Extended Literature Review of Implementing a Strategic Change in Health Care System: The Importance of Leadership and Change Readiness
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/bjhr.1203.18828Keywords:
Change Readiness, Change Management, Leadership, Employee’s Engagement, Quality Improvement, Strategy ImplementationAbstract
An extended literature review conducted in relation to initiate a management change in a healthcare organisation, to enhance nurse’s engagement in quality meetings by implementing a specific strategic change related to leadership importance and change significant change readiness. Aim: To develop awareness of issues likely to enhance employee engagement level towards the quality meeting in X organisation, with a particular reference to leadership. Methodology: Various literature, journal, articles, reports and books reviewed to accomplish the aim of this paper, by considering leadership necessities and change readiness.A significant strategy implemented with leadership support to implement the change in the organisation and to enhance nurses’ engagement in quality meetings. Findings: Leaders are important to develop a considerable change within the organisation, by increasing the change readiness and managing the change through different techniques such as policy and guidelines, workshops and training and changing the culture. Recommendations: Provide extensive training to the leaders to enhance their skills. Develop training about quality to increase nurse’s awareness about the quality concept and provide policies related to the quality. Overcome the issues that interfere with nurse’s engagement in quality meetings.
References
ACHTERBERG, W., POT, A. M., KERKSTRA, A., OOMS, M., MULLER, M. & RIBBE, M. 2003. The effect of depression on social engagement in newly admitted Dutch nursing home residents. The Gerontologist, 43, 213-218.
AHN, M. J., ADAMSON, J. S. & DORNBUSCH, D. 2004. From leaders to leadership: Managing change. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 10, 112-123.
ALJARIDA (2007) SABAH ALAHMED UROLOGY CENTER. AVAILABLE FROM: http://www.aljarida.com/articles/1462239278993438600/?previous=2013-02-05 [ACCESSED 30 MAY 2018].
ALVESSON, M. & SPICER, A. 2012. Critical leadership studies: The case for critical performativity. Human relations, 65, 367-390.
AMATAYAKUL, M. 2005. EHR? Assess readiness first: there's no denying interest in electronic health records is increasing. Healthcare Financial Management, 59, 112-114.
ANDERSSON, R., ERIKSSON, H. & TORSTENSSON, H. 2006. Similarities and differences between TQM, Six Sigma and Lean. The TQM magazine, 18, 282-296.
ANDERSON, D. & ANDERSON, L. A. 2010a. Beyond change management: How to achieve breakthrough results through conscious change leadership, John Wiley & Sons.
ANDERSON, L. A. & ANDERSON, D. 2010b. The change leader's roadmap: How to navigate your organization's transformation, John Wiley & Sons.
ANTONAKIS, J., AVOLIO, B. J. & SIVASUBRAMANIAM, N. 2003. Context and leadership: An examination of the nine-factor full-range leadership theory using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The leadership quarterly, 14, 261-295.
APPELBAUM, S. H., HABASHY, S., MALO, J.-L. & SHAFIQ, H. 2012. Back to the future: revisiting Kotter's 1996 change model. Journal of Management Development, 31, 764-782.
ARKOWITZ, H. 2002. Toward an integrative perspective on resistance to change. Journal of Clinical Psychology, ARMSTRONG, M. 2006. A handbook of human resource management practice, Kogan Page Publishers.
ARMSTRONG, M. 2011. Armstrong's handbook of strategic human resource management, Kogan Page Publishers.
BAILY, M. A., BOTTRELL, M. M., LYNN, J. & JENNINGS, B. 2006. Special report: the ethics of using QI methods to improve health care quality and safety. Hastings Center Report, 36, S1-S40.
BAMFORD, D. R. & FORRESTER, P. L. 2003. Managing planned and emergent change within an operations management environment. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 23, 546-564.
BARDACH, E. & PATASHNIK, E. M. 2015. A practical guide for policy analysis: The eightfold path to more effective problem solving, CQ Press.
BASS, B. M. 1985. Leadership and performance beyond expectations, Collier Macmillan.
BASS, B. M. 2008. The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and management applications. New York: Free Press.
