Multi-drug Resistant Streptococcus and Enterococcus Isolates from Central Abattoir Akinyele, Ibadan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.125.17699Keywords:
Abattoir, Antimicrobial resistance Enterococcus, Prevalence, StreptococcusAbstract
This study was designed to evaluate the antibiogram and resistance profile of Streptococcus and Enterococcus species isolated from the facilities and environment of the Central abattoir Akinyele, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. A total of sixty-four (64) samples were collected through the use of swab sticks on the knife and axe, scraping of the table and the cutting wood with sterile blade. The collected samples were cultured and isolated, while antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed using Kirby Bauer disk agar diffusion method. This study shows that the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of streptococcus species to the selected antibiotics; gentamicin (65%) and trimethoprim (58%), they showed the highest prevalence, while the lowest resistant was to ciprofloxacin (39%), on the contrary the enterococcus sp has the highest resistance prevalence with gentamicin (29%) while the least prevalence was with trimethoprim (7%). This study shows that ciprofloxacin has not been abused like other selected antibiotics for treating enterococcal infections. It can therefore be concluded that the water source and soil in the environment of the abattoir were contaminated with streptococcus and enterococcus species and were resistant to some of the selected antibiotics tested (oxytetracycline, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim and amoxicillin). It is hereby recommended that there should be proper regulation and administration of antibiotics to prevent resistance development; and also there should be an improved personal and environmental hygiene.
References
Alves-Barroco, C., Rivas-García, L., Fernandes, A.R., Baptista, P.V. 2020. Tackling Multidrug Resistance in Streptococci - From Novel Biotherapeutic Strategies to Nanomedicines. Front Microbiol.11:579916. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.579916. PMID: 33123110; PMCID: PMC7573253.
Ashbolt, N.J., Grabow, W.O.K., Snozzi, M. 2001. Indicators of microbial water quality in Water Quality-Guidelines, standards and health: Assessment of risk and risk management for water-related infectious disease. (eds. Fewtrell, L. & Bartram, J.). 289–315. https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/whoiwa/en/ (IWA Publishing, London, United Kingdom.
Byappanahalli, M.N., Nevers, M.B., Korajkic, A., Staley, Z.R. Harwood, V.J. 2012. Enterococci in the Environment. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 76, 685–706 (2012).
Cattoir, V. (2022). Mechanisms of Streptococcus pyogenes Antibiotic Resistance. In: Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, editors. Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations [Internet]. 2nd edition. Oklahoma City (OK): University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2022 Oct 8. Chapter 30. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK587098/Cassini, A., Högberg, L.D, Plachouras, D., Quattrocchi, A, Hoxha, A., Simonsen, G.S. et. al. 2019. Burden of AMR Collaborative Group. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibioticresistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019; 19:56–66
Clarence, S.Y., Obinna, C.N., Shalom, N.C. 2009. Assessment of bacteriological quality of ready-to-eat food (meat pie) in Benin City metropolis, Nigeria. Afr. J. Microb. Res; 3(6): 390-395 10.
CLSI. 2015. M100-S24: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement. M100-S24.
Davies, J., Davies, D. (2010). Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 74, 417–433. de Kraker, M.E., Stewardson, A.J., Harbarth, S. 2016. Will 10 Million People Die a Year due to Antimicrobial Resistance by 2050? PLoS Med. 13, e1002184.
Enabulele, A., Amune, P., Aborisade, W. 2010. Antibiogram of Salmonella isolates from poultry farms in Ovia North East local government area, Edo State, Nigeria. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America; 1(6):1287-1290.
Ervin, J.S. et al. 2013 Characterization of fecal concentrations in human and other animal sources by physical, culture-based, and quantitative real-time PCR methods. Water Res. 47, 6873–6882.
FAO. 2007. FAO guidance to governments on the application of HACCP in small and/or less-developed food businesses.
FAO. 2021. Slaughtering facilities. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/themes/en/meat/slaughtering.
Fasanmi, O.G., Sansi, J.A.A. 2008. Essentials of meat and milk Inspection and Hygiene, 1st Ed., Published by Tunmid Printronic. Ibadan.
Ghasemzadeh, I., Namazi, S.H. 2015. Review of bacterial and viral zoonotic infections transmitted by dogs. J Med Life. 8(4): 1 - 5.
Jolt, J.G., Krieg, N.R., Sneath, P.H.A., Stanley, J.T., Williams, S.T. 1994. Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. 786. 9th edn. Williams & Wilkins Co. Baltimore, Maryland, Lennette, E.H., Ballows, A., Hausler, W.J.Jr., Shadomy, H.J. 1985. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology Washington DC, USA.
Mahendra, P., Martin, H. 2021. Food Contamination Poses a Threat to Food Safety. American Res. J. Food Nutri. 3(1) 1-4
Maripandi, A., Al-salamah, A.A. 2010. Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance and Plasmid Profile of Salmonella enteritidis Isolated from Retail Chicken Meats. American Journal of Food Technology 5(4): 260-268 ISSBN 1557-45
Murray, C.J., Ikuta, K.S., Sharara, F., Swetschinski, L., Robles Aguilar, G, Gray, A., et. al. 2022. Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 399:629–55.
Oluwasile, B.B., Agbaje, M., Ojo, O.E., Dipeolu, M.A. 2014. Antibiotic usage pattern in selected poultry farms in Ogun state. Sokoto J Vet Sci. 12 (1).
Ramos, S., Silva, V., Dapkevicius, M.L.E., Igrejas, G., Poeta, P. 2020. Enterococci, from Harmless Bacteria to a Pathogen. Microorg. 8(8):1118. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8081118. PMID: 32722391; PMCID: PMC7463792.
Rhen, M., Eriksson, S., Clements, M., Bergström, S., Normark, S.J. 2003. The basis of persistent bacterial infections. Trends Microbiol. 11:80–86. doi: 10.1016/S0966-842X (02)00038-0
Sharew, B., Moges, F., Yismaw, G. et al. 2021. Antimicrobial resistance profile and multidrug resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients suspected of pneumococcal infections in Ethiopia. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 20, 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-021-00432-z
Staley, C., Dunny, G. M., Sadowsky, M. J. 2014. Environmental and animal-associated enterococci. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 87, 147–186.
USDA. 2023. What does food safety means? https://ask.usda.gov/s/article/What-does-food-safety-mean
Yost, C.K., Diarra, M.S., Topp, E. 2011. Animals and humans as sources of fecal indicator bacteria in Te Fecal Bacteria (eds. Sadowsky, M. J., & Whitman, R. L.) Chapter 4; 67–91, https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555816865. (ASM Press, Washington, DC).
Zaheer, R., Cook, S.R., Barbieri, R., Goji, N., Cameron, A., Petkau, A. et al. 2020. Surveillance of Enterococcus spp. reveals distinct species and antimicrobial resistance diversity across a One-Health continuum. Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 3;10(1):3937. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-61002-5. Erratum in: Sci Rep. 2020 Aug 4;10(1):13401. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69044-5. PMID: 32127598; PMCID: PMC7054549.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ayodeji, I. O., Akanbi, I. O., Oladele- Bukola, M. O., Akanbi, I. M., Kehinde, O. O., Oyedepo, M. O., Okuneye, J. O., Emikpe, O. O., Adekunle, O. F., Lamidi, B. K., Amusa, A. O., Olofintuyi, O. K., Odunsi, O. O., Koleosho, S. A., Fasanmi, O. G.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
