Effect of Pyrethroid on Fertility of Adult Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.96.11409Abstract
Sixty Adult female albino rats were randomly divided into seven groups as fellow group (1) normal control, Inductive group (1) in this group animals received low dose 12 mg/kg) from permethrin, Inductive group (2),in this group animals received high dose ( 75mg/kg.) from permethrin, group 4: treated group, animals received Vit E. (500 mg/ mg/Kg.) and then received low dose of permethrin (12 mg/k.) after half hour, group 5: treated group, animals received Vit E. (500 mg/ mg/Kg.) and then received high dose of permethrin (75 mg/k.) after half hour,Group 6: treated group, animals received Vit E. (250 mg/ mg/Kg) and then received low dose of permethrin (12 mg/k. ) after half hour and group 7: treated group, animals received Vit E. (250 mg/ mg/Kg.) and then received low dose of permethrin (75 mg/k. ) after half every doses received daily. At the end of the experimental period Blood samples were withdrawn,we determine triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), blood urea and creatinine. Also Estradiol and progesterone, total T3 , T4 and TSH levels in plasma of female were measured. The excised ovary in each group used to measure MDA, as a marker for lipid peroxidation (LPO) and GSH content in ovary tissue . In the same time the ovarian tissue which were removed after sacrifice, it was used for histological examination for the evaluation and assessment of the d fibrous formation, in injuries tissue.
permethrin with different doses (12 and 75 mg/kg respectively) significantly (p≤ 0.05) increased the MDA and significantly decreased (p< 0.05) in GSH content in ovary tissue versus control animal. Though treatment with vitamin E after permethrin with different dose (250 and 500 mg/kg respectively) significantly deceased the MDA content versus permethrin group (12 and 75 mg/kg respectively) and Vit E treatment increased GSH content in a group treated with (permethrin 75 mg/kg b.w). The level of both serum estrogen (E2) and progesterone were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in a permethrin group in both doses (12 and 75 mg/kg ) when compared to control group. While, treatment with Vit E ameliorate the level of E2 and progesterone. Treating rats with permethrin led to a significant decrease in triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) as well as a significant increase of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) when compared to control group. Administration of Vitamin E and permethrin caused an improvement in the levels ofT3 and T4 and TSH.
This study was designed to elucidate premethrin effects at doses (12and75mg\kgw b) for 30 days, causing reproductive toxicity through several biotransformation metabolites processes. Focusing on ovarian injures and reproductive efficacy. treated ovarian tissue showed histological alterations represented by reduction number of different follicles, with absent mature follicles in high dose premethrin, or follicles without oocytes and zone granulose residual with vacuolar change finally necrotic areas. Special stain for connective tissue fibersMasson's trichrome, showed accumulation of fibrous proportional to the dose. while the Immuno- reactive of TNF-ᾳ assayment many necrotic area evidence of premethrin toxicity, also its dwindling effect on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)which affected the efficiency of DNA, and consequently on the cell proliferative activity. In contrast, evaluate the effective therapeutic role of Vitamin E at doses (250 and 500 mg \kg bw),as an antioxidant clarified, which is explained by the histological in the results. This study reveals that chronic exposure to premerthin even low dose alters ovarian cycle activity . Hence, Premethrin exposure threat fertility of humans and animals.it is speculate that the positive effect of the Vitamin E by its antioxidant activity able to protect ovarian tissues the premerthin toxicicity
References
Abdul-Hamid, M. and Salah, M. (2013): Lycopene reduces deltamethrin effects induced thyroid toxicity and DNA damage in albino rats. J. Basic. Appl.Zool., 2013;66(4):155–163.
Anju, A. and Bechan, S. (2010): Pesticides induced oxidative stress in mammalian systems A . Int J Biol Med Res., 1(3): 90-104.
Anudurga, G. and Jayanthi, A. (2018): An overview of pyrethroid insecticides .Frontiers in Biology, 13(1): 79–90. DOI:10.1007/s11515-018-1489-z.