BATALDEN, P. B. & DAVIDOFF, F. 2007. What is “quality improvement”, and how can it transform healthcare? BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
BATES, S. 2004. Getting engaged. HR magazine, 49, 44-51. 336
Alharbi, F. S. (2025). Extended Literature Review of Implementing a Strategic Change in Health Care System: The Importance of Leadership and BECTON, J. B. & SCHRAEDER, M. 2009. Strategic Human Resources Management: Are we there yet? The Journal for Quality and Participation, 31, 11.
BENNETT, T. M. 2009. A study of the management leadership style preferred by IT subordinates. Journal of Organisational Culture, Communications and Conflict, 13, 1.
BENTON, D. 1999. Assertiveness, power and influence. Nursing Standard (through 2013), 13, 48.
BERLOWITZ, D. R., YOUNG, G. J., HICKEY, E. C., SALIBA, D., MITTMAN, B. S., CZARNOWSKI, E., SIMON, B., ANDERSON, J. J., ASH, A. S. & RUBENSTEIN, L. V. 2003. Quality improvement implementation in the nursing home. Health services research, 38, 65-83.
BIRKLAND, T. A. 2015. An introduction to the policy process: Theories, concepts, and models of public policy making, Routledge.
BITITCI, U. S., ACKERMANN, F., ATES, A., DAVIES, J. D., GIBB, S., MACBRYDE, J., MACKAY, D., MAGUIRE, C., VAN DER MEER, R. & SHAFTI, F. 2011. Managerial processes: an operations management perspective towards dynamic capabilities. Production Planning and Control, 22, 157-173.
BLUNKETT, D. 2000. Extracts: David Blunkett’s speech on education. The Guardian.
BOLMAN, L. G. & DEAL, T. E. 2017. Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership, John Wiley & Sons.
BOOTE, D. N. & BEILE, P. 2005. Scholars before researchers: On the centrality of the dissertation literature review in research preparation. Educational researcher, 34, 3-15.
BORDIA, P., HUNT, E., PAULSEN, N., TOURISH, D. & DIFONZO, N. 2004. Uncertainty during organizational change: Is it all about control? European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 13, 345-365.
BRYMAN, A. 2008. Of methods and methodology. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 3, 159-168.
BUCHANAN, D., FITZGERALD, L., KETLEY, D., GOLLOP, R., JONES, J. L., LAMONT, S. S., NEATH, A. & WHITBY, E. 2005. No going back: A review of the literature on sustaining organizational change. International Journal of Management Reviews, 7, 189-205.
BURKE, W. W. & LITWIN, G. H. 1992. A causal model of organizational performance and change. Journal of Management, 18, 523-545.
BURNES, B. 2004. Kurt Lewin and the planned approach to change: a reappraisal. Journal of Management Studies, BURNES*, B. 2004. Kurt Lewin and complexity theories: back to the future? Journal of change management, 4, BURRITT, J. E. 2005. Organizational turnaround: the role of the nurse executive. Journal of Nursing Administration, 35, 482-489.
CALDWELL, D. F., CHATMAN, J., O'REILLY III, C. A., ORMISTON, M. & LAPIZ, M. 2008. Implementing strategic change in a health care system: The importance of leadership and change readiness. Health care management review, 33, 124-133.
CARUANA, A. 2002. Service loyalty: The effects of service quality and the mediating role of customer satisfaction. European journal of marketing, 36, 811-828.
CARUANA, A., MONEY, A. H. & BERTHON, P. R. 2000. Service quality and satisfaction–the moderating role of value. European Journal of Marketing, 34, 1338-1353.
CHAUDHRY, A. Q. & JAVED, H. 2012. Impact of transactional and laissez-faire leadership style on motivation. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3.
CHIOK FOONG LOKE, J. 2001. Leadership behaviours: effects on job satisfaction, productivity and organizational commitment. Journal of nursing management, 9, 191-204.
COLE, M. S., HARRIS, S. G. & BERNERTH, J. B. 2006. Exploring the implications of vision, appropriateness, and execution of organizational change. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 27, 352-367. 337
COLVILLE, I. D. & MURPHY, A. J. 2006. Leadership as the Enabler of Strategizing and Organizing. Long Range Planning, 39, 663-677.
