Risk Management Practice and Sustainability of Community Policing Projects: A Case of Nyumba-Kumi Community-Policing Project in Kasarani Constituency in Nairobi County, Kenya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.113.14577Keywords:
participatory risk assessment, risk planning, risk communication, risk monitoring, sustainability of community-policing project, Nyumba-Kumi community-policing projectAbstract
Sustainability of projects is very important in promoting long-term gains to the beneficiaries. However, risks are ranked among the most constraining factors in attaining long-term impacts of projects focused on promoting peace and security in the community. The study investigated the influence of risk management practice on sustainability of Nyumba-Kumi community-policing project in Kasarani Constituency in Nairobi County, Kenya. The objectives were to establish the influence of participatory risk assessment, risk planning, risk communication and risk monitoring on sustainability of community-policing project. Risk theory and sustainability theory anchored the study. Descriptive survey was adopted. The targeted population was 222 project coordinators. A sample size of 144 was obtained using Krejcie & Morgan formula and stratified random sampling. Structured questionnaires and interview guide were used to collect data. Split-half method was used in testing reliability at Cronbach`s alpha ≥0.7. Quantitative data was analyzed using frequencies, mean, percentages, standard deviation, Pearson-Correlation method and regression analysis. The research model was tested using F-test at 95% confidence interval. Qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis. The results from inferential statistics showed that risk management practice has statistically significant effect on sustainability of Nyumba-Kumi community-policing project. The strength of influence decreased in the following order: risk monitoring (r=0.72), risk planning (r=0.60), participatory risk assessment (r=0.47) and risk communication (r=0.39). The accounted for 59% variation in the sustainability of Nyumba-Kumi community-policing project (for R2= 0.59). Thus, risk management practice was concluded to be an important factor for promoting sustainability of community-policing project
References
Abuhasirah, M. & Shahrour, I. (2019). Risks assessment of urban participatory governance implementation. MATEC
Web of Conferences 281, 0 (2019)
Adelekan, I. O., & Asiyanbi, A. P. (2016). Flood risk perception in flood-affected communities in Lagos, Nigeria. Natural Hazards, 80(1): 445–469.
Aduma, L. K., & Kimutai, G. (2018). Project risk management strategies and project performance at the National Hospital Insurance Fund in Kenya. International. Academic Journal of Information Sciences and Project Management, 3(2), 80-110.
African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum (APCOF, 2010). Common standards for policing in East Africa. Published by the Commonwealth Human Rights Project
Amuya, L. (2017). Community Policing in Kenya: Examining the Challenges Derailing Police-Civilian Relations in Teso South Sub-County.
Beggs, J. C. (2018). Risk communication in Disaster Epidemiology, ScienceDirect
Bialostok, S. (2015). Risk theory and education: Policy and practice. Policy Futures in Education, 13(5) 561-576.
Borner, S. B., Torrico-Albino, J. C., Nieto-Caraveo, L. M. & Cubillas-Tejeda, C. C. (2017). Living with everyday environmental risks: giving a voice to young people in the design of community-based risk communication programs in the city of San Luis Potosí, México, Children's Geographies.
Brankamp, H. (2020). Refugees in Uniform: Community Policing as a Technology of Government in Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya. Journal of Eastern African Studies,
Breutigam, D. & Fortier, E. (2019). First nation policing program and policy-making. Journal of community safety & well-being, 4 (3), 54-57
Bridges, J. (2019). Risk Analysis 101: How to Analyze Project Risk; Project Manager
Canter, D. & Youngs, D. (2016) Crime and society, Contemporary Social Science, 11 (4), 283-288, https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2016.1259495
Community Policing Information Booklet (2017). National Police Service; 2017.
Crispim, J., Silva, L.H. & Rego, N. (2019). Project risk management practices: the organizational maturity influence, International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 12 91), 187-210.
Diphoorn, T. & Stapele, N. (2020). What Is Community Policing? Divergent Agendas, Practices, and Experiences of Transforming the Police in Kenya, Policing, 0(0) 1–13.
