Minimal Units of Consciousness and Possible Evolution of Intelligence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.123.17049Keywords:
Units of consciousness, living matter, intelligence, human brain evolution, information processes, biophysicsAbstract
The present review attempts to find out what are basic elements of consciousness - that is, what are the characteristics of purposeful perceptions and "reactive" actions observed in living beings. The difference between consciousness and intelligence is also dealt with in this respect. These considerations are based on previous work on feedback loops in "active" matter leading to "living matter". To follow this line, we briefly look at the development of information processing and the formation of neural networks in evolution, culminating in the formation of the human brain. As a synthesis, we deal with current hypotheses of biophysical processes that take place in the human brain in connection with consciousness and intelligence. Furthermore, it discusses basic principles of information processing in artificial intelligence and the difference between human consciousness and intelligence compared to AI. In doing so, we touch on philosophical questions such as the relationship to "minimal physicalism", which is related to teleonomy as a "weak form" of "panpsychism". Thus, the present review can also add some aspects to a lively discussion that has recently erupted on animal consciousness, culminating in the "New York Declaration on Animal Consciousness."
References
Cao, H., Wachowicz, M., Richard, R., & Hsu, C.-H. (2023). Fostering new vertical and horizontal IoT applications with intelligence everywhere. Collective Intelligence, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/26339137231208966
Gatrell, C., Muzio, D., Post, C. and Wickert, C. (2024), Here, there and Everywhere: On the Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Management Research and the Peer-Review Process. J. Manage. Stud.. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.13045)
Jeyaraman M, Ramasubramanian S, Balaji S, Jeyaraman N, Nallakumarasamy A, Sharma S. ChatGPT in action: Harnessing artificial intelligence potential and addressing ethical challenges in medicine, education, and scientific research. World J Methodol. 2023 Sep 20;13(4):170-178. doi: 10.5662/wjm. v13.i4.170.
Mashrur C, Sadek AW. Advantages and limitations of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence applications to critical transportation issues 6.3 (2012): 360-375.
Dong Y, Hou J, Zhang N, Zhang M. Research on how human intelligence, consciousness, and cognitive computing affect the development of artificial intelligence.Complexity 2020 (2020): 1-10.
Dreyfus, H L. Misrepresenting human intelligence. Artificial intelligence. Routledge, 2018. 41-54.
De Cremer, David, and Garry Kasparov. AI should augment human intelligence, not replace it. Harvard Business Review 18 (2021): 1.
Lenharo M. Do insects have an inner life? Animal consciousness needs a rethink. Nature. 2024 Apr 19. doi: 10.1038/d41586-024-01144-y. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38653828.
The New York Declaration on Animal Consciousness April 19, 2024 | New York University
Funk RHW. Biophysical mechanisms complementing "classical" cell biology. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2018 Jan 1;23(5):921-939. doi: 10.2741/4625. Funk, R. H. W. (2024). Minimal Units of Consciousness and Possible Evolution of Intelligence. European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 12(3).
Funk RHW. Understanding the Feedback Loops between Energy, Matter and Life. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2022 Oct 26;14(4):29. doi: 10.31083/j. fbe1404029.
Mones E, Czirók A, Vicsek T. Anomalous segregation dynamics of self-propelled particles. New Journal of Physics. 2015; 17: 063013.
Bernheim-Groswasser A, Gov NS, Safran SA, Tzlil S. Living Matter: Mesoscopic Active Materials. Adv Mater. 2018 Oct;30(41): e1707028. doi: 10.1002/adma.201707028.
Davies P; Does new physics lurk inside living matter? Physics Today 1 August 2020; 73 (8): 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1063/PT.3.4546
Kim J. Physicalism, or Something Near Enough. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005.
Scharf D., Analysis of Kim’s Physicalism NeuroQuantology | September 2010 | Vol 8 | Issue 3 | Page 337‐
Doerig A, Schurger A, Herzog MH. Hard criteria for empirical theories of consciousness. Cogn Neurosci. 2021 Jan-Jan;12(2):41-62. doi: 10.1080/17588928.2020.1772214.
