Formation of Bezoar in an Elderly Patient with Alzheimer’s Disease: Bezoar in a Patient with Alzheimer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/jbemi.93.12425Keywords:
Bezoar, Alzheimer disease, elderly, digestive endoscopy.Abstract
Bezoar is characterized as a mass that derives from a non-digestible foreign material and that accumulates in the gastrointestinal tract, usually in the stomach. This phenomenon usually occurs in people with some type of comorbidity or that have certain predisposing factors, such as gastrointestinal motility disorders or some psychiatric illness. There are different types of ingested materials that favor the formation of the bezoar and among the known materials we highlight the mattress foam, that generates an occupational bezoar. We report an unusual case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric ulcers, resulting from an occupational bezoar in an elderly patient with Alzheimer's disease, which was only discovered due to the symptoms of frequent vomiting and subsequently due to hematemesis and melena, due to gastric ulcers formed. The prevention of these incidents is a safe practice that must be performed by all professionals who deal with the elderly people with some type of vulnerability, especially those who has Alzheimer's disease.
References
Palchaudhuri S. Bezoars: Recognizing and Managing These Stubborn, Sometimes Hairy, Roadblocks of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Practical Gastrointerology 2021; XLV(3) series 208: 26-32. Available at: https://practicalgastro.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Parrish-March-2021.pdf
Khan S, Khan IA, Ullah K, Khan S, Wang X, Zhu LP, Rehman MU, Chen X, Wang BM. Etiological aspects of intragastric bezoars and its associations to the gastric function implications: A case report and a literature review. Medicine 2018 Jul; 97(27): e11320. Doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011320. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29979404/Yakan S, Sirinocak A, Telciler KE, Tekeli MT, Deneçli AG. A rare cause of acute abdomen: small bowel obstruction due to phytobezoar. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2010; 16: 459-463.
Ghosheh B, Salameh JR. Laparoscopic approach to acute small bowel obstruction: review of 1061 cases. Surg Endosc 2007; 21: 1945-1949. DOI: 10.1007/s00464-007-9575-3. de Toledo AP, Rodrigues FH, Rodrigues MR, Sato DT, Nonose R, Nascimento EF, Martinez CA. Diospyrobezoar as a cause of small bowel obstruction. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2012; 6: 596-603. DOI: 10.1159/000343161. Riley DS, Barber MS, Kienle GS, et al. CARE guidelines for case reports: explanation and elaboration document. J Clin Epidemiol 2017; 89:218-235. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.04.026
Paschos KA, Chatzigeorgiadis A. Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of bezoars. Ann Gastroenterol 2019;32(3):224-232. doi:10.20524/aog.2019.0370. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6479654/Shah M, Wan DQ, Liu Y, Rhoads JM. Gastric Bezoar: Retrieve it, Leave it, or Disbelieve it? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72(2): e31-e36. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000002923.
Mahir S, Salih AM, Ahmed OF, Kakamad FH, Salih RQ, Mohammed SH, Usf DC, Hassan HA, Abdulla F. Giant phytobezoar; an unusual cause of gastric outlet obstruction: A case report with literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2020; 67:154-156. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.02.012. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210261220300869
Chintamani, Durkhure R, Singh JP, Singhal V. Cotton Bezoar- a rare cause of intestinal obstruction: case report. BMC Surgery 2003; 3(1): 1-4. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2482-3-5 138
Sechopoulos P, Robotis JF, Rokkas T. Gastric bezoar treated endoscopically with a carbonated beverage: case report. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2004; 60(4): 662–4. Available at: https://www.giejournal.org/article/S0016-5107(04)01872-3/abstract
Iwamuro M, Okada H, Matsueda K, et al. Review of the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal bezoars. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 7(4):336-345. doi:10.4253/wjge.v7.i4.336 . Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4400622/Salvatore MG, Palermo M, Moreau R, Ruiz HD, Mena LE. Tricobezoar Gástrico: Algoritmo Diagnóstico. Revista Argentina de Radiología [en linea] 2005; 69(3): 165-168. Available at: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=382538437005
Silva FG, Gonçalves C, Vasconcelos H, Cotrim I. Endoscopic and Enzymatic Treatment of Gastric Bezoar with Acetylcysteine. Endoscopy 2002; 34(10): 845. Available at https://www.thiemeconnect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-2002-34265
Robles R, Parrilla P, Escamilla C, Lujan JA, Torralba JA, Liron R, et al. Gastrointestinal bezoars. British Journal of Surgery 1994; 81(7): 1000–1. Available at: https://bjssjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bjs.1800810723
Jain SA, Agarwal L, Khyalia A, Chandolia P, Kaknale H. Pharmacobezoar—a rare case presented as gastric outlet obstruction, Journal of Surgical Case Reports 2018; 5: 1-3. Doi:10.1093/jscr/rjy116. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/jscr/article/2018/5/rjy116/5017811
Baumgart M, Snyder HM, Carrillo MC, Fazio S, Kim H, Johns H. Summary of the evidence on modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia: A population-based perspective. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 2015; 11(6): 718-726. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26045020/Monteiro CA, Moura EC, Jaime PC, Lucca A, Florindo AA, Figueiredo ICR, Bernal R, Silva NN. Monitoramento de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas por meio de entrevistas telefônicas: métodos e resultados no município de São Paulo. Rev Saude Publica 2005; 39(1): 47-57. Available at: https://www.scielo.br/j/rsp/a/QPW6YmCswVV8TzT4tTHs85p/?lang=pt
Hakansson K, Rovio S, Helkala EL, Vilska AR, Winblad B, Soininen H, Nissinen A, Mohammed AH, Kivipelto M. Association between mid-life marital status and cognitive function in later life: population based cohort study. BMJ 2009; 339: b2462. Available at: https://www.bmj.com/content/339/bmj.b2462
Ballard C, Gauthier S, Corbett A, Brayne C, Aarsland D, Jones E. Alzheimer’s disease Lancet 2011; 377(9770): 1019-1031. Available at: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)61349-9/fulltext
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 G. R. Casandra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
