Social Sciences

Social science is the branch of science devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original “science of society”, established in the 19th century. In addition to sociology, it now encompasses a wide array of academic disciplines, including anthropology, archaeology, economics, human geography, linguistics, management science, political science, psychology, and history.

Qualitative study for schizophrenia patients and CBT

Qualitative study for schizophrenia patients and CBT

Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that impacts how a person acts, thinks, and perceives the world (Coyle, 2017). It is characterized by symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, and diminished emotional expression (Shenton et al., 1992). The cause of these symptoms has been attributed to a dysregulation of dopaminergic signalling (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Schizophrenia is considered amongst the top common disorders in the world (Mathers et al., 2006), as about 1% of the general population suffer from schizophrenia (Simeone et al., 2015). Schizophrenia generally appears in late teens or early adulthood. However, it may also appear in middle ages (Kirkbride et al., 2006). Generally, the early onset of schizophrenia is associated with severe positive and negative symptoms (Galletly et al., 2016). Schizophrenia was found to be more severe and more common in men than in women (Aleman et al., 2003; McGrath et al., 2008). Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder that can be managed effectively with due care and management principles, in addition to antipsychotics medications. However, the likelihood of recovery is the highest, when schizophrenia is diagnosed and treated at its onset (Galletly et al., 2016). With medications and non-pharmacological therapy, many individuals with schizophrenia can live independently and have a satisfactory life.

Nationhood and the Hypothetical Question of Bilingual Education in Cameroon A Sociolinguistic Appraisal

Nationhood and the Hypothetical Question of Bilingual Education in Cameroon A Sociolinguistic Appraisal

Many African states which had been under the influence of western colonisation before the 1960s, presented many challenges of a sociolinguistic kind at independence. Some of these challenges at the national level received a good deal of attention from the new authorities, while others at the community level were comparatively neglected. One of the most salient challenges these newly independent states were confronted with was the accommodation of their multiethnic and multilingual components within a single political framework. One aspect of this preoccupation was the formulation of specific language policies which attempted to reconcile the importance acquired by a metropolitan language during the colonial rule with post independent aspirations. The difficulties for these states in the choice of a language for common usage stemmed from the fact that most of them were colonised, thus the imposition of a language of administration. Brosnahan (1963) opines that the imposition of an official or administrative language on the homelands of other languages is a phenomenon which has occurred on numerous occasions in human history. A reason for the imposition is the aspect of multilingualism. By the nature of the cases, an authority imposing a language is simultaneously imposing some sort of political unity on the area concerned. If circumstances are favourable, the imposed language, as it percolates down to more and more of the population, may well be influential in the development of the awareness of belonging to a nation which is greater than the village or town of the immediate horizon. In this way, the imposed language(s) may play a considerable role in developing a national consciousness and unity among previously separated or even warring groups.

The Effect of Shared Meaning between Extension Officers and Farmers on the Adoption of Irish Potato Farming in Kenya

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shared meaning between extension officers and farmers on the adoption of Irish potato farming innovations in Kibirichia Ward, Meru County. It’s objectives were: to determine the effect of channels of communication used between extension officers and farmers on the adoption of Irish potato farming innovations in Meru County; to describe the nature of messages conveyed between the extension officers and farmers on the adoption of Irish potato farming innovations in Meru County; to examine the effect of the context of communication between extension officers and farmers on the adoption of Irish potato farming innovations in Meru County and to determine the effect of noise on shared meaning between extension officers and farmers on the adoption of Irish potato farming innovations in Meru County. The study was guided by the diffusion of innovation and symbolic interaction theories of communication. In this study, qualitative research design was used and qualitative data was collected with the aid of focus group discussions and in-depth interviews amongst Irish potato farmers who were area residents from four sub-locations (Kimbo, Gathuine, Kiamiogo, Mburugiti) and all the extension officers involved in the production of Irish potato crop. A sample size of 39 respondents was drawn. Using qualitative methods in data analysis, focus group and interview data was transcribed, coded and categorized into relevant themes and sub-themes and possible and plausible explanations of the findings drawn. Findings of the study revealed that channels of communication and nature of messages result in shared meaning and high adoption of Irish potato farming in Meru County. However, whereas physical, socio-psychological and temporal contexts of communication positively influenced shared meaning and adoption of Irish potato farming, cultural context did not have an effect on adoption but only influenced shared meaning. Further, noise deterred shared meaning between extension officers and farmers and led to low adoption of Irish potato farming in Meru County. The study recommended that in order to attain increased adoption of Irish potato farming, the government should employ public relations officers and development communication experts, who can develop communication campaigns that will enable effective dissemination of extension information to farmers. Further research should be conducted to determine the role of social media on adoption of Irish potato farming innovations in Meru County. Secondly, since this study focused on Meru County, further studies should be upscaled in other counties in Kenya that cultivate Irish potatoes. The findings are beneficial to farmers, agronomical companies, extension officers, researchers and government policy makers. They boost planning and implementing of focused agricultural programs geared at increasing agricultural production in line with the Kenya government agenda 2018 and the Sustainable Development Goals, 2017.

Sociology: Challenges and Reflections

Sociology, the science that, in the analysis of the complexity of social reality, relates the social to the social (Durkheim). What is it, what is it for, how is it done, how is it taught, what does it mean to be a sociologist? These are some of the questions that are on the basis of this book, as a contribution to the analysis of some of the contemporary challenges Sociology faces. This work consists of a collection of some published articles that address subjects such as the issue of Sociology being a form of scientific knowledge that, building its object of analysis through the mobilisation of the theory of its body of knowledge, seeks to account for social reality, always reflecting critically on its activity. This book intends to articulate rigour with a pedagogical component, inasmuch that several of the chapters were underpinned by our activity as teachers.

Тhe Newest Technologies of Economic And Social Development or Emerald Bowl (Monograph)

Тhe Newest Technologies of Economic and Social Development or Emerald Bowl (Monograph)

The actualization of a subject of this Article – Monograph was stipulated by aggravation of economic problems in the majority of countries in the world, including in the West. Today is the time of revelations as regards a deadlock of those development concepts that brought results as far back as the XX century. At present, there is a need for systemic reconsideration and critical analysis of the methods for management and company organization. Notwithstanding the transience of life carrying away and distracting from crucial issues the human society really gives rise to sense of insecurity of the future, stipulates changes taking place, generates contradictions and aggravates the problems of further growth. And all this is observed in, generally speaking, calm world without major confrontations and military operations taking place. The goals in life connected with consumerism and de-emphasis for cultural values dominating some time ago continue to be changed too. Their avoidance of participation in the creation of public domain is in evidence as well as a desire to evade taxes being observed in former times is also transferred to larger spheres, including the financial spheres, that is, the ones wherein the material benefits are not created in a general sense but grandiose money turnovers are carried out through them. This leads to enhanced parasitism of some spheres over the other against the background of abuses and corruption of various kinds that become mass. Therefore, the global financial crises and recessions come about with ever increasing frequency.