Pereira C. (2015) Vertical Growth of Intelligence versus Horizontal Growth of Consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research|, 6 (7). pp. 399-404. ISSN ISSN: 2153-8212
Fields C, Glazebrook JF, Levin M. Minimal physicalism as a scale-free substrate for cognition and consciousness. Neurosci Conscious. 2021 Aug 2;2021(2): niab013. doi: 10.1093/nc/niab013.
László E (2004). Cosmic vision. The dawn of the integral theory of everything. Rochester, Inner Traditions International
László, E. (2007). The Akashic Field. New York: Dutton
Panksepp J. Affective consciousness: Core emotional feelings in animals and humans. Conscious Cogn. 2005 Mar;14(1):30-80. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2004.10.004.
Bénard H. Les tourbillons cellulaires dans une nappe liquide. Revue Générale des Sciences. 1900; 11: 1261–1271, 1309–1328.
Schreiber I. Analogies of a pattern forming chemical reaction with Rayleigh-Benard Convection. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. 1996.
Schumann W. Uber die strahlunglosen Eigenschwingungen einer leitenden Kugel, die von einer Luftschicht und einer Ionosphärenhülle umgeben ist, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 1954, b.&a, s.149-154.
Zhabotinsky AM. Eine periodische Oxydationsreaktion in flüssiger Phase. In Kuhnert L, Niedersen U (eds.) Selbstorganisation chemischer Strukturen (pp. 83–89). Verlag Harri Klein: Frankfurt am Main. 1964.
Eigen M, Schuster P. The hypercycle. A principle of natural self-organization. Part A: Emergence of the hypercycle. Naturwissenschaften. 1977 Nov;64(11):541-65. doi: 10.1007/BF00450633.
Hansma HG. DNA and the origins of life in micaceous clay, Biophysical Journal (2022). DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.032
Dodd, M., Papineau, D., Grenne, T. et al. Evidence for early life in Earth’s oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates. Nature 543, 60–64 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21377
Cavicchioli, R. Archaea — timeline of the third domain. Nat Rev Microbiol 9, 51–61 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2482
Dworkin Martin (Ed.), Falkow Stanley, Rosenberg Eugene, Schleifer Karl H., Stackebrandt Erko. The Prokaryotes: A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria. Springer; 3rd ed. 2006 Edition
Fields, C; Friston, K; Glazebrook, JF; Levin, M; Marcianò, A; (2022) The free energy principle induces neuromorphic development. Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, 2 (4) 10.1088/2634-4386/aca7de
Melloni L, Mudrik L, Pitts M, Bendtz K, Ferrante O, Gorska U, Hirschhorn R, Khalaf A, Kozma C, Lepauvre A, Liu L, Mazumder D, Richter D, Zhou H, Blumenfeld H, Boly M, Chalmers DJ, Devore S, Fallon F, de Lange FP, Jensen O, Kreiman G, Luo H, Panagiotaropoulos TI, Dehaene S, Koch C, Tononi G. An adversarial collaboration protocol for testing contrasting predictions of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theory. PLoS One. 2023 Feb 10;18(2):e0268577. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268577.
De Loof A. The cell's self-generated "electrome": The biophysical essence of the immaterial dimension of Life? Commun Integr Biol. 2016 Jul 1;9(5):e1197446. doi: 10.1080/19420889.2016.1197446.
Funk, RHW. (2013) Ion Gradients in Tissue and Organ Biology. Biological Systems Open Access, 2, 105. DOI: 10.4172/2329-6577.1000105
Hara F, Yamashiro K, Nemoto N, Ohta Y, Yokobori S, Yasunaga T, Hisanaga S, Yamagishi A. An actin homolog of the archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum that retains the ancient characteristics of eukaryotic actin. J Bacteriol. 2007 Mar;189(5):2039-45. doi: 10.1128/JB.01454-06. Epub 2006 Dec 22.
Hyman AA, Weber CA, Jülicher F. Liquid-liquid phase separation in biology. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2014; 30:39-58. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100913-013325.
Kloda A, Martinac B. Mechanosensitive channels in archaea. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2001;34(3):349-81. doi: 10.1385/CBB:34:3:349.
Pohlschroder M, Pfeiffer F, Schulze S, Abdul Halim MF. Archaeal cell surface biogenesis. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2018 Sep 1;42(5):694-717. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuy027.