CORAM, R. & BURNES, B. 2001. Managing organisational change in the public sector-Lessons from the privatisation of the Property Service Agency. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 14, 94-110.
CUMMINGS, T. & WORLEY, C. 2001. Organization Development and Change 7 th edition, Ohio: South Western College Publishing. USA.
CUMMINGS, T. & WORLEY, C. 2005. Organizational Development and Change, Ohio, South-Western. Irwin McGraw-Hill.
CURTIS, J. R., COOK, D. J., WALL, R. J., ANGUS, D. C., BION, J., KACMAREK, R., KANE-GILL, S. L., KIRCHHOFF, K. T., LEVY, M. & MITCHELL, P. H. 2006. Intensive care unit quality improvement: A “how-to” guide for the interdisciplinary team. Critical care medicine, 34, 211-218.
DAMIANOU, N., DULAY, N., LUPU, E. & SLOMAN, M. 2001. The ponder policy specification language. Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks. Springer.
DANE, A. V. & SCHNEIDER, B. H. 1998. Program integrity in primary and early secondary prevention: Are implementation effects out of control? Clinical psychology review, 18, 23-45.
DAY, D. V., GRONN, P. & SALAS, E. 2004. Leadership capacity in teams. The Leadership Quarterly, 15, 857-880.
DENIS, H. & GARY, A. 2000. An empirical study of service quality implementation. The Service Industries Journal, DONABEDIAN, A. 2002. An introduction to quality assurance in health care, Oxford University Press.
DONABEDIAN, A. 2005. Evaluating the quality of medical care. The Milbank Quarterly, 83, 691-729.
DRAIN, M. 2001. Quality improvement in primary care and the importance of patient perceptions. The Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 24, 30-46.
DURLAK, J. A. & DUPRE, E. P. 2008. Implementation matters: A review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation. American journal of community psychology, 41, 327-350.
ELROD, P. D. & TIPPETT, D. D. 2002. The “death valley” of change. Journal of organizational Change Management, ERWIN, D. G. & GARMAN, A. N. 2010. Resistance to organizational change: linking research and practice. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 31, 39-56.
ESPER, T. L., ELLINGER, A. E., STANK, T. P., FLINT, D. J. & MOON, M. 2010. Demand and supply integration: A conceptual framework of value creation through knowledge management. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38, 5-18.
ESTRADA, M. A. R. 2011. Policy modeling: Definition, classification and evaluation. Journal of Policy Modelling, 33, FLAMHOLTZ, E. & KURLAND, S. 2006. Making strategic planning work: a case study of Countrywide Financial. Handbook of Business Strategy, 7, 187-193.
FORD, R., HEISLER, W. & MCCREARY, W. 2008. Leading Change with the 5-P Model: “Complexing” the Swan and Dolphin Hotels at Walt Disney World. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 49, 191-205.
FORTUNATO, D., KÖNIG, T. & PROKSCH, S.-O. 2013. Government agenda-setting and bicameral conflict resolution. Political Research Quarterly, 66, 938-951.
FRANCIS, R. 2013. Report of the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust public inquiry: executive summary, The Stationery Office.
GEORGE, B. 2003. Authentic leadership: Rediscovering the secrets to creating lasting value, John Wiley & Sons.
Alharbi, F. S. (2025). Extended Literature Review of Implementing a Strategic Change in Health Care System: The Importance of Leadership and GLICKMAN, S. W., BAGGETT, K. A., KRUBERT, C. G., PETERSON, E. D. & SCHULMAN, K. A. 2007. Promoting quality: the health-care organization from a management perspective. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19, GODES, D., MAYZLIN, D., CHEN, Y., DAS, S., DELLAROCAS, C., PFEIFFER, B., LIBAI, B., SEN, S., SHI, M. & VERLEGH, P. 2005. The firm's management of social interactions. Marketing letters, 16, 415-428.
GOLEMAN, D. 2000. Leadership that gets results. Harvard Business Review, 78, 4-17.
GOLEMAN, D. 2003. What makes a leader. Organizational influence processes, 229-241.
GRECO, P., LASCHINGER, H. K. S. & WONG, C. 2006. Leader empowering behaviours, staff nurse empowerment and work engagement/burnout. Nursing Leadership, 19, 41-56.
