Social Sciences – Page 2 – Scholar Publishing

Second Language Teaching: A Study Guide

Module 1 explores on the approaches, methods, and strategies in Second Language Teaching (SLT) or English Language Teaching (ELT). It introduces some modern trends in education, Internet links for learning and teaching the English language, innovative learning strategies, and Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences. It also discusses some overviews on listening, speaking, and reading. The Learning Tasks/Activities include discussion on the Principles of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), speech production, text analysis, translation, IQ, EQ, and classroom environment (then and now). Figures that serve as abstract yet concrete platforms for further ELT studies have mindboggling titles such as the following: Thoughts and Words, Melody and Rhythm, Arts and Research, Watch and Listen, Lights and Colors, Then and Now, Programs and Development, and Life and Leisure. Assessments require the students to submit a picture dictionary and a PowerPoint presentation.

The Export Processing Zone Strategy and SocioEconomic Development in Nigeria

This study examined the contribution of Export Processing Zones to the socio-economic development of Nigeria. The country adopted the EPZ strategy in 1992 with the establishment of Calabar Free Trade Zone to diversify the economy, accelerate industrialization, acquire modern technologies, create jobs, and attract FDIs. Since then 25 zones have been registered out of which 11 are operational, 9 under construction and 5 merely declared. In this study, the endogenous growth theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of analysis. It focuses on the institution of a knowledge-based human capital accumulation system and structures through learning by doing externalities, investment in research and development (R and D) activities that will generate new ideas enhance technological progress and improve quality of products via the zones. Four zones, (Calabar, Oil and Gas, Snake Island and ALSCON) were randomly selected. Two hundred and ninety (290) copies of questionnaires were administered on 290 respondents selected from 54 FZEs and 4 Zonal Management Boards. Out of this number 242 properly completed questionnaires served as the sample size for the data analysis. Primary and secondary data were used in the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage distribution. Views on the research assumptions were presented and discussed exhaustively. The study revealed that EPZs have not substantially contributed to Nigeria’s socio-economic development. This is because the zones have not significantly enhanced the industrialization process, economic diversification, technology transfer, employment generation, etc. It concluded that for the EPZs to contribute meaningfully to Nigeria’s socio-economic development they must accelerate the industrialization and diversification, increase export of manufactured goods, and create jobs. Some of the recommendations are that value addition should be made compulsory in the production processes; R and D must be made central to EPZ’s operations and that deliberate efforts must be made to increase the exports of manufactured goods and government should endeavour to stabilize the power situation at the zones.

Language Research Methodology: Study Guide

The word “research” is associated with scientific process and is tied up with writing a thesis or dissertation. It’s just that the term “research” is considered generic compared to “thesis” which sounds so academic. In layman’s term, when we do a research, we tend to go to some sources (tangible or intangible) to find a solution to a problem or to know more about a certain thing. We do some observations, readings, interviews, or even resort to something considered supernatural. We know that in the academe, we can’t begin our research without a problem. “My problem is that I do not have a problem” is always the problem of a student of a research course (Thesis Writing). How will you go about making a thesis outline if you’re not that interested to find one more problem “added to your cart” because you’ve got enough problems already? One more thing, you enrolled in this course because you’re required to do so for you to graduate, right? Because of this, you’re “forced” to find or make a statement of the problem to proceed then move on. First you gotta do is to convert the word “forced” to “inspired”. Some of you are into reading novels, blogs, or what is in the WattPad, I suppose. Of course, it’s a fact that writers couldn’t write if they don’t have something inside their heart (okay, head). You cannot share what you don’t have, remember that. Do you have something inside there to share to the universe? Granting that you have it, is it enough for you to proceed to writing your thesis outline? No? Of course, common sense dictates that writing a thesis outline is different from writing a novel or post a blog. That’s it, writing your thesis outline starts from being inspired to using your common sense and viceversa. If you don’t have any inspiration, make one. However, research writing is more than just dealing with common sense (this is basic, master it) and having an inspiration (find your strength in love). What then is it? It’s for you to discover. One thing for sure, you have to study about something essential so that you will have something to write in the “Significance of the Study” section in Chapter 1(Introduction). Since you’re dealing with something essential, you have to pass across borders. There you have it!

Social Accountability and Improvement of Health Services in Zimbabwe: The Case of Shamva District

The study examined the nexus between social accountability and the improvement of the quality of the health services in Shamva District. Its objectives were to determine the social accountability strategies used by Civic Society Organizations (CSOs) in Shamva District to build capacity for citizens to demand their health rights and entitlements; explore the extent to which the state responds to accountability demands for health services tabled by the citizens; assess the capacity level of both the rural citizens and state to conduct deliberate dialogue on health service provisions; and analyse the impact of social accountability mechanisms on rural health services in Zimbabwe. The study was guided by the interpretive paradigm. It was based on qualitative methodology utilising semistructured interviews, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews with key informants and participant observation. The data generated were analysed using grounded theory, assisted by the NVivo qualitative software. The four themes that emerged were social accountability strategies used to empower citizens; state responsiveness to accountability demands; capacity level to conduct deliberative dialogue; and impact of social accountability mechanisms. The study found out three social accountability strategies utilised in Shamva District. These were community scorecard; results-based financing: and village worker model. The study concluded that continuous funding and sustainable plans are essential for improving service delivery in health using social accountability strategies. The study recommends the Government of Zimbabwe to provide adequate human, financial and physical resources for the successful implementation of social accountability in Shamva District health sector.