Asari, M.A.; Abdullah, M.S. and Ismail, Z. I. M. (2010): Histomorphometric study on the effect of low dose deltamethrin on the developing cerebellar cortex. Turk. J. Med. Sci., 40:943–948.
Atef, M. A. (2010): Physiological and Histopathological Investigations on the Effects of -Lipoic Acid in Rats Exposed to Malathion. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2010: 203503, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2010/20350.
Aydin, B. (2011): Effects of thiacloprid, deltamethrin and their combination on oxidative stress in lymphoid organs, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma of rats. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 100:165–171.
Balkwill, F.; Charles; K. A. and Mantovani, A. (2005): Smoldering and polarized inflammation in the initiation and promotion of malignant disease. Cancer Cell, 7(3):211-7.
Bancroft, J.D. and Gamble, M. (2002).Theory and practice of histological techniques. 5th ed. London: Churchill Living stone, 2001, 800pp
Bassil, K.L.; Vakil C.; Sanborn M.; Cole, D.C., Kaur, J.S. and Kerr, K.J. (2007): Cancer health effects of pesticides Systematic review. Can Fam Physician, 53(10):1704-1711.
Beutler, B.A (1999). The role of tumor necrosis factor in health and disease J. Rheumatol., 26: 16-21.
Cantalamessa F. (1993): Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, permethrin, and cypermethrin in neonatal and adult rats. Arch Toxicol. 1993; 67(7):510-3.doi: 10.1007/BF01969923. ISSN:2008-2967. E-ISSN:2251-6459.
Carlson, K. and Ehrich, M. (2008): Distribution of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells in the cell cycle following exposure to organophosphorus compounds. J BiochemMolToxicol, 22: 187–201.
Changwon, Y.;Whasun, L. and Gwonhwa, S. (2020): Mediation of oxidative stress toxicity induced by pyrethroid pesticides in fish.(2020): Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 234:108758.
Colborn, T.; vom Saal, F. S.; and Soto, A. M. (1993): Developmental Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in
Wildlife and Humans . (1993): Environmental Health Perspectives, 101 (5):378-384.
Das, K.; K. Sarkar, P.; Tarafder, P.P.; Nath, G. and Paul. (2014): Chlorpyrifos suppresses female reproductive function in rat, Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci., 5 (1) : 810–818.
Dhivya, V.; Manuel, C.; Cinzia, N.; Donatella, F. and Rosita, G. (2011): Early life permethrin insecticide treatment leads to heart damage in adult rats. Exp Gerontol., 46(9):731-8DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2011.05.005.
Ehab, k. H. and Mostafa, M. A. (2017): Role of vitamin e in reduction of oxidative stress induced by pyrethroids on rat liver. Zagazig j. F orensic med. &toxicol, 15:1.
Ellman, G.L. (1959): Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch BiochemBiophys, 82: 70-77.
Essers, J.; Theil, A.F.; Baldeyron, C.; van Cappellen, W.A.; Houtsmuller, A.B.; Kanaar R. and Vermeulen W. (2005): "Nuclear dynamics of PCNA in DNA replication and repair". Mol. Cell. Biol., 25 (21): 9350–9359. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.21.9350-9359.2005. PMC 1265825. PMID 16227586.
Gabbianelli, R.; Palan, M.; Flis, D.J.; Fedeli, D. and Nasuti, C. (2013): Imbalance in redox system of rat liver following permethrin treatment in adolescence and neonatal age. Xenobiotica, 43: 1103–1110.
George, C.; Vincent, G.; Barbara, B.; Seth, H.; Michael, C. and David, B.(2002): Relationships between exposure to dioxin-like chemicals, testosterone levels, and sex of the children of pesticide applicators. Organohalogen compounds, 56:73-76.
Greenfeld, C.R.; Roby, K.F.; Pepling, M.E.; Babus, J.K.; Terranova, P.F. and Flaws, J.A. (2007): Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor type 2 is an important mediator of TNF alpha function in the mouse ovary. Biol Reprod,76 (2): 224 – 31. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.055509.