HADDEN, R. & CATLETTE, B. 2001. Contented cows give better milk. Germantown, TN: Saltillo Press.
HARMON, P. 2010. The scope and evolution of business process management. Handbook on business process management 1. Springer.
HART, C. 1998. Hart, Chris, Doing a Literature Review: Releasing the Social Science Research Imagination. London: Sage, 1998.
HART, C. 2018. Doing a Literature Review: Releasing the Research Imagination, Sage.
HARTER, J. K., SCHMIDT, F. L. & HAYES, T. L. 2002. Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 268.
HERMANN, R. C., REGNER, J. L., ERICKSON, P. & YANG, D. 2000. Developing a quality management system for behavioral health care: The Cambridge Health Alliance Experience. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 8, 251-260.
HEROLD, D. M., FEDOR, D. B., CALDWELL, S. & LIU, Y. 2008. The effects of transformational and change leadership on employees' commitment to a change: A multilevel study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 346.
HILHORST, D. 2002. Being good at doing good? Quality and accountability of humanitarian NGOs. Disasters, 26, HOLT, D. T., HELFRICH, C. D., HALL, C. G. & WEINER, B. J. 2010. Are you ready? How health professionals can comprehensively conceptualize readiness for change. Journal of general internal medicine, 25, 50-55.
HOWELL, J. M. & SHAMIR, B. 2005. The role of followers in the charismatic leadership process: Relationships and their consequences. Academy of Management Review, 30, 96-112.
HREBINIAK, L. G. 2013. Making strategy work: Leading effective execution and change, FT Press.
ILES, V. & SUTHERLAND, K. 2001. Organisational change. A review for health care managers, professionals and researchers.
JACKMAN, R. W. & BOYD, W. A. 1979. Multiple sources in the collection of data on political conflict. American Journal of Political Science, 434-458.
JACQUES, M. L. 1999. The call of quality: doing right things right. Quality Progress, 32, 48.
JAMES, O. & LODGE, M. 2003. The limitations of ‘policy transfer ’ and ‘lesson drawing ’ for public policy research. Political studies review, 1, 179-193.
JANSEN, K. J. 2004. From persistence to pursuit: A longitudinal examination of momentum during the early stages of strategic change. Organization Science, 15, 276-294.
JESSON, J., MATHESON, L. & LACEY, F. M. 2011. Doing your literature review: Traditional and systematic techniques, Sage.
JOOSTE, K. 2004. Leadership: A New Perspective. Journal of Nursing Management, 12, 217-223.
KAMINSKI, J. 2011. Theory applied to informatics-Lewin’s change theory. Canadian Journal of Nursing Informatics, 6. 339
KANE, R. A. 2003. Definition, measurement, and correlates of quality of life in nursing homes: Toward a reasonable practice, research, and policy agenda. The Gerontologist, 43, 28-36.
KANGAS, J., KURTTILA, M., KAJANUS, M. & KANGAS, A. 2003. Evaluating the management strategies of a forestland estate—the SOS approach. Journal of Environmental Management, 69, 349-358.
KAVANAGH, M. H. & ASHKANASY, N. M. 2006. The impact of leadership and change management strategy on organizational culture and individual acceptance of change during a merger. British Journal of Management, 17, S81-S103.
KEMP, C. 2001. Culture and the end of life: Hispanic cultures (focus on Mexican Americans). Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing, 3, 29-33.
KERFOOT, K. 2007. Staff engagement: it starts with the leader. Dermatology nursing, 19, 490.
KEYNES, J. M. 2010. The end of laissez-faire. Essays in persuasion. Springer.
KINGDON, J. W. 1995. Agenda setting. Public policy: The essential readings, 105-113.
KITCHENHAM, B. 2004. Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Keele, UK, Keele University, 33, 1-26.
KLIDAS, A., VAN DEN BERG, P. T. & WILDEROM, C. P. 2007. Managing employee empowerment in luxury hotels in Europe. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 18, 70-88.
KOTTER, J. P. 1995. Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail.
KOTTER, J. P. 1996. Leading Change, Harvard Business School Press. Boston, MA.