A Questão duma Formação Integral e Integrada no Moçambique de Hoje

A pessoa humana é o centro em torno do qual gravita a questão educativa. Do ponto de vista educativo, a formação da pessoa humana situa-se entre objectivo e exigência. É um objectivo enquanto o ensino visa a formação do homem e, é uma exigência na medida em que, as mudanças no presente século, o desenvolvimento tecnológico das sociedades, a proliferação de novos paradigmas de explicação da realidade numa autêntica tensão entre a modernidade e a pós-modernidade, a globalização e suas consequências, impõem à educação e aos educadores uma perspectiva formativa completamente complexa que é a da formação integral e integrada da pessoa humana. Não é fácil definir o que é uma formação integral e integrada por duas razões. A primeira é que a formação integral e integrada supera as dimensões de um simples conceito. A segunda é relativa a dinamicidade do problema. Ou seja, uma formação integral e integrada é sempre definida conforme as instâncias conjecturais do tempo e do espaço em que se encontra inserido “o ser-no-mundo” que se pretende formar

Influence of Afta Trade Policies Toward Malaysian Stakeholders in the Automotive Industry

Through facilitative efforts by AFTA, the Malaysian government has entered into trade agreements with other ASEAN member states. The current body of literature provides a general understanding of the effects of trade policies on developing nations, but it does not provide specifics, such as what those trade policies are or what the measurable consequences of those trade policies are in regard to a given industry or even a specific developing nation. The purpose of this study was to explore the measurable consequences of the AFTA trade liberalization policies on Malaysia’s automotive industry. A case study was conducted using the triangulation of empirical statistical data collected from secondary sources, an analysis of policy documents, and from qualitative interviews conducted with consumers, automotive industry workers, and experts in the automotive industry or in the realm of policy analysis and trade politics. The Malaysian government entered into trade agreements out of a desire to protect domestic industry, with a focus on protecting the automotive industry. While economic growth has been high for the past several decades, the automotive industry is still developing, and the country’s classification remains that of a developing nation. The two primary policies influencing the automotive industry in Malaysia are the National Automotive Policy (NAP) and the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT). A review of the results showed that consumers had the lowest level of awareness of policies influencing the automotive industry, even though they were in the stakeholder group most affected by the implementation of those policies. Synthesis of data from the analysed interviews indicated that the effects of Malaysia’s entry into AFTA on the automotive industry have been both deep and far-reaching, but that no one group is aware of all of the measurable consequences of those trade agreements, or that the trade agreements have resulted in positive changes for the country as a whole. The iv researcher identified several recommendations that, if implemented, may work to increase the beneficence of implemented policies. Through the completion of the study, the current national strategies for Malaysia were identified, the policies adopted by Malaysia were identified, and the measurable consequences of those policies within the automotive industry were discussed

Interatomic Interactions in the Structures of Intermetallic Compounds.: binary compounds

Interaction is a mutual action that cannot be separated from the characteristics of the objects participating in the process. Interaction is a process that is characterized by a simultaneous mutual change in the characteristics of interacting material objects (in our case, atoms). These material objects (atoms) act on each other with different intensity, obeying certain laws, and reproduce new structures with high accuracy. Chemical bonding is a consequence of interatomic interactions. Interatomic interactions are accompanied by thermal effects and changes in the volumes of interacting objects. Reproductive structures indicate the existence of constitutional characteristics of interacting objects. One of these characteristics is the weight concentrated in nucleons, and the second is the volume formed by the electron clouds around the nucleons. During chemical interactions, the mass concentrated in nucleons remains unchanged, and the resulting volume changes, decreasing (most often) or increasing. By the relative change in volume, as well as by thermal effects, one can judge the intensity of the interaction. Changes in the structure without changing the chemical composition occurs due to changes in the vibrations of structural units and the dissipation of energy contained in the original system into the environment [1]. With an increase in temperature (an increase in energy content), the structures dissipate. With a decrease in temperature (decrease in energy content), energy dissipation occurs. Having a crystalline system with large crystals of only one phase, without changing the chemical composition, methods of pressure, forging, laser treatment can bring the system into a state with crushed and even amorphous parts [2]. The result is a system with a high stored energy content and a dissipated structure. The fundamental characteristic of a simple substance is the molar volume, which is the ratio of the molar mass of a substance (M g/mole) to its density (d g/cm3 ) Vm=M/d (cm3 /mole) [3]. Even Lothar Meyer [4] presented a graphical dependence of atomic volumes on the mass of an atom, which was successfully illustrated by the periodic law of D.I. Mendeleev. Density is a complex characteristic, representing the ratio of one unchanged constitutional quantity (mass) to another constitutional quantity (volume), which changes depending on the environment by other atoms [5, 6].

Economic Pathology; A Research into its General Principle and Clinical Cases

It is very strange that there is no trace of economic pathology in economics which regards the economy as an organism. As even a human body, an excellent organism, occasionally gets sick, the economy, an organism, also gets occasionally an economic disease. Rather the economy gets sick more often in the life cycle of the economy than that of a human body since the organic function of the former is inferior to that of the latter, needless to say the immune system. The economic pathology should have been established and advanced already as the pathology has been done for human body. Indeed, the pathology for human body is developed more than its physiology and divided several parts which also have advanced in depth and diversity. So, there is no reason that the economic pathology is neglected in economics of which theoretical system is alike that of physiology. Indeed, economics has got its birth and development affected directly by the natural science. In the late 18th century when the modern economics was established as an academic discipline, the natural science was in the limelight and its organic approach was naturally introduced into economics, which is proved by the fact that the theoretical systems of all the economic schools have been established organically, and the development of economics is closely related to that of natural science. So, this organic approach is common for all the schools such as neoclassical economics, Marxian economics, Keynesian economics, institutional economics, historical economics, behavioral economics, complex economics, and so on.