Chong PL-G (2024), Archaea membranes in response to extreme acidic environments. Front. Biophys. 1: 1338019.doi: 10.3389/frbis.2023.1338019
Fields C, Glazebrook JF, Levin M. Neurons as hierarchies of quantum reference frames. Biosystems. 2022 Sep; 219:104714. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104714.
Tang, J.; Yuan, F.; Shen, X.; Wang, Z.; Rao, M.; He. Y.; Sun, Y.; Li, X.; Zhang, W.; Li, Y.; Gao, B.; Qian, H.; Bi, G.; Song, S.; Yang, J.; Wu, H. 2019 Bridging biological and artificial neural networks with emerging neuromorphic devices: Fundamentals, progress, and challenges. Adv. Mater. 31, 1902761.
Görnitz T. Quantum Theory and the Nature of Consciousness. Foundations of Science. 2018; 23: 475–510.
Levin M. Large-scale biophysics: ion flows and regeneration. Trends Cell Biol. 2007 Jun;17(6):261-70. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.04.007.
Funk RHW, Scholkmann F. The significance of bioelectricity on all levels of organization of an organism. Part 1: From the subcellular level to cells. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2023 Jan; 177:185-201. doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.12.002. Funk, R. H. W. (2024). Minimal Units of Consciousness and Possible Evolution of Intelligence. European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 12(3).
Levin M. Morphogenetic fields in embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer: non-local control of complex patterning. Biosystems. 2012 Sep;109(3):243-61. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.04.005.
Fields, C. and Levin, M. (2018), Multiscale memory and bioelectric error correction in the cytoplasm–cytoskeleton-membrane system. WIREs Syst Biol Med, 10: e1410. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1410
Durant F, Lobo D, Hammelman J, Levin M. Physiological controls of large-scale patterning in planarian regeneration: a molecular and computational perspective on growth and form. Regeneration (Oxf). 2016 Apr 28;3(2):78-102. doi: 10.1002/reg2.54.
Funk RH. Endogenous electric fields as guiding cue for cell migration. Front Physiol. 2015 May 13; 6:143. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00143.
Sun G, Li J, Zhou W, Hoyle RG, Zhao Y. Electromagnetic interactions in regulations of cell behaviors and morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Oct 19; 10:1014030. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1014030.
Adam SA. The Nucleoskeleton. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017 Feb 1;9(2): a023556. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect. a023556.
Bihani A, Avvaru AK, Mishra RK. Biochemical Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Nuclear Matrix Reveals the Layers of Nuclear Organization. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2023 Dec;22(12):100671. doi: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100671.
Zorova LD, Popkov VA, Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Pevzner IB, Jankauskas SS, Babenko VA, Zorov SD, Balakireva AV, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ, Zorov DB. Mitochondrial membrane potential. Anal Biochem. 2018 Jul 1; 552:50-59. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.07.009.
Sinha S Rafael D. Sorkin. Brownian motion at absolute zero. Phys. Rev. B 45, 8123 – Published 1 April 1992
Spiechowicz, J., Łuczka, J. Energy of a free Brownian particle coupled to thermal vacuum. Sci Rep 11, 4088 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83617-y
Astumian RD. Thermodynamics and kinetics of a Brownian motor. Science 1997; 276:917–22.
T. Elbert, W. J. Ray, Z. J. Kowalik, J. E. Skinner, K. E. Graf, and N. Birbaumer Chaos and physiology: deterministic chaos in excitable cell assemblies, Physiological Reviews 1994 74:1, 1-47>).
L. Hollenstein, M. Jaccard, M. Maggiore, E. Mitsou, Phys. Rev.D85 (2012) 124031 [arXiv:1111.5575].
Léger S, Puertas-Martínez J, Bharadwaj K, Dassonneville R, Delaforce J, Foroughi F, et al. Observation of quantum many- body effects due to zero-point fluctuations in superconducting circuits. Nature Communications. 2019; 10: 5259.
Peskin CS, Odell GM, Oster GF. Cellular motions and thermal fluctuations: the Brownian ratchet. Biophys J 1993; 65:316–24.
Otter MW, Porres L, McLeod KJ. An investigation of the Brownian ratchet in MC-3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells using atomic force microscopy. Trans Soc Phys Regul Biol Med 1996; 16:10–1.
