Assessment of Trace Metal Content in Soils of Automobile Workshops around Bori Urban Area, Rivers State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.103.12175Keywords:
Trace metals, Assessment, Auto mechanic workshop, Bori urban area, Pollution load index, Contamination factorAbstract
This study was designed to assess the concentration of trace metals (Cr, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in soils of automobile workshops around Bori Urban, Rivers State, Nigeria. Samples were collected from three auto mechanic workshops within the Bori urban area, Rivers State, Nigeria. The soil samples were prepared by standard procedures, and analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, AAS (Solaar Thermo Elemental Atomic Absorption Spectrometer-Model SE 71906). Detectable concentrations (mg/kg) of the metals, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr were 4.05 ± 1.02, 9.64 ± 0.71, 13.39 ± 2.28, 2.46 ± 0.42, 2.86 ± 0.79 and 2.76 ± 0.99 respectively. The concentrations and contamination factors (CFs) across the three auto mechanic garages were of the order, Pb > Mn > Zn > Cd > Ni > Cr and Cd > Cr > Ni > Mn > Pb > Zn respectively while the pollution load index (PLI) values for the three auto mechanic garages were all greater than 1, indicating a decline in the soil quality for the three studied sites following the order station 3 > station 1 > station 2. The Geo accumulation index (Igeo) revealed that the soils were extremely contaminated by Cd and were all contaminated with trace metals when compared with regulatory standards such as WHO and world average values in shale. Therefore, regular monitoring of the soil in the studied sites be carried out to mitigate dangers implicit in the continued presence of the metals determined.
References
Horsfall, M., & Spiff, A. I. (2013). Principle of environmental pollution, toxicology & waste management. Onyoma research publications. https://www.doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4-6
Ekpete, O. A., & Festus, C. (2013). Heavy metal distribution in soil along Iwofe Rumuolumeni road. International Journal of Science and Technology, 8(1), 450-455.
Marcus, A. C., Nwineewii, J. D., & Edori, O. S. (2017). Heavy metals assessment of leachate contaminated soil from selected dumpsites in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 5(6), 1507-1511.
Iyama, W.A., Okpara, K. & Techato, K. (2022). Assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soils and plant Vernonia amygdalina delile) in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria. Agriculture, Agriculture,12, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12010027
Baird, C. (1999). Environmental Chemistry (2nd ed.). W. H. Freeman.
Ekpete, O. A. (2019). Heavy metals as human associates: The ubiquitous inevitable (22nd inaugural lecture series of Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Port Harcourt, Nigeria). Pearl Publishers.
Olayinka, O. O., Akande, O. O., Bamgbose, K., & Adetunji, M. T. (2017). Physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal levels in soil samples obtained from selected anthropogenic sites in abeokuta, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science & Environmental Management, 21(5), 883-891.
Osakwe, S. A. (2014). Heavy metal concentration and physicochemical characteristics of soils from automobile workshops in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Natural Science Research, 2(4), 48-58.
Pam, A. A., Sha’Ato, R., & Offem, J. O. (2013). Evaluation of heavy metal in soil around auto mechanic workshop clusters in Gboko and Makurdi, central Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,
Wuana, R. A. & Okieimen, F. E. (2011). Heavy metals in contaminated soils: a review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2011.https://www.dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/402647
Harrison, R. M. & Chirgawi, M. B. (1989). Sources of metals in the soil. Science of Total Environment Journal, 83, 13-34.
Odukoya, O. O., Bamgbose, O. & Arowolo, T. A. (2001). Heavy Metals in Top Soils of Abeokuta Dumpsites. Global Journal of pure and applied science, 7(3), 467-472.
Naluba, N. G. (2011). Relationship between Local Government Headquarters and Rural Hinterland Settlements in Rivers South East Senatorial District of Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Social Research (JASR), 11(2), 95-102.
Wokoma, O. A. F., Friday, A., Edoghotu, A. J., & Umesi, N. (2018). Fundamentals of environmental management. IAUOE Press and Bookshop Unit.