Diphoorn, T. (2016). Twilight Policing: Private Security and Violence in Urban South Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press
Ekardt, F. (2014). Climate Change, Justice, and Sustainability: The Right to Freedom, Protection Rights, and Balancing. Archiv für Rechts- Und Sozialphilosophie 100 (2):187-200
Enders, J. C. & Remig, M. (2015). Theories of Sustainable Development. Electronic Green Journal (38)
Eshun, G. & Tichaawa, T.M. (2020). Community participation, risk management and ecotourism sustainability issues in Ghana. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 28(1), 313–331. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.28125-472 European Commission (EU, 2020). Community-Based Policing and Post-Conflict Police Reform. https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/653909
Fearnside, P. M. (2016) Environmental and social impacts of hydroelectric dams in Brazilian Amazonia: Implications for the aluminum industry. World Dev 77:48–65
Friedman, R. R. (2018). Community Policing: Reinventing the Wheel?’ International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 2: 291–293.
GIATOC (2020). Police reform needed for local and transnational crime,
Gjelsvil, I. M. (2020). Police Reform and Community Policing in Kenya: The Bumpy Road from Policy to Practice. Journal of Human Security, 16 (2), 19–30.
Government of Kenya (2014). CGH, State of The Nation Address by President Uhuru Kenyatta, Parliament Buildings, Nairobi, 27 27 March, 2014
Hedelina, B., Eversb, M. Alkan-Olssonc, J. & Jonssond, A. (2017). Participatory modelling for sustainable development: Key issues derived from five cases of natural resource and disaster risk management;
Environmental Science and Policy, 76 (2017), 185-197
ISCJ (2020). Global Crime rates. UNODC ISO Guide 73: 2009, Risk Management-Vocabulary, First Edition, 2009
ISS (2015). Responses to insecurity in Kenya. ISS East Africa Report, Issue 3
Johnson, L. (2020). Security Controls Evaluation, Testing, and Assessment Handbook (Second Edition)
Kemei, E. J. (2017). Assessment of effect of information system security threats on information resources in public institutions: A case of Kenya school of government. Unpublished.
Kerzner, H. R (2009). Project Management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling, 10th Edition, Wiley publishers.
Kiprono, W. & Karungari, M. J. (2016). Peace Building Challenges in Kenya Implementation of Community Policing as a critical factor, International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review, 7 (12), 20185-20204.
Kiprop, L. F. & Tenai, J. (2017). Effect of risk monitoring on performance of financial institutions. European Journal of Business and Strategic Management, 2(4-6), 70-81
Krejcie, R.V. & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 30(608), Sage Publishers.
Lee, D. (2018). The effect of safety management and sustainable activities on sustainable performance: focusing on suppliers, Sustainability, 2018 (10), 1-16
Liu, W.-C., Hsieh, T.-H. & Liu, H.-M. (2021). Flood Risk Assessment in Urban Areas of Southern Taiwan. Sustainability 2021 (13), 1-23.
Lolemtum, J. T., Ehagi, G., Nyakeyo, A. & Nguma, R. (2016). Strengthening the concept of early warning for disaster risk reduction and food security: practices and lessons from Baringo and West Pokot Counties of Kenya. Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung and UoN-ADIS, December 2016
Magana, O. G. & Yusuf, M. (2020). Effect of Project Management Practices on Performance of Food Security Projects in Kilifi, County. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 6 (2) (426-431).
Mahmoud al-Mukahal, A. A. (2020). Risk Management of Construction Projects. Engineering Management Research, 9 (1), 15-27.
Makin, D. A. & Marenen, O. (2017). Let’s Dance: Variations of Partnerships in Community Policing.’ Policing 11(4): 421–436
Manayiti, O. (2017). Zimra descends on second-hand tyre dealers. News Day, Zimbabwe.
Manuele, F. A. (2016). Risk Assessments: Their Significance and the Role of the Safety Professional. In Popov G, Lyon BK, Hollcraft B (eds.). Risk Assessment: A Practical Guide to Assessing Operational Risks. John Wiley & Sons
Maritim, S. K., & Chelule, K. (2018). Influence of project risk management practices on performance of telecommunication network modernization projects in Kenya. European Journal of Business and Strategic Management, 3(7),101-124.