Badzey RL, Mohanty P. Coherent signal amplification in bistable nanomechanical oscillators by stochastic resonance. Nature 2005; 437:995–8.
Funk RH, Monsees T, Ozkucur N. Electromagnetic effects - From cell biology to medicine. Prog Histochem Cytochem. 2009;43(4):177-264. doi: 10.1016/j.proghi.2008.07.001.
Jaross W. Hypothesis on interactions of macromolecules based on molecular vibration patterns in cells and tissues. Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark. 2018; 23: 940–946.
Cosic I. Macromolecular bioactivity: is it resonant interaction between macromolecules? Theory and applications. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1994; 41: 1101–1114.
Ribeiro RF, Martínez-Martínez LA, Du M, Campos-Gonzalez-Angulo J, Yuen-Zhou J. Polariton chemistry: controlling molecular dynamics with optical cavities. Chem Sci. 2018 Jun 12;9(30):6325-6339. doi: 10.1039/c8sc01043a.
Stephen J. Blanksby and G. Barney Ellison. Bond Dissociation Energies of Organic Molecules. Accounts of Chemical Research 2003 36 (4), 255-263. DOI: 10.1021/ar020230d
Carruth, Gorton, Ehrlich, Eugene. "Bond Energies." Volume Library. Ed. Carruth, Gorton. Vol 1. Tennessee: Southwestern, 2002.
Quan X, Kato D, Daria V, Matoba O, Wake H. Holographic microscope and its biological application. Neurosci Res. 2022 Jun; 179:57-64. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.10.012.
Xiaoxuan Tan, Yuan Zhong, Ruijie Li, Chao Chang. Neuromodulation of Chemical Synaptic Transmission Driven by THz Photons. Research. 2022; 2022:0010. DOI:10.34133/research.0010
Wilden L, Karthein R. Import of radiation phenomena of electrons and therapeutic low-level laser in regard to the mitochondrial energy transfer. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 1998 Jun;16(3):159-65. doi: 10.1089/clm.1998.16.159.
Milonni PW; Why spontaneous emission? Am. J. Phys. 1 April 1984; 52 (4): 340–343. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.13886
Wang, Z.-. -Y., Xion, C.-. -D. and He, B. (2008), Superluminal propagation of evanescent modes as a quantum effect. Ann. Phys., 520: 319-325. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.20085200505
Popp, F.A., 2004, Quantum Phenomena of Biological Systems as Documented by Biophotonics, in: Quo Vadis Quantum Mechanics? A.C. Elitzur, S. Dolev and N. Kolenda, eds., Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, pp. 371-396.
Dicke RH. Coherence in Spontaneous Radiation Processes. Phys. Rev. 93, 99 –Published 1 January 1954
Fels D. Cellular communication through light. PLoS One. 2009;4(4): e5086. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005086.
Yip M, Madl P. The Light of Life – Biophotonics https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242057528_The_Light_of_Life_-_Biophotonics?enrichId=rgreq-817958d2a5191e40d6d9eddeda9fbc84-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI0MjA1NzUyODtBUzo5OTIxODA4NTY0NjM0NUAxNDAwNjY2ODQzNTgx&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
Chung CA, Lee YP. Infrared characterization of formation and resonance stabilization of the Criegee intermediate methyl vinyl ketone oxide. Commun Chem. 2021 Jan 22;4(1):8. doi: 10.1038/s42004-020-
Sun Y, Wang C, Dai J. Biophotons as neural communication signals demonstrated by in situ biophoton autography. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2010 Mar;9(3):315-22. doi: 10.1039/b9pp00125e. Funk, R. H. W. (2024). Minimal Units of Consciousness and Possible Evolution of Intelligence. European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 12(3).
Dai J, Wang Z, Li Z, Xiao F. Human high intelligence is involved in spectral redshift of biophotonic activities in the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 113, Issue 31, p.8753-8758 August
Popp FA. Evolution as the Expansion of Coherent States. Recent Advances in Biophoton Research and Its Applications, pp. 445-456 (1992) https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814439671_0021
Jibu M, Yasue K, Hagan S. Evanescent (tunneling) photon and cellular "vision'. Biosystems. 1997;42(1):65-73. doi: 10.1016/s0303-2647(97)01686-9.