Abenchi, E. S., Okunola, O. J., Zubaoru, S. M. J., Usman, A. A., & Apene, E. (2010). Evaluation of heavy metals in roadside soils of major streets in Jos metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,
Kakulu, S. E. (1993). Biological monitoring of atmospheric trace metal deposition in north-eastern Nigeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 28, 137-143.
Adebayo, A. J., Jayoye, J. T., Adejoro, F., Ilemobayo, I. O. & Labunmi, L. (2017a). Heavy metal pollution of auto mechanic workshop soils within Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria. Academia Journal of Environmental Science,
Edori, O. S., & Kpee, F. (2017). Index models assessment of heavy metal pollution in soils within selected abattoirs in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Singapore Journal of Scientific Research, 7(1), 9-15.
Dasaram, B., Satyanarayanan, M., Sudarshan, V., & Krishna, A. K. (2011). Assessment of soil contamination in Patancheru industrial area, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 3(3), 214-220.
Nebo, C. U., Udom, G.J., & Echirim, C. N. (2018). Contamination impact assessment of automobile mechanic workshop on soil and groundwater resource in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of Science Inventions Today, 7(3), 451-463
Sadick, A., Amofo-Out, R., Acquah, S. J., Nketia, K. A, Asamoah, E., & Adjei, E. O. (2015). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil around auto mechanic workshop clusters in central agricultural station, Kumasi-Ghana. Applied Research Journal, 1(2), 12-19.
Duka, T., Dixon, C. I., Trick, L., Crombag, H. S., King, S. L., & Stephens, D. N. (2015). Motivational effects of methylphenidate are associated with GABRA2 variants conferring addiction risk. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 9, 304.
Muhugija, J. A. M., & Sheikh, H. M. (2018). Status of selected heavy metals dispersion from top soil in and around automobile workshops areas in Zanzibar municipality, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Science, 44(1), 12-
Adebayo, A. J., Titilope, J.J., Oguntimehin, I.I. & Labunmi , L. (2017b). Delineation of heavy metals in soils from auto-mechanic workshops within Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Public and Environmental Health, 4 (7), 136-147. https://www.journalissues.org/IRJPEH/https://doi.org/10.15739/irjpeh.17.017
Adewoyin, O. A., Hassan, A. T., & Aladesida, A. A. (2013). The impacts of auto-mechanic workshops on soil and groundwater in Ibadan metropolis. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7(9), 891-898.
Luter, L., Terngu, A., & Attah, A. (2011). Heavy metals in soils of auto-mechanic shops and refuge dumpsites in Makurdi, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 15(1), 207-210.
Ogunbunmi, T. O. (2014). Quality of Soil and Groundwater in automobile workshops in Akinyele Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria (Doctoral dissertation). http://80.240.30.238/handle/123456789/706.
Ojiako, E. N., & Okonkwo, M. N. (2013). Analysis of heavy metals in soil of mechanic workshop in Onitsha metropolis. Advances in Applied Science Research, 4(1), 79-81.
Olayinwola, O. A. (2011). Levels of Pb, Fe, Cd and Co in soils of automobile workshop in Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Environmental Management, 15(2), 279-282.
Dabkowska-Naskret, H. (2004). The mobility of heavy metals in urban soils used for food production in Poland. Land Contamination and Reclamation, 12(3), 205-212.
Akpoveta, O. V., Osakwe, S. A., Okoh, B. E., & Otuya, B. O. (2010). Physicochemical characteristics and level of some heavy metals in soil around metal scrap dumps in some parts of Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science & Environmental Management, 14(4), 54-60.
Odueze, J. C., Nwakonobi, T. U., & Itodo, I. N. (2017). Influence of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soils on Heavy Metal Contamination in Makurdi, Benue State. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-11(5),84-92. www.iosrjournals.orgDOI:10.9790/2402-1105028492www.iosrjournals.org
Udousoro, I. I., Umoren, I. U., & Asuquo, E. O. (2010). Survey of some heavy metal concentrations in selected soils in south-eastern parts of Nigeria. World Journal of Applied Science & technology, 2(2), 139-145.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 M. N. Timothy, A. C. Marcus, William Azuka Iyama
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
