Environmental Geochemical Assessment of Air Quality in Areas Influenced by Petroleum Activities

Abstract

This study assessed ambient air quality using selected gaseous and particulate pollutants across twelve sampling locations within the investigated environment. The parameters evaluated included nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulphide (H₂S), and ozone (O₃). The measurements were undertaken to characterize the spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants and evaluate the general environmental quality of the study area. The results showed generally low concentrations of NO₂, VOCs, PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ across most locations. Carbon monoxide was predominantly not detected, while H₂S was also absent at most locations, although a detectable value was recorded at Location 10. SO₂ was consistently detected, with values generally ranging from 0.3 to 0.4, while ozone concentrations varied among the sampling locations. Methane was detected at several locations, with concentrations varying spatially, indicating possible influence from hydrocarbon-related sources. Carbon dioxide concentrations generally ranged from approximately 520 to 590 ppm, suggesting localized atmospheric enrichment relative to normal outdoor background levels. The relatively low particulate concentrations indicate limited particulate pollution during the sampling period, whereas the detection of SO₂, CH₄, VOCs and elevated CO₂ suggests contributions from combustion, petroleum-related activities, gas flaring or other anthropogenic sources. Overall, the study indicates relatively low particulate and combustion-related pollution but demonstrates localized gaseous emissions requiring continued monitoring. The findings provide useful baseline information for environmental management, pollution-control planning and assessment of potential impacts of petroleum-related activities on ambient air quality and public health.