KOTTER, J. P. 2012. Leading change, Harvard Business Press.
KOTTER, J. P. & COHEN, D. S. 2002. The heart of change: Real-life stories of how people change their organizations, Harvard Business Press.
KRITSONIS, A. 2005. Comparison of change theories. International journal of scholarly academic intellectual diversity, 8, 1-7.
KUNKEL, S., ROSENQVIST, U. & WESTERLING, R. 2007. Quality improvement designs are related to the degree of organisation of quality systems: An empirical study of hospital departments. Health policy, 84, 191-199.
LAOHAVICHIEN, T., FREDENDALL, L. D. & CANTRELL, R. S. 2009. The effects of transformational and transactional leadership on quality improvement. Quality Management Journal, 16, 7-24.
LEE MARKS, M. 2007. A framework for facilitating adaptation to organizational transition. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 20, 721-739.
LEVY, Y. & ELLIS, T. J. 2006. A systems approach to conduct an effective literature review in support of information systems research. Informing Science, 9.
LEWIN, K. 1948. Resolving social conflicts, selected papers on group dynamics [1935-1946] Edited by Gertrud Weiss Lewin. Foreword by Gordon W. Allport, Harper [1948].
LEWIN, K. 1951. Field theory in social science.
LIND, E. A. & VAN DEN BOS, K. 2002. When fairness works: Toward a general theory of uncertainty management. Research in organisational behaviour, 24, 181-223.
LINES, R. 2007. Using power to install strategy: The relationships between expert power, position power, influence tactics and implementation success. Journal of Change Management, 7, 143-170.
LUTHANS, F. & PETERSON, S. J. 2002. Employee engagement and manager self-efficacy. Journal of Management Development, 21, 376-387.
MADSEN, S. R., MILLER, D. & JOHN, C. R. 2005. Readiness for organizational change: Do organizational commitment and social relationships in the workplace make a difference? Human Resource Development Quarterly, 16, 213-234.
MAGEN, H. & COHEN, A. 2002. Action-based and vision-based selection of input: Two sources of control. Psychological Research, 66, 247-259. 340
Alharbi, F. S. (2025). Extended Literature Review of Implementing a Strategic Change in Health Care System: The Importance of Leadership and MARQUIS, B. L. & HUSTON, C. J. 2009. Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
MASLACH, C., SCHAUFELI, W. B. & LEITER, M. P. 2001. Job burnout. Annual review of psychology, 52, 397-422.
MAXWELL, R. J. 1984. Quality assessment in health. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 288, 1470.
MAXWELL, R. J. 1992. Dimensions of quality revisited: from thought to action. Quality in health care, 1, 171.
MCKAY, K., KUNTZ, J. R. & NÄSWALL, K. 2013. The effect of affective commitment, communication and participation on resistance to change: The role of change readiness. New Zealand Journal of Psychology (Online), 42, 29.
MCKAY, K. A. 2012. The Effect of Commitment, Communication and Participation on Resistance to Change: The Role of Change Readiness.
MELINE, T. 2006. Selecting studies for systematic review: Inclusion and exclusion criteria. Contemporary issues in communication science and disorders, 33.
MITCHELL, G. 2013. Selecting the best theory to implement planned change. Nursing Management-UK, 20.
MOHAMMAD MOSADEGH RAD, A. 2005. A survey of total quality management in Iran: Barriers to successful implementation in health care organizations. Leadership in Health Services, 18, 12-34.
MOHAMMAD MOSADEGHRAD, A. 2013. Healthcare service quality: Towards a broad definition. International journal of health care quality assurance, 26, 203-219.
MULLINS, D. & PAWSON, H. 2005. 'The land that time forgot': reforming access to social housing in England. Policy & Politics, 33, 205-230.
MULROW, C. D. 1994. Systematic reviews: rationale for systematic reviews. Bmj, 309, 597-599.
NEEDLEMAN, J. & BUERHAUS, P. 2003. Nurse staffing and patient safety: current knowledge and implications for action. Oxford University Press.
NELISSEN, P. & VAN SELM, M. 2008. Surviving organizational change: How management communication helps balance mixed feelings. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 13, 306-318.
OKOLI, C. & SCHABRAM, K. 2010. A guide to conducting a systematic literature review of information systems research.