Celardo, G. L., Angeli, M., Kurian, P., and Craddock, T. J. A. (2018). On the existence of superradiant states in microtubules. New J. Phys. 21: e023005.
Pollack GH. Water, energy and life: fresh views from the water’s edge. International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics. 2010; 5: 27–29.
Liu YT, Tao CL. Digitalizing neuronal synapses with cryo-electron tomography and correlative microscopy. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2022 Oct; 76:102595. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102595.
Al-Khalili, J, McFadden, J. Life on the Edge: The Coming of Age of Quantum Biology. ISBN-8601410720933
van Grondelle R, Novoderezhkin VI. Photosynthesis: Quantum design for a light trap. Nature, 463(7281), 614–5 (2010). DOI: 10.1038/463614a
Engel, GS, Calhoun TR, Read EL, Ahn TK, Mancal T, Cheng YC, Blankenship RE, Fleming GR. Evidence for wavelike energy transfer through quantum coherence in photosynthetic systems. Nature, 446(7137), 782–6 (2007). DOI: 10.1038/nature05678
Brookes JC. Quantum effects in biology: golden rule in enzymes, olfaction, photosynthesis and magnetodetection. Proceedings of the Royal Society a: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2017; 473: 20160822.
Kim Y, Bertagna F, D’Souza EM, Heyes DJ, Johannissen LO, Nery ET, et al. Quantum Biology: An Update and Perspective. Quantum Reports. 2021; 3: 80–126.
A. Kolli A, O`Reilly EJO, Scholes GD, Olaya-Castro A. The fundamental role of quantized vibrations in coherent light harvesting by cryptophyte algae. J Chem Phys, 137(17), 174109 (2012). DOI: 10.1063/1.4764100
Allemann RK, Scrutton NS. 2009 Quantum tunnelling in enzyme-catalysed reactions. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry.
Crotty P, Schult D, Segall K. Josephson junction simulation of neurons. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2010 Jul;82(1 Pt 1):011914. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.82.011914.
Samoletov, AA. A biological junction with quantum-like characteristics arXiv preprint physics/9910045.
Takaku Y, Hwang JS, Wolf A, Böttger A, Shimizu H, David CN, Gojobori T. Innexin gap junctions in nerve cells coordinate spontaneous contractile behavior in Hydra polyps. Sci Rep. 2014 Jan 7; 4:3573. doi: 10.1038/srep03573.
Ortega-Hernández J, Lerosey-Aubril R, Losso SR, Weaver JC. Neuroanatomy in a middle Cambrian mollisoniid and the ancestral nervous system organization of chelicerates. Nat Commun. 2022 Jan 20;13(1):410. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28054-9. 183
Strausfeld NJ, Hou X, Sayre ME, Hirth F. The lower Cambrian lobopodian Cardiodictyon resolves the origin of euarthropod brains. Science. 2022 Nov 25;378(6622):905-909. doi: 10.1126/science. abn6264.
Tononi G, Koch C. Consciousness: here, there and everywhere? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015 May 19;370(1668):20140167. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0167.
Kuhlenbeck, H. Volumes 1 – 4 (1970 - 1975) The central nervous system of vertebrates. S. Karger, Basel.
Ghysen A. The origin and evolution of the nervous system. Int J Dev Biol. 2003;47(7-8):555-62.
Rohen JW. Functional Morphology: The Dynamic Wholeness of the Human Organism. Adonis Press, a branch of the Hawthorne Valley Association: Ghent, New York. 2007.
Kalisman N, Silberberg G, Markram H. The neocortical microcircuit as a tabula rasa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jan 18;102(3):880-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0407088102.
Banovac I, Sedmak D, Judaš M, Petanjek Z. Von Economo Neurons - Primate-Specific or Commonplace in the Mammalian Brain? Front Neural Circuits. 2021 Sep 1; 15:714611. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2021.714611.
LaBerge D, Kasevich RS. Neuroelectric Tuning of Cortical Oscillations by Apical Dendrites in Loop Circuits. Front Syst Neurosci. 2017 Jun 14; 11:37. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00037.
