Evaluation of Bay Leaf and Onion Peel Ethanolic Extracts for the Management of Kola Weevils (Balanogastris kolae) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Stored Cola Nitida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.105.13041Abstract
Farmers subject cured kolanuts to chemical treatment for control of kola weevils, kola nuts do not undergo any other additional form of post harvest processing before storage and consumption, therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new post harvest storage pest control strategies that are safe, of low cost, convenient to use, and environmentally / user friendly. The objective of the study is to assess the efficacy of Bay leaf and Onion peel ethanolic extracts on Balanogastris kolae against the chemical control measures. Efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Bay leaf and Onion Peels at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 %v/v, each as protectant in the control of the Kola weevil Balanogastris kolae, were compared with a conventional insecticide, Cypermethrin at a rate of 5 ml / 100g Kolanut. Parameters evaluated include adult mortality, rate of adult emergence and nut damage which were subjected to analysis of variance and means between treatments were separated using LSD. Mortality of Balanogastris kolae increased with increasing concentration of the extracts as well as days of exposure, All the treatments were better than the control (P < 0.05) in reducing the number of emerged adult B. kolae and grain damage. All treatments proved superior to control (58.0%) with Cypermethrin and 90 %v/v Onion peel outstanding.
References
Adedire C.O. and Lajide L. (2003). Ability of extracts of Ten Tropical plant species to protect maize grains against infestation by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais during storage. Nigerian Journal of Experimental Biology 4: 175-179
Adedire, C. O and Akinneye J.O (2004). Biological activity of tree marigold, Tithonia diversifolia on cowpea seed bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Annals of Applied Biology. 144: 185-189.
Adedire, C. O. (2003). Use of nutmeg Myristica fragans (Houtt.) powder and oil for the control of cowpea storage bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius. J. Pl.. Prot. 109: 193–199.
Adu OO. Evaluation of seven fumigants as possible cowpea grains protectants. Rep. Nig. Stored Prod. Res. Inst. 1979/80 Tech. Rept. 1983;5:57–62. 12.
Akinkurolere R.O; Adedire, C.O; Odeyemi, O.O (2006). Laboratory evaluation of the toxic properties of forest anchomanes, Anchomanes difformis against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Insect Science and Its Application. 13:25-29.
Appert, J. (1987). The Storage of Food grains and Seeds. The Tropical Agriculturists CTA, Macmillian Publisher Ltd. London: 146 pp.
Chander H, Ahmed S. Laboratory evaluation of natural embelin as grain protectant against some insects of wheat in storage. Indian J. Stored Prod. Res. 1987;23(1):41-46. 14.
Daramola, A.M., 1978a. Insect pest of kola in Nigeria. kola. Research Bulletin. CRIN, Ibadan, 3: 33.
Ewete, F. K., Arnason, J. I., Larson, J. and Philogène, B.J.R (1996). Biological activities of extracts from traditionally used Nigerian plants against European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hub. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 80: 531-537.
Firdisa, E. and Abraham, T. (1998). Effects of some botanicals and other materials against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky on stored maize. In: Proceedings of the Sixth Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Maize Conference. Maize Production Technology for the Future. Challenges and opportunities. CIMMYT and Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organisation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : 101 – 104.
Ifebueme N. M., Okweche S. I. and Umoetok S. B. A. 2020. Efficacy of bio-pesticidal plant products for the protection of Cola nitida (Schott & Endl.) against kola weevil, Balanogastris kolae Desbrochers (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in storage. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00178-9
Jackai LEN, Daoust RA. Insect pest of cowpea. Ann. Rev. of Entomology. 1986; 39:95-119.
Lale, N.E.S., (2002). Stored Products Entomology and Acarology in Tropical Africa. 1st Edn., Mole Publications Ltd. Maiduguri, Nigeria, pp: 204.
Menn, J. J. (1987). Present insecticides and approaches to discovery of environmentally acceptable chemicals for pest management . Edited by Whitehead, L and Bowers, W. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 586 pp.
Nezan, J. T (1983). The use of Local Materials (Pepper, Ash and Oil) to control storage pests on Sorghum, Millet, Cowpea, Groundnut and maize. HND Thesis, College of Agriculture, Ahamadu Bello University, Zaria
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 O. Ibitoye, A. O. Ogundare, T. M. Ayangbemi, O. S. Oyewole, K. M. Ogungbemi, M. O. Oyelakin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