Matu, J., Kyalo, D., Mbugua, J. & Mulwa, A. (2020b) Stakeholders` participation in Project Planning: Prerequisite to Effective Completion of Urban Road Transport Infrastructure Projects in Kenya. Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research, 8, 73-91
McCarthy, L. (2018). Do Russians trust their police? Reform must start from top. PONARS Eurasia
Metheny, M. (2017). The Role of Risk Management: Applying the NIST risk management framework in Federal Cloud Computing (Second Edition), 2017
Mhirat, M. M. & Irtemeh, H. J. (2017). Impact of Risk Management on Project Success: An Empirical Investigation in Jordanian Ministry of Environment. European Journal of Business and Management 9 (19), 55-61
Michaelides, R., Bryde, D. & Ohaeri, U. (2014). Sustainability from a project management perspective: Are oil and gas supply chains ready to embed sustainability in their projects? Proceedings of 2014 Project Management Institute Research and Education Conference, Portland, OR, USA, 27–29 July 2014.
Mukta, B. G., Man, N. Mukhtar, U. & Hussaini, A. (2019). Performance analysis of flood risks communication and adaptation program for fishermen in east-coast Malaysia, International Journal of Agricultural Extension, 8 (2), 67-76.
Munyao, F. M. & Nganga, R. (2017). Effects of Nyumba Kumi project on security management in Kenya, a case study of Lungalunga Subcounty, Journal of Public Policy and Administration, 2 (2-5) 70 – 95
Mwanzia, E. K. (2019). Influence of participatory monitoring and evaluation on performance of donor funded food security project in Kenya: A case of Kibwezi West Sub-County in Makueni County. Unpublished research report
Ngigi, R. N. (2018). Role, practice and challenges of nyumba kumi project in crime reduction: a case study of Makongeni estate, Delta zone, Thika, Kenya.
Njagi, P. M. (2018). Nyumba Kumi Project-a critical Analysis Government Political Violence Terrorism. ECPR General virtue conference.
Office of the Chief Inspector Kasarani Constituency (2019). Crime report. Office printer
OSAC (2020). Crime & Safety Report in Kenya. Website: https://ke.usembassy.gov
Project Management Institute (PMI, 2017). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), Sixth Edition. Newtown Square, PA.
Rahmana, M. S. & Adnana, T. M. (2020). Risk management and risk management performance measurement in the construction projects of Finland. Journal of Project Management, 5 (2020) 167–178.
Rausand, M. (2013). Risk Assessment: Theory, Methods, and Applications. John Wiley & Sons
Roeser, S., Hillerbrand, R., Sandin, P., Peterson, M. (2012). Introduction to Risk Theory. Handbook of Risk Theory. Springer, Dordrecht.
Ruteere, M. (2017). Governing Security from below: Community-Led Security Mechanisms in Urban East Africa.’ African Review 44(1): 1–26.
Ruteere, M., Makulilo, A. & Walwa, W. J. (eds) (2017). Special issue: Governing security from below – The case of four cities in East Africa. The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs, 44(1)
Schulte, J. & Hallstedt, S. I. (2017). Challenges for integrating sustainability in risk management-current state of research, ICED, 17
Sitienei, S. K. & Chumba, J. K. (2020). The Influence of Economic Hardship on Violent Crimes in Kenya. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 10(4): p10020
Slovic, P. (December 2006). Risk Perception and Affect. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 15 (6): 322–
Straub, F. (2020). The Importance of Community Policing in Preventing Terrorism. National Police Foundation Toljaga-Nikoli´c, D, Todorovi´c, M., Dobrota, M., Obradovi´c, T. & Obradov, V. (2020). Project management and sustainability: playing trick or treat with the planet, Sustainability 2020 (12)
Wildavsky, A. & Dake, K. (1990). Theories of Risk Perception: Who Fears What and Why? Daedalus. 119(4): 41–
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Lerina Josephine Naanyu, Chandi John Rugendo, Njue Nicasio Gicovi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