Guney, M.; Baha, O.; Hilmi, D.; Gulnur, T.; Seren, G.G.; Irfan, A., and Tamer, M. (2007a): Fallopian damage induced by organophosphate insecticide methyl parathion,and protective effect of vitamins E and C on ultrastructural changes in rats. Toxicol. Ind. Health, 23:429–438.
Guney. M.; Hilmi, D.; Baha, O.; Meltem, O.; Gokhan, B. and Irfan, A. (2007b): Ovarian toxicity in rats caused by methidathion and ameliorating effect of vitamins E and C. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 26, 491–498.
Haneia, I.; Mokhtar, H. A.; Reda, H. E.; Wessam, M. A. and Mona, I. S. (2013): Effect of methomyl on fertility, embryotoxicity and physiological parameters in female rats, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 3 (12): 109-119. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2013.31220 ISSN 2231-3354
Heba M. El-Danasoury Alaa M. Khozimy; Laila A. Reda Marwa S. Kamel. (2020):Toxic Effects of Administration of Cypermethrin, Vitamin E, Zinc and Their Mixtures on the Hormonal Levels of Thyroid, Kidney Functions and some Biochemical Parameters in Male Mice. Journal of Applied Plant Protection, 9(1):39-49. DOI: 10.21608/japp.2020.156303.
Hood, A.; Liu, J.; Liu, Y.; Gattone, V. and Klaassen, C. D. (1999). Sensitivity of thyroid gland growth to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in rats treated with anti-thyroid drugs. Toxicol. Sci., 49(2) 263–271.
Ikram, M. S.; Mehmood, T. S. ; Faiza; S.; Iqra, A. and Tabassam, Q. (2016): Alteration in the blood biochemical parameters and degenerative lesions in Rat liver by a common pyrethroid insecticide (Bifenthrin). Pure and Applied Biology, Quetta. 5(4): 1-13. DOI:10.19045/bspab.2016.50130.
Jalili, T.; Khaki, A.; Ghanbari, Z.; Imani, A. M. and Hatefi, F.(2014): A study of the therapeutic effects of vitamin e on testicular tissue damage caused by fluoxetine. Crescent journal of medical and biological sciences , 1 (2):37 –41.
Kalender, S.; Kalender, Y.; Ogutcu, A.; Uzunhisarcikli, M.; Durak, D. and Açikgoz, F. (2004): Endosulfan-induced cardiotoxicity and free radical metabolism in rats: the protective effect of vitamin E. Toxicology, 202(3):227-35.
Kaneko, H. (2010): Pyretheroid chemistry and metabolism. In: Krieger R, editor. Hayes Hand book of Pesticide Toxicology (3rd Edition). London, UK: Academic Press Inc. pp. 1635–1663.
Kingsley, C. P. and Iniobong, A. C. (2014): Biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidney in male Wistar albino rats following exposure to Solignum: A permethrin-containing wood preservative J Xenobiotics, 4:4596.
Klee, G.G. (1996): Clinical usage recommendations and analytic performance goals for total and free triiodothyronine measurements. Clinical Chemistry, 42(1):155-159.
Koc, N.D.; Kayhan, F.E.; Sesal, C. and Muslu, M.N. ( 2009): Dose-dependent effects of endosulfan and malathion on adult wistar albino rat Ovaries. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 12: 498-503.
Kotil, T. and Yon, N. D. (2015): The effects of permethrin on rat ovarian tissue morphology. Exp ToxicoloPathol., 67(3):279–284. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.01.005. Epub 2015 Feb 7.
Kumar, J. S.; Banudevi, S.; Sharmila, M.; Murugesan, P.; Srinivasan, N.; Balasubramanian, K.; Aruldhas, M. and Arunakaran, J. (2004): Effects of Vitamin C and E on PCB (Aroclor 1254) induced oxidative stress, androgen binding protein and lactate in rat Sertoli cells. Reproductive Toxicology. ReprodToxicol, 19(2):201-8. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.08.001.