Granato, A., Merighi, A. Dendrites of Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons: The Key to Understand Intellectual Disability. Cell Mol Neurobiol 42, 147–153 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-021-01123-1
Yao, XH., Wang, M., He, XN. et al. Electrical coupling regulates layer 1 interneuron microcircuit formation in the neocortex. Nat Commun 7, 12229 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12229
Derouiche A, Geiger KD. Perspectives for Ezrin and Radixin in Astrocytes: Kinases, Functions and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Aug 2;20(15):3776. doi: 10.3390/ijms20153776.
Hameroff S. Consciousness, Cognition and the Neuronal Cytoskeleton - A New Paradigm Needed in Neuroscience. Front Mol Neurosci. 2022 Jun 16; 15:869935.
Kerskens CM, López Pérez D. Experimental indications of non-classical brain functions, Journal of Physics Communications (2022). DOI: 10.1088/2399-6528/ac94be
D’Acunto M. Quantum biology. π–π entanglement signatures in protein-DNA interactions. Physical Biology. 2022; 19: 036003.
Stoll EA. A thermodynamical model of non-deterministic computation in cortical neural networks 2024 Phys. Biol. 21 016003
Sattin D, Magnani FG, Bartesaghi L, Caputo M, Fittipaldo AV, Cacciatore M, Picozzi M, Leonardi M. Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review. Brain Sci. 2021 Apr 24;11(5):535. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11050535.
Hameroff SR, Craddock TJ, Tuszynski JA, Quantum effects in the understanding of consciousness. J Integr Neurosci, 2014. 13(2): p. 229-52.
Meijer DKF, Ivaldi F. The Elemental Intelligence of the Cosmos and the Acoustic Quantum Code of Resonant Coherence. Gravitational Connection and the Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Ultimate Fate of Our Universe. Academia.edu https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEw Funk, R. H. W. (2024). Minimal Units of Consciousness and Possible Evolution of Intelligence. European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 12(3). jFg8r0svOEAxVghv0HHa4oA2QQFnoECA0QAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Frug.academia.edu%2FDirkMeijer &usg=AOvVaw2BiSAWC24On81gvRdNi_bN&opi=89978449
Fisher MPA. Quantum cognition: The possibility of processing with nuclear spins in the brain. Annals of Physics. Volume 362, 2015. Pages 593-602, ISSN 0003-4916, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2015.08.020.
Marais A, Adams B, Ringsmuth AK, Ferretti M, Gruber JM, Hendrikx R, Schuld M, Smith SL, Sinayskiy I, Krüger TPJ, Petruccione F, van Grondelle R. The future of quantum biology. J R Soc Interface. 2018 Nov 14;15(148):20180640. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0640.
Hameroff SR (2007). The Brain Is Both Neurocomputer and Quantum Computer. Cognitive Science, 31: 1035-1045. https://doi.org/10.1080/03640210701704004
Hameroff S. 'Smear campaign' at the crossroad of consciousness and spacetime geometry -. Comment on "At the crossroad of the search for spontaneous radiation and the Orch OR consciousness theory". Physics of Life Reviews, Volume 44, p. 173-175. Pub Date: March 2023 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.01.006
Hameroff S; Penrose R. (2014) "Consciousness in the universe". Physics of Life Reviews. 11 (1): 39–78. doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2013.08.002
Burke RE. Sir Charles Sherrington's the integrative action of the nervous system: a centenary appreciation, Brain, Volume 130, Issue 4, April 2007, Pages 887–894, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awm022
Craddock TJA, Kurian P, Preto J, Sahu K, Hameroff SR, Klobuukowski M, Tuszynski, JA (2017) Anesthetic alternations of collective terahertz oscillations in tubulin correlate with clinical potency: implications for anesthetic action and post-operative cognitive dysfunction. Scientific Reports 7, 9877.
McQueen KJ. Have underground radiation measurements refuted the Orch OR theory? Comment on “At the crossroad of the search for spontaneous radiation and the Orch OR consciousness theory”, Physics of Life Reviews, Volume 44,2023, Pages 201-203, ISSN 1571-0645, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2023.01.021.
Petruzziello L, Illuminati F. Quantum gravitational decoherence from fluctuating minimal length and deformation parameter at the Planck scale. Nat Commun 12, 4449 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24711-7
Burdick RK, Villabona-Monsalve JP, Mashour GA, Goodson T 3rd. Modern Anesthetic Ethers Demonstrate Quantum Interactions with Entangled Photons. Sci Rep. 2019 Aug 5;9(1):11351. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47651-1.