ONWUEGBUZIE, A. J. & FRELS, R. 2016. Seven steps to a comprehensive literature review: A multimodal and cultural approach, Sage.
OREG, S. 2003. Resistance to change: Developing an individual differences measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 680.
ØVRETVEIT, J., SCOTT, T., RUNDALL, T. G., SHORTELL, S. M. & BROMMELS, M. 2007. Improving quality through effective implementation of information technology in healthcare. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, PAPER, D. J., RODGER, J. A. & PENDHARKAR, P. C. 2001. A BPR case study at Honeywell. Business Process Management Journal, 7, 85-99.
PEARSON, A., VAUGHAN, B. & FITZGERALD, M. 2005. Nursing models for practice, Elsevier Health Sciences.
PERRIN, T. 2003. The 2003 Towers Perrin talent report: Working today: Understanding what drives employee engagement. Stamford, CT.
PFEIFER, T., SCHMITT, R. & VOIGT, T. 2005. Managing change: quality-oriented design of strategic change processes. The TQM Magazine, 17, 297-308.
PIETERSEN, W. 2002. The Mark Twain dilemma: the theory and practice of change leadership. Journal of Business Strategy, 23, 32-37.
POPAY, J., ROBERTS, H., SOWDEN, A., PETTICREW, M., ARAI, L., RODGERS, M., BRITTEN, N., ROEN, K. & DUFFY, S. 2006. Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews. A product from the ESRC methods programme Version, 1, b92.
RAHIM, M. A. 2017. Managing conflict in organizations, Routledge.
REES, G. & FRENCH, R. 2016. Leading, managing and developing people, Kogan Page Publishers.
REILLY, M. C., GERLIER, L., BRABANT, Y. & BROWN, M. 2008. Validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the work productivity and activity impairment questionnaire in Crohn's disease. Clinical therapeutics, 30, 393-404.
RICHENS, Y., RYCROFT-MALONE, J. & MORRELL, C. 2004. Getting guidelines into practice: a literature review. Nursing Standard, 18.
RINGELSTEIN, C. & STAAB, S. Papel: a language and model for provenance-aware policy definition and execution. International Conference on Business Process Management, 2010. Springer, 195-210.
ROBINSON, D., PERRYMAN, S. & HAYDAY, S. 2004. The drivers of employee engagement. Report-Institute for Employment Studies.
ROSENBERG, S. & MOSCA, J. 2011. Breaking down the barriers to organizational change. International Journal of Management and Information Systems, 15, 139-146.
ROUSSEAU, D. M., MANNING, J. & DENYER, D. 2008. 11 evidence in management and organizational science: Assembling the field’s full weight of scientific knowledge through syntheses. The academy of management annals, RYCROFT-MALONE, J., KITSON, A., HARVEY, G., MCCORMACK, B., SEERS, K., TITCHEN, A. & ESTABROOKS, C. 2002. Ingredients for change: revisiting a conceptual framework. BMJ Quality & Safety, 11, 174-180.
SAKS, A. M. 2006. Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of managerial psychology, 21, SCHEIN, E. H. 1992. How can organizations learn faster?: the problem of entering the Green Room.
SEIJTS, G. H. & CRIM, D. 2006. What engages employees the most or, the ten C’s of employee engagement. Ivey Business Journal, 70, 1-5.
SELF, D. R. & SCHRAEDER, M. 2009. Enhancing the success of organizational change: Matching readiness strategies with sources of resistance. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30, 167-182.
SHAMIR, B., PILLAI, R., BLIGH, M. C. & UHL-BIEN, M. 2007. Follower-centered perspectives on leadership: A tribute to the memory of James R. Meindl, World Scientific.
SIDORKO, P. E. 2008. Transforming library and higher education support services: Can change models help? Library Management, 29, 307-318.
SKOGSTAD, A., EINARSEN, S., TORSHEIM, T., AASLAND, M. S. & HETLAND, H. 2007. The destructiveness of laissez-faire leadership behavior. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12, 80.
SMITH, I. 2005. Achieving readiness for organisational change. Library management, 26, 408-412.