Lebrec, H.; Ponce, R.; Preston, B.D.; Iles, J.; Born, T. L. and Hooper, M. (2015): Tumor necrosis factor, tumor necrosis factor inhibition, and cancer risk. Curr Med Res Opin., 31(3):1–76. DOI:10.1185/03007995.2015.1011778
McLachlan, J.A. (2011): Environmental signaling: What embryos and evolution teach us about endocrine disrupting chemicals? Endo. Rev., 22, 319-341 (2001).
Mclaughlin, P. J.; Elwood, N. J; Ramadi, L.T; Pica, M. R. and Mckenzie, I. F. (1990):Improvement in sensitivity of enzyme –linked immune sorbent assay for tumor necrosis factor TNF . Immunol Cell Biol , 68(1):51-5 .
Meeker, J. D.; Barr, D. B. and Hauser, R. R. (2009): Pyrethroid insecticide metabolites are associated with serum hormone levels in adult men. Reproductive Toxicology, 27(2): 155-160.
Milne, G.W.A. (2000): Handbook of Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals. Ashgate Publishing Limited, Hampshire, England, p.1632.
Mohamed, M. A. and Ahmed, A. (2018): Protective effects of rosuvastatin and vitamin E against fipronil-mediated oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat liver and kidney, Food and Chemical Toxicology,114:69-77.
Mohammadi, S.; Jalali, M.; Reza, N. M.; Sankian, M.; Gholamin, M.; Fazel, A. and Alireza ebrahimzadeh-bideskan. (2013): Combination of vitamin E with L-carnitine increase CatSper Genes expression in the aging mouse testis.European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(4):77-83.
Mokhtar, I. Y.; Talaat, I. A. and Edriss, H. M. (2006): Deltamethrin-induced oxidative damage and biochemical alterations in rat and its attenuation by Vitamin E, Toxicology, 227(3):240-7.
Moldovan, G.L.; Pfander, B. and Jentsch, S. (2007): "PCNA, the maestro of the eplicationfork". Cell, 129(4): 66579. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.003. PMID 1751240
Mossa, A.T.H.; Refaie, A.A.; Ramadan, A. and Bouajila, J.(2013): Amelioration of prallethrin induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rat by the administration of Origanum majorana essential oil, BioMed Res. Int. (2):859085 .DOI:10.1155/2013/859085.
Mulla, A.; Fazari, A.; Elkhouly, M. and Moghaddam, N. (2018): Role of Antioxidants in Female Fertility Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 8 (2) : 85-91.
Murat, K.; Yavuz, S.; Gökhan, E.; Mürsel, K.; Zeynep, S. S. and Serap, Ş. (2016): The toxic effect of cypermethrin, amitraz and combinations of cypermethrin-amitraz in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 23(6):5232–5242 DOI 10.1007/s11356-015-5720-z
Naeem, M. R. (2016): Effect of Iron, Zinc, Vitamin E and Vitamin C Supplementation on Thyroid Hormones in Rats with Hypothyroidism. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 5(3):201.DOI:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20160503.18.
Nelson, J.C., and Wilcox, R.B. (1996): Analytical performance of free and total thyroxine assays. Clin. Chem., 42(1): 146-154.
Niki, E. (2013): Role of vitamin E as a lipid-soluble peroxyl radical scavenger : in vitro and in vivo evidence. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 66(66) 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.022.
Nordberg, J.andArnér, E.S.J. (2001): Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system1 1This review is based on the licentiate thesis “Thioredoxin reductase—interactions with the redox active compounds 1-chloro-2,4- dinitrobenzene and lipoic acid” by Jonas Nordberg. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 31, 1287–1312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00724-9.
Ogutcu, A.; Uzunhisarcikli, M.; Kalender, S.; Durak, D.; Bayrakdar, F. and Kalender, Y. (2006): The effects of organophosphate insecticide diazinon on malondialdehyde levels and myocardial cells in rat heart tissue and protective role of vitamin E. Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 86(2):93-98.
Ohkawa, H.; Ohishi, N. and Yagi, K. (1979): Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem, 95(2):351–358.
