Socio-economic Contributions of The Retail Sale of Mfumbwa (Gnetum africanum Welw.) Among Traders in the Uíge city, Angola
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.96.11216Keywords:
socio-economic contributions, retail sale of mfumbwa (Gnetum africanum), Uíge City Angola.Abstract
The trade of non-wood forest products in the town of Uíge, including the Mfumbwa (Gnetum africanum Welw.), is an important activity for the family economy and helps to meet the daily needs of households. The aim of this research was to find out the socio-economic contributions of the retail sale of Mfumbwa among households in the town of Uíge. The socio-economic surveys were based on a semi-structured questionnaire and submitted orally to the informants. The study was based on purposive sampling and took place between March and September of 2021 in the city of Uíge, northern Angola. A total of 56 informants were interviewed, all (100%) women. Mfumbwa retailing is a women's business because the traders interviewed are exclusively (100%) women. The majority (38%) of retailers in Mfumbwa are between 18 and 30 years old. Trade is the main source (97%) of employment and income for the respondents. Mfumbwa retailers in the city of Uíge have an average of 15 years of experience in trading this product. The majority (63%) of retail traders in Mfumbwa have more than 30 years of experience in this activity. The average profit generated by the retail sale of Mfumbwa in the city of Uíge is 85.61 US$ per month/ retailer. The income from the retail sale of Mfumbwa is destined mainly to the strengthening of the household basket (25%), to the schooling of children (21%) and to the health of the household (18%). The retail sale of Mfumbwa in the city of Uíge improves the socio-economic conditions of the trading households, helps to combat unemployment and to supplement the family budget thanks to the income generated by this trade. Finally, to avoid the extinction of this species, it is imperative to develop sustainable conservation strategies.
References
Joo Hwan Kim and Hyosig Won. Identification of Cambodian Gnetum (Gnetaceae, Gnetales) species by DNA barcoding. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 2016. 46(2): 163-174.
Doungous O., Ruslan Kalendar, Nadezhda Filippova & Benjamin K Ngane: 2019. Utility of iPBS retrotransposons markers for molecular characterization of African Gnetum species, Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, [Consulted: 27 August 2021].
Hou C., Humphreys A.M., Thureborn O., C. Rydin. New insights into the evolutionary history of Gnetum (Gnetales). Taxon. 2015; 64: 239-253.
Biye E.H. 2013. Sustaining Gnetum L. (Gnetaceae) in Africa through improved taxonomy and domestication. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa. 339p.
Iwu M.M. 2 ed. 2014. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. 508p.
Schippers R.R., and M.T Besong. 2004. Gnetum Africanum Welw, pp.1-8 in PROTA 2: Vegetables/Légumes. (CD-ROM), Grubben GJH, and OA Denton, eds., PROTA, Wageningen: Netherlands.
Sunderland TCH., L. Clark. The non-wood forest products of Central Africa: Current Research and Prospects for conservation and development. Rome, FAO. 2001; p. 233-236.
Le guide de la médecine et de la santé tropicale : Les vertus cachées du gnetum. Caméroun ; 2006. Consulted 31 August 2021. Available : www.santetropicale.com. French.
Mensah J. K., Okoli R.I., Ohaju-Obodo J.O., K. Eifediyi. Phytochemical, nutritional and medical properties of some leafy vegetables consumed by Edo people of Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008. 7: 2304-2309.
Ingram V., Ndumbe L.N., M.E. Ewane. Small scale, high value: Gnetum africanum and buchholzianum value chains in Cameroon. Small-scale Forestry, 2012. 11: 539-556.
Oumar S.B. 2017. The economics of non-timber forest products in Cameroon: The Case of ERU (Gnetum).
Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics, 2009. vol .27 No.2, 149-172.
Ndumbe L., V. Ingram, and A. Awono. 2009. “Eru Market Chain Baseline in the Southwest and Littoral Regions of (Gnetum spp.) Cameroon.” Center for International Forestry, Bogor, Indonesia.
Brenton P., E. Gamberoni, C. Sear (eds.). 2013. Women and Trade in Africa: Realizing the Potential. Washington, DC: The World Bank group. 188p.
Ingram V and J Schure. 2010. Review of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Central Africa, Cameroon. CIFOR Report, CIFOR: Bogor Barat, Indonesia. Bogor Barat, Indonesia. 167p.
Mawunu M., P. Makuntima, L. Masidivinga, T. Lautenschläger, N. Luyindula, K.N. Ngbolua, and L. Lukoki. “First Survey on the Edible Non-Wood Forest Products Sold in Uíge Province, Northern Angola”. European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 2020. 2 (6).
Mawunu M., K. Bongo, E. Afonso, Makonzo Mbuta Za Vua, L. Ndiku, K.N. Ngbolua. Contribution à la connaissance des produits forestiers non ligneux de la Municipalité d’Ambuila (Uíge, Angola) : Les plantes sauvages comestibles. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 2016. 26, pp. 190-204. French.
Monizi M., A. Dionisio Canga, L. Lukoki, K. N. Ngbolua and N. Luyindula. Ethnobotanical and Socio-economic of Dracaena camerooniana Baker in Uíge Province, Northern Angola. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, 2019, 20 (2): pp. 1-15. (2021). Socio-economic Contributions of the Retail Sale of Mfumbwa (Gnetum africanum Welw.) Among Traders in the Uíge city, Angola. European Monizi M., V. Mayawa, J. Fernando, C. Neinhuis, L. Thea. The cultural and socio-economic role of Raffia wine in the Province Uíge, Angola”. Discovery, 2018a. 54 (268), pp. 119-129.
Monizi M, Fernando J, Luyindula N, KN Ngbolua, C Neinhuis, T Lautenschläger, Lukoki LF, Timoteo HM. Traditional Knowledge and Skills in Rural Bakongo Communities: A Case Study in the Uíge Province, Angola. American Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 2018b. Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 33-45. Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE): Resultados preliminares. Recenseamento geral da população e habitação – 2014. Luanda, Angola. 2014; 135p. Consulted: 30 August 2021. Available: www.ine.gov.ao. Portugues.
Briggs D.J. and P. Smithson.1986. Fundamentals of physical geography: Rowman & Littlefield.
Peel M.C., B. L. Finlayson, T. A. McMahon. Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2007. 11(5): pp.1633–44.
The exchange rate US$/AOA. Consulted: 10 September 2021. Available: www.xe.com.
Hutchinson J. and J.M. Dalziel. 1954. Flora of West Tropical Africa. 1:1.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2 édition. 2001. Evaluation de l’importance des produits forestiers non-ligneux au Sénégal, FAO, Bureau régional de l’Afrique, Accra, Ghana. French. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2017. Living in and from the forests of Central Africa. Rome, Italy. 208pp.
Mawunu M., Mazekanua P, Antonio T, Lautenschläger T. 2021. Ethnobotanical wild edible plants used by the local people of Mukaba, Angola. [In press].
Manirakiza D., Awono A., Owona H., V. Ingram. 2009. « Mobilisation et renforcement des capacités des petites et moyennes entreprises impliquées dans les filières des produits forestiers non ligneux en Afrique centrale ». Yaoundé, 79p. French.
Lautenschläger T, Neinhuis C, Monizi M, Mandombe JL, Förster A, Henle T, Nuss M. Edible insects of Northern Angola”. African Invertebrates, 2017. 58(2): pp. 55–82.
Ministério de Ambiante. 2018. Lista Vermelha das Espécies de Angola. Direção Nacional da Biodiversidade. Portuguese.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Monizi Mawunu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