SPEROFF, T. & O'CONNOR, G. T. 2004. Study designs for PDSA quality improvement research. Quality Management in Healthcare, 13, 17-32.
SUPPIAH, W. R. & ROSE, R. C. 2006. A Competence-based View to Conflict Management. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 3, 1905-1909.
SZABLA, D. B. 2007. A multidimensional view of resistance to organizational change: Exploring cognitive, emotional, and intentional responses to planned change across perceived change leadership strategies. Human resource development quarterly, 18, 525-558.
TAYLOR, C. L. & HUDSON, M. C. 1972. World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators (New Haven and London, Yale University Press).
TODNEM BY, R. 2005. Organisational change management: A critical review. Journal of change management, 5,
Alharbi, F. S. (2025). Extended Literature Review of Implementing a Strategic Change in Health Care System: The Importance of Leadership and TOMEY, A. M. 2009. Nursing leadership and management effects work environments. Journal of Nursing Management, 17, 15-25.
TRAINING, M. 2012. Effective communication skills, Bookboon.
TURKALJ, Ž., FOSIĆ, I. & DUJAK, D. 2008. CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATION1. INTERDISZIPLINÄRE MANAGEMENTFORSCHUNG IV INTERDISCIPLINARY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IV, 505.
VAN WIJNGAARDEN, J. D., SCHOLTEN, G. R. & VAN WIJK, K. P. 2012. Strategic analysis for health care organizations: the suitability of the SWOT analysis. The International journal of health planning and management, WADDELL, D., CREED, A., CUMMINGS, T. & WORLEY, C. 2016. Organisational change: Development and transformation, Cengage AU.
WANDERSMAN, A., DUFFY, J., FLASPOHLER, P., NOONAN, R., LUBELL, K., STILLMAN, L., BLACHMAN, M., DUNVILLE, R. & SAUL, J. 2008. Bridging the gap between prevention research and practice: The interactive systems framework for dissemination and implementation. American journal of community psychology, 41, 171-181.
WANLESS, D. 2002. Securing our future health: taking a long-term view. Citeseer.
WASHINGTON, M. & HACKER, M. 2005. Why change fails: knowledge counts. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 26, 400-411.
WEBSTER, J. & WATSON, R. T. 2002. Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: Writing a literature review. MIS quarterly, xiii-xxiii.
WEINER, B. J. 2009. A theory of organizational readiness for change. Implementation science, 4, 67.
WEST-BURNHAM, J. 2004. Building leadership capacity: Helping leaders learn. Nottingham: National College of School Leadership. Retrieved on October, 12, 2008.
WHELAN-BERRY, K. S. & SOMERVILLE, K. A. 2010. Linking change drivers and the organizational change process: A review and synthesis. Journal of Change Management, 10, 175-193.
WITTENSTEIN, R. D. 2008. Factors influencing individual readiness for change in a health care environment. The George Washington University.
WHO (1973) KUWAIT HEALTH PROFILE. AVAILABLE FROM: http://www.who.int/countries/kwt/en/[ACCESSED 30 May 2018].
WOOLTHUIS, R. K., LANKHUIZEN, M. & GILSING, V. 2005. A system failure framework for innovation policy design. Technovation, 25, 609-619.
WRIGHT, T. A. & CROPANZANO, R. 2004. The role of psychological well-being in job performance: A fresh look at an age-old quest. Organizational Dynamics, 33, 338-351.
WORLD HEALTH SURVEY (2013) KUWAIT MAIN REPORT. AVAILABLE FROM: https://www.moh.gov.kw/Renderers/ShowPdf.ashx?Id=69bfb7fe-9432-4029-bc6e-d320b3aa353e [ACCESSED 30 MAY 2018].
XU, J. & COOPER THOMAS, H. 2011. How can leaders achieve high employee engagement? Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32, 399-416.
YANG, C.-C., MARLOW, P. B. & LU, C.-S. 2009. Assessing resources, logistics service capabilities, innovation capabilities and the performance of container shipping services in Taiwan. International Journal of Production Economics, 122, 4-20.
ZACCARO, S. J. & HORN, Z. N. 2003. Leadership theory and practice: Fostering an effective symbiosis. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 769-806.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Fawziya Salem Alharbi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
