A Modified Structural Setting and Subsurface Distribution of Cretaceous Facies from Southwest to Northeast in The Calabar Flank of The Lower Benue Trough
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.111.13882Keywords:
Correlatable facies, facies distribution, composite stratigraphic section, processed seismicAbstract
This research is focused on the structural setting and subsurface distribution of cretaceous facies in the Calabar Flank, Lower Benue Trough. The aim of this research is to compare the works of Nyong (1995), Reigers and Petters, (1997) in light of new available subsurface data. Materials used are data sets from three wells drilled at different periods within the same acreage (Wells A, B and C). Seismic data, well logs and mud log data have been used to analyze and study the subsurface geology of the study area. Well data from the three wells were viewed and matched with processed seismic data. A composite stratigraphic section produced show correlatable facies, their lateral extents and the subsurface facies distribution in the study area. Well A drilled, south central Calabar Flank encountered shale and sandstone, very thick shale unit with limestone overlying sandstone at the base. Well B also drilled south central Calabar Flank about 0.8km from Well A encountered the same sequence. Whereas Well C drilled about 4.7km from Well B encountered sandstone, shale, marlstone and limestone. This research shows that only well C encountered marlstone. Observations from the well sections, show the penetrated limestone unit appears disconnected, with very high resistive anomaly suggesting that the limestone reservoir penetrated by the three wells are not laterally continuous. These findings tend to modify the earlier published articles on the structural setting and subsurface distribution of Cretaceous sediments SW to NE of the Calabar Flank South Eastern Nigeria in terms of facies distribution, facies lateral extent and structural variability or changes.
References
Adeleye, D.R. and Fayose, E.A. (1978). Stratigraphy of the type of section of Awi Formation. J. Min. Geol. 15:30-57.
Akpan, E.B. (1985). Ichnology of the Cenomanian-Turonian of the Calabar Flank, S.E. Nigeria. Geol. en Mijnbouw. 64:365-372.
Akpan, E.B. (1992). Peruviella dolium (Roemer) and the age of the Mfamosing Limestone, SE Nigeria. J. Min. Geol. 28:191-196.
Boboye, O.A., Okon, E.E. (2014). Sedimentological and geochemical characterization of the Cretaceous strata of Calabar Flank, southeastern Nigeria. J. Afr. Ear. Sci. 99:427-441.
Dessauvagie, T.F.J. (1974). Geological map of Nigeria. (1:1,000,000). Nigeria Mining and Geological Society.
Edet, J.J., Nyong, E.E. (1993). Depositional environments, sea level history and paleobiogeography of the Late Campanian - Maastrichtian on the Calabar Flank, SE Nigeria. Paleogeogr. Paleoclim. Paleoecol. 102:161-175.
Ekpo, B.O., Essien, N.U., Fubara, E.P., Ibok, U.J., Ukpabio, E.J.and Wehner, H. (2013). Petroleum geochemistry of Cretaceous outcrops from Calabar Flank, southeastern Nigeria. Mar. Pet. Geol. 48:171-185.
Essien, N.U., Ufot, D.O. (2010). Age of Mfamosing Limestone, Calabar Flank, southeastern Nigeria. Int. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 10(5):8-19.
Fayose, E. A. (1987). Depositional environments of carbonates of Calabar Flank, south eastern Nigeria. Nigerian J. Min. Geol. 15, 1-13.
James, N. P. and Kendall, A. C. (1992). Introduction to Carbonate and Evaporite facies Models in: R. G. Walker and N. P. James (Eds.), Facies Models. Response to sea level changes. Geol. Assoc. of Canada Sec. Pub. 1992. 454 pp
Kogbe, C. A. (1989). The Cretaceous Paleocene Sediments of Southern Nigeria. In C. A. Kogbe (ED.), Geology of Nigeria (pp. 320-325). Jos Rock View Ltd
Nair, K. M., Ramanathan, R.M. and Ukpong, E.E. (1981). Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of Cretaceous and associated rocks of Calabar Flank, Nigeria. Nigerian J. Min. Geol. 18, 120-129.
Murat, R.C. (1972). Stratigraphy and paleogeography of the Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary in Southern Nigeria.
Nyong, E.E. (1995). Cretaceous sediments in the Calabar Flank. In: B. N. Ekwueme; E. E. Nyong and S. W. Petters (Eds.). Geological excursion guidebook to Oban Massif, Calabar Flank and Mamfe Embayment, Southeastern Nigeria. Nigeria Mining and Geosciences society 31st Annual Conference, Calabar, March 12-16 pp. 14-25.
Oti, M. N. (1990). Mid-Cretaceous shelf carbonates: the Mfamosing Limestone, lower Benue Trough (Nigeria). Facies 22, 87-101.
Petters, S.W. (1978). Mid-Cretaceous Paleoenvironment and Biostratigraphy of the Benue Trough, Nigeria. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 89:151-154.
Petters, S.W., Zaborski, P.M.P., Essien, N.U., Nwokocha, K.D., Inyang, D.O. (2010). Geological excursion guidebook to the Cretaceous of the Calabar Flank, Southeast Nigeria. Nigerian Mining and Geosciences Society 46th Annual Conference ‟Calabar 2010”. Shamber Grafitech Studio. 28p.
Petters, S. W., Nyong, E.E., Akpan, E.B. and Essien, N.U. (1995). Lithostratigraphic revision for the Calabar Flank. 31st Ann. Conf. Nig. Min. Geosci. Soc. Abs. pp. 54: Petters, S. W. and Reijers, T. J. A. (in prep.) Karst in the Mfamosing Limestone, South-eastern Nigeria.
Reijers, T. J. A. and Petters, S. W. (1987). Depositional environment and diagenesis of Albian carbonates on the Calabar Flank, SE Nigeria. J. Petrol. Geol. 10, 283-294.
Reijers, T.J.A., Petters, S.W. (1997). Sequence stratigraphy based on microfacies analysis: Mfamosing Limestone, Calabar Flank, Nigeria. Geol. en. Mijnbouw. 76:197-215.
Reyment, R.A. (1965). Aspects of the Geology of Nigeria. Ibadan University. Press, Ibadan, Nigeria. P 145.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Selema, S. B., Acra, E. J., Richmond Ideozu.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