Beck F, Eccles JC. Quantum aspects of brain activity and the role of consciousness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 1;89(23):11357-61. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.23.11357.
Beck A, Lohr C, Deitmer JW (2001), Calcium transients in subcompartments of the leech Retzius neuron as induced by single action potentials. J. Neurobiol., 48: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/neu.1039
Stapp HP (2009). Mind, Matter and Quantum Mechanics, Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Bernroider G, Roy S. (2004). Quantum-Classical Correspondence in the Brain: Scaling, Action Distances and Predictability behind Neural Signals Forma, 19, 55–68
Jibu M, Yasue K. (1993). Introduction to quantum brain dynamics. In: Nature, Cognition and System ed, Carvallo, M. Kluwer Academic
Goldstone J; Salam, Abdus; Weinberg, Steven (1962). "Broken Symmetries". Physical Review. 127 (3): 965–970) URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/aivp.123.17049 185
Umezawa H (1993). Advanced Field Theory. Micro, Macro and Thermal physics. New York: The American Institute of Physics Press.
Del Giudice, E., Doglia, S. Milani, M. & Vitiello, G. (1988). Electromagnetic interactions in living matter. In Fröhlich, H. ed. Biological Coherence and Response
Vitiello G (2001). My Double Unveiled. The Dissipative Quantum Model of Brain. Advances in Consciousness Research, 32, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Prigogine and G. Nicolis: On symmetry-breaking instabilities in dissipative systems. J. Chem. Phys. 46, 3542–3550 (1967)
Hu H and Wu M (2010). Current landscape and future direction of theoretical and experimental quantum brain/mind/consciousness research, J. Consc. Exploitation & Research 1, 888-897.
Libet B. (2006). Reflections on the interaction of the mind and brain. Prog Neurobiol. 78(3-5): 322-326. Life. Perseus Press: Boston, MA
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. January 1990 Publisher: Harper & Row
Szabadics J, Lorincz A, Tamás G. Beta and gamma frequency synchronization by dendritic gabaergic synapses and gap junctions in a network of cortical interneurons. J Neurosci. 2001 Aug 1;21(15):5824-31. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-15-05824.2001.
Fukuda T, Kosaka T. 2003. Ultrastructural study of gap Junctions between Dendrites of Parvalbumincontaining GABAergic neurons in various neocortical areas of the adult rat. Neuroscience 120:5–20. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00328-2
Chu Z, Galarreta M, Hestrin S. Synaptic interactions of late-spiking neocortical neurons in layer 1. J Neurosci. 2003 Jan 1;23(1):96-102. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-01-00096.2003.
Hu H, Hostetler RE, Agmon A. Ultrafast (400 Hz) network oscillations induced in mouse barrel cortex by optogenetic activation of thalamocortical axons. Elife. 2023 May 9;12:e82412. doi: 10.7554/eLife.82412.
Singh, P., Saxena, K., Sahoo, P., Ghosh, S., and Bandyopadhyay, A. (2021). J. Neurophysiol. 125, 2107–2116. doi: 10.1152/jn.00478.2020
Soon CS, Brass M, Heinze HJ, Haynes JD (2008). Unconscious determinants of free decisions in the human brain. Nat Neurosci 11: 543–545.
Bode S, He AH, Soon CS, Trampel R, Turner R, et al. (2011). Tracking the Unconscious Generation of Free Decisions Using UItra-High Field fMRI. PLoS ONE 6(6): e21612. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021612
Hipólito I, Ramstead MJD, Convertino L, Bhat A, Friston K, Parr T. Markov blankets in the brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Jun; 125:88-97. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.003.
Pezzulo G, Barsalou LW, Cangelosi A, Fischer MH, McRae K, Spivey MJ. (2011). The mechanics of embodiment: a dialog on embodiment and computational modeling. Front Psychol. 2011; Philosophical Approach (eds Juan José Sanguineti, Ariberto Acerbi, José Angel Lombo)
Meijer DKF, Raggett S. (2014). Quantum Physics in Consciousness Studies. The Quantum Mind Extended. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dirk_Meijer4/publication/275017089_Quantum_Physics_in_Consciousness_Studies_The_Quantum_Mind_Extended/links/555c62b708ae8f66f3ae0760/ Quantum-Physicsin-Consciousness-Studies-The-Quantum-Mind-Extended.pdf Funk, R. H. W. (2024). Minimal Units of Consciousness and Possible Evolution of Intelligence. European Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol - 12(3).