Olusegun, K. A.; Felix, A. A.; Dasola, T. F.; Abimbola, A. and Adedoja, D. W. (2019): Oxidative stress and inflammation following sub-lethal oral exposure of cypermethrin in rats: mitigating potential of epicatechin.Heliyon, 5(8): e02274. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02274
Pascoe, G. A.; Olafsdottir, K. and Reed, D.J. (1987): Vitamin E protection against chemical-induced cell injury: I. Maintenance of cellular protein thiols as acytoprotective mechanism. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 256(1):150-8.
Picut, C.A.; Swanson, C.L.; Scully, K.L.; Roseman, V.C.; Parker, R.F. and Remick, A.K .(2008): Ovarian follicle counts using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and semi-automated image analysis in rats. ToxicolPathol, 36(5): 674–679.
Radwanska, E.; Frankenberg, J. and Allen, E. (1978): Plasma progesterone levels in normal and abnormal early human pregnancy. Fertility and Sterility, 30(4): 398-402.
Richard W. B. (2009): Histologic Preparations: Common Problems and Their Solutions. Northfield, Ill.: College of American Pathologists, 95-101.
Samira, C.; Fatiha, M. and Essaid, L. (2017): Potential protective effect of Pistacia lentiscus oil against chlorpyrifosinduced hormonal changes and oxidative damage in ovaries and thyroid of female rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 96:1310-1316.doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.081.
Sankar, P.; Telang, A.andManimaran, A. (2010): Curcumin protects against cypermethrin-induced genotoxicity in rats. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2010; 30 :289–291.
Sankar, P.; Telang, A.G. and Manimaran, A. (2012): Protective effect of curcumin on cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 2012;64: 487–493.
Saviour, U. U.; Uduak, O. L.; Friday, E. U. and Eyong, U. E. (2018): Protective eeffects of vvitamins E and C against ccrude oil induced rreproductive toxicity in rats. Curr Trends Clin Toxicol, CTT-101. DOI: 10.29011/ CTT-101.100001.
Schönenberger, F.; Deutzmann, A.; Ferrando-May, E. and Merhof, D. (2015): "Discrimination of cell cycle phases in PCNA-immunolabeled cells". BMC Bioinform., 16 (180): 180. doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0618 9. PMC 4448323. PMID 26022740
Seng, H.; Liew, Q. N.; Andreas, S.; Jock, K. F. and Karla, J. H. (2017):The ovarian reserve is depleted during puberty in a hormonally driven process dependent on the pro-apoptotic protein BMF Cell Death and Disease 8, e2971; doi:10.1038/cddis.2017.361.
Sharma, A.; Kumar, V.; Kumar, R.; Shahzad, B.;Thukral, A. K. and Bhardwaj, R. (2018a): Brassinosteroid-mediated pesticide detoxification in plants: a mini-review. Cogent Food Agric, 4(1):1436212.
Shawn, M. B.; Susmita, J.; Jennifer, M. Mc.; Jessica, E. H.; Barbara, F.; Michele, T. P.; and Francesca, E. D. (2016): Reproductive age-associated fibrosis in the stroma of the mammalian ovary. Society for Reproduction and Fertility, 152(3):245–26. doi: 10.1530/REP-16-0129
Shui-Yuan, L.; Pinpin, L.; Wei-Ren, T. and Chen-Yi, W. (2018): Deltamethrin alters thyroid hormones and delays pubertal development in male and female rats. In book Comparative Endocrinology of Animals: 19 pages DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81107.
Simic, M.G.; Jovanovic, S.V. and Niki, E. (1992): Mechanisms of +lipid oxidative processes and their inhibition. AcsSymp. Ser., 500, 14–32. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0500. ch002.
Small, D.M.; Coombes, J.S.; Bennett, N.; Johnson, D.W. and Gobe, G.C. (2012): Oxidative stress, anti-oxidant therapies and chronic kidney disease. Nephrology, 17, 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2012.01572.x.
