrated statement OHCHR, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN Women and WHO. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. 26 p.
Altindag O. Son Preference, Fertility Decline, and the Nonmissing Girls of Turkey. Demography. 2016;53(2):541-66.
Claxton A, Perry-Jenkins M. No Fun Anymore: Leisure and Marital Quality Across the Transition to Parenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family. 2008;70(1):28-43.
Ter Kuile H, Finkenauer C, van der Lippe T, Kluwer ES. Changes in Relationship Commitment Across the Transition to Parenthood: Pre-pregnancy Happiness as a Protective Resource. Frontiers in Psychology. 2021;12:132.
Shaikh Q, Aljasser DS, Albalawi AM. Parenting behaviors, marital discord and the mental health of young females: a cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 2020;40(1):49-54.
Earp BD, Sandberg A, Savulescu J. Natural Selection, Childrearing, and the Ethics of Marriage (and Divorce): Building a Case for the Neuroenhancement of Human Relationships. Philosophy & technology. 2012;25(4):561-87.
OECD. Chapter 1. The Turkish education system. OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education: Student Assessment in Turkey. Paris: OECD Library; 2021.
Findik LY. Gender disparity in Turkish Higher Education. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 2016;4(10):2499-504.
Çöker B. GIRL’S EDUCATION IN TURKEY: AN ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION POLICIES FROM A FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE. European Journal of Education Studies. 2020;7.
Brown D. Consensus from Cairo. Popul Concern News. 1994(9):2.
Seufert-barr N. Obstacles to women's progress to be addressed in Beijing. UN Chron. 1995;32(1):84.
Singh R. Women's Rights at the Cairo Conference. India International Centre Quarterly. 1994;21(4):143-8.
Amin A, Remme M, Allotey P, Askew I. Gender equality by 2045: reimagining a healthier future for women and girls. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2021;373:n1621-n.
WHO. Nurses and midwives. A vital resource for health in the WHO European Region Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2021 [Available from: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Healthsystems/nursing-and-midwifery/data-and-statistics/infographic-nurses-and-midwives.
Engin-Üstün Y, Sanisoğlu S, Keskin HL, Karaahmetoğlu S, Özcan A, Çelen Ş, et al. Changing trends in the Turkish maternal deaths, with a focus on direct and indirect causes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019;234:21-5.
Eyi EGY, Mollamahmutoglu L. An analysis of the high cesarean section rates in Turkey by Robson classification. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021;34(16):2682-92.
Pang MW, Leung TN, Lau TK, Hang Chung TK. Impact of first childbirth on changes in women's preference for mode of delivery: follow-up of a longitudinal observational study. Birth. 2008;35(2):121-8.
Gökçe İsbir G, İnci F, Önal H, Yıldız PD. The effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study. Appl Nurs Res. 2016;32:227-32.
OECD. Health at a Glance 2015: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2015.
Santas G, Santas F. Trends of caesarean section rates in Turkey. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;38(5):658-62.
WHO/RHR. WHO statement on caesarean section rates. WHO/RHR/15.02. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
Erbaydar N. Mother-friendly hospital programme of Turkey: national intervention to improve the quality of maternity services. East Mediterr Health J. 2021;27(2):202-10.
Moore ER, Bergman N, Anderson GC, Medley N. Early skin‐to‐skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016(11).
Gianni ML, Bettinelli ME, Manfra P, Sorrentino G, Bezze E, Plevani L, et al. Breastfeeding Difficulties and Risk for Early Breastfeeding Cessation. Nutrients. 2019;11(10):2266.
Pérez-Escamilla R, Martinez JL, Segura-Pérez S. Impact of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative on breastfeeding and child health outcomes: a systematic review. Maternal & Child Nutrition. 2016;12(3):402-17.
WHO. Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services: Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Implementacion Guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018.
Çaylan N, Kılıç M, Tetik B, Armut C, Tezel B. Breastfeeding Promotion and Baby-Friendly Health Facilities in Turkey: A Systematic Approach to Scale up the Program Türkiye'de Emzirmenin Teşviki ve Bebek Dostu Sağlık Kuruluşları. 2019.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Margarida Sim-Sim, Hacer Sonmezer Öcal, Fatma Ayhan, Maria Barros, Tuba Korkmaz Aslan, Ana Frias, Otília Zangão
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