King CC. (2003). Chaos, Quantum-transactions and Consciousness, NeuroQuantology, 1(1): 129-162.
Penrose R, Bell J. State reduction, and quanglement. In: Bertlmann RA, Zeilinger A, editors. Quantum unspeakables: from bell to quantum information. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2002. p. 319–31.
Georgiev DD. “Bose-Einstein condensation of tunnelling photons in the brain cortex as a mechanism of conscious action.” (2004).
Pockett S (2012). The Electromagnetic Field Theory of Consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies 19 (11-12):191-223.
Dehaene S, Kerszberg M, Changeux J-P. A neuronal model of a global workspace in effortful cognitive tasks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95, 14529–14534 (1998).
Buzsáki G, Draguhn A.2004. Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks. Science 304, 1926e1929
Womelsdorf T, Fries P. 2007. The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 17, 154e160.
Singer W. 2009. Distributed processing and temporal codes in neuronal networks. Cognitive Neurodynamics 3, 189e196.
Plankar M, Brežan S, Jerman I. The principle of coherence in multi-level brain information processing. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2013 Jan;111(1):8-29. doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2012.08.006.
Braitenberg V (1981) Anatomical basis for divergence, convergence and integration in the cerebral cortex. Adv Physiol Sci 16:411–419
Heck DH, Varga S. “The great mixing machine”: multisensory integration and brain-breath coupling in the cerebral cortex. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 475, 5–11 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-022-02738-z
https://www.ibm.com/history/blue-gene
Protyposis – an introduction: Consciousness and Matter from Quantum. 2018, ISBN-10 : 3947382014. ISBN-13: 978-3947382019
Fields C, Glazebrook JF, Levin M. Neurons as hierarchies of quantum reference frames. Biosystems. 2022 Sep; 219:104714. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.
Zeki S. The disunity of consciousness. Prog Brain Res. 2008; 168:11-8. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(07)68002-9.
O'Brien, Opie J. (2003). The multiplicity of consciousness and the emergence of the self. In A. S. David & T. T. J. Kircher (eds.), The Self and Schizophrenia: A Neuropsychological Perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 107-120.
Leisman G. On brain criticality in the context of resonance Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience, June 2023, Journal of Multiscale Neuroscience 2(2):314-325 DOI: 10.56280/1579669390
Jerath R, Beveridge C, Jensen M. On the Hierarchical Organization of Oscillatory Assemblies: Layered Superimposition and a Global Bioelectric Framework. Front Hum Neurosci. 2019 Dec 4; 13:426. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00426.
Aru J, Larkum ME, Shine JM. The feasibility of artificial consciousness through the lens of neuroscience. Trends in Neuroscience. Published:October 18, 2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2023.09.009
Huckins G. Minds of machines: The great AI consciousness conundrum philosophers, cognitive scientists, and engineers are grappling with what it would take for AI to become conscious. MIT technology review. October 16, 2023
Li D, He W, Guo Y. (2021), Why AI still doesn’t have consciousness? CAAI Trans. Intell. Technol, 6: 175-179. https://doi.org/10.1049/cit2.12035
Chouard T. The Go Files: AI computer wraps up 4‐1 victory against human champion. Nature News (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ nature.2016.19575
Huckins G. Minds of machines: The great AI consciousness conundrum, MIT Technology Review, Oct 16,
Zhi G, Xiu R. (2023) Quantum Theory of Consciousness. Scientific Research Publishing Inc., Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 11, 2652-2670. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2023.119174.
Graziano MS, Kastner S. Human consciousness and its relationship to social neuroscience: A novel hypothesis. Cogn Neurosci. 2011 Jan 1;2(2):98-113. doi: 10.1080/17588928.2011.565121.
Wahbeh H, Radin D, Cannard C, Delorme A (2022) What if consciousness is not an emergent property of the brain? Observational and empirical challenges to materialistic models Front. Psychol. 13:955594. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.955594
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Richard H. W. Funk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