Somayyeh, A. A.; Mohammad, R. N.; Mahdi, J. and Ali, R. F. (2018): Evaluation of oxidative stress indices after exposure to malathion and protective effects of ascorbic acid in ovarian tissue of adult female rats. Electronic Physician, 10 (5): 6789-6795. ISSN: 2008-5842. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.19082/6789.
Suqing, W.; Nian, S.; Zhiying, J. i,; Graziano, P.;Zhonghua, L.; Dong, W.; Sheng, Z.; Ye, B. and Za, Z. (2002): Effects of pyrethroids on the concentrations of thyroid hormones in the rat serum and brain. Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases, 20(3):173-6.
Tsang, B.K.; Armstrong, D.T. and Whitfield, J.F. (1980): Steroid biosynthesis by isolated human ovarian follicular cells in vitro, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 51: 1407-1411.
Uboh, F.; Akpanabiatu, M.; Edet, E. and Ebong, P. (2011): Vitamins A, C and E ameliorate gasoline vapour-induced toxicity effect on sex hormonal levels in female wistar rats. Acta Endocrinologica (Buc), 2:189-198.
Uner, N.; Uzcan, E.; Cany, M. and Sevgiler, Y. (2001): Effects of cypermethrin on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of the freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus and Cyprinus carpio (L.). Bull Environ ContamToxicol, 67: 657-664.
Uzunhisarcikli, M. and Kalender, Y.(2011): Protective effects of vitamins C and E against hepatotoxicity. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.,74(7):2112-8.doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.07.001.
Ventura, C.; Nieto, M.R.R.; Bourguignon, N.; Lux-Lantos, V.; Rodriguez, H.; Cao, G.; Randi, A.; Cocca, C. and Núñez, M. (2016): Pesticide chlorpyrifos acts as an endocrine disruptor in adult rats causing changes in mammary gland and hormonal balance, J. Steroid Biochem Mol. Biol, 156 (2016) 1-9 Volume 8, No 26.
Wael, M. A. (2018): Toxic effects of Lambda-cyhalothrin, on the rat thyroid: Involvement of oxidative stress and ameliorative effect of ginger extract. Toxicology Reports Toxicol Rep., 2018; 5: 728–736.
Wallace, W. H. and Kelsey, T. W. (2010): Human ovarian reserve from conception to the menopause. PloS one, 5(1) e8772, https://doi org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008772.
Wang, X.; Martinez, M. A.; Dai, M.; Chen, D.; Ares, I.; Romero, A.; Castellano, V.; Martinez, M.; Rodriguez, J. L.; Martinez-Larranaga, M. R.; Anadón, A. and Yuan, Z. (2016): Permethrin-induced oxidative stress and toxicity and metabolism. A review. Environ Res, 149:86–104. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.003
Weidinger, A. and Kozlov, A.V. (2015): Biological activities of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: oxidative stress versus signal transduction. Biomolecules, 5: 472–484.
Xiao, X.; Yoo, K.; Daeyoung, K.; Kyoon, S.; Yoon, J.; Marshall, C. and Yeonhwa, P. (2015): A Pyrethroid Pesticide, Permethrin, Alters Lipid Metabolism and Voluntary Activities in Mice. The FASEB J, 29(S1). https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.776.2.
Xiaoyuan, W. and Peter, J. Q. (2000): The location and function of vitamin E in membranes (Review) . Molecular Membrane Biology,17(3): 143-156.
Zhou, L.; Deng, L.; Chang, N.B.; Dou, L. and Yang, C.X. (2014): Cell apoptosis and proliferation in rat brains after intracerebral hemorrhage: role of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway. Turk J Med Sci, 44:920-927.
Zinat, S.; Mohammad, R. N.; Mehdi, J.; Hamid, R. S.; Fatemeh, R. A.and, Leila, M. (2014): Diazinon-Induced Ovarian Toxicity and Protection by Vitamins E. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 8(26):1130-1135.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Sawsan A. Nasr, Asmaa M. Moghazy, Amany Osman, Nadia Nasr
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
