Mineral elements analysis using the EDX device and the similarity using the scanning electron microscope for Juncus acutus and Juncus subulatus
Comparison of the two species Juncus acutus L. Subsp. acutus and Juncus subulatus Forsk at Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar-Libya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.92.9806Keywords:
Juncaceae; Juncus acutus; Juncus subulatus; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); Anatomy; Cross-section-stems-roots; Seed coat; Mineral elements; Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX).Abstract
Two species of wild of Juncus were studied, the reasons for chosen Juncaceae family are ecologically important. The aim of this study was for formulating the taxonomy of wild species Juncus acutus L. Subsp. acutus and J. subulatus Forsk. In Libya in Jarjar-oma area at Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar. The findings indicated variations in the seed coat the decorative is one of the distinct taxonomic traits, which can be used to distinguish between the species. The periclinal wall was smooth with fine folded, the epidermal cell shape was irregular in seed of J.acutus. While, seed with reticulated, the anticlinal cell wall boundaries, including scars and slightly raised are channelled in seed of J. subulatus. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showing the differences between sclerenchyma cells and vascular bundles in the stems and roots between the two species. Vascular bundles in the stem of J.acutus are scattered, the stem is vacuoles. While, vascular bundles are only in subepidemal layer, meristematic stem where cells have no or only small vacuoles in J.subulatus. The rhizodermis root is relatively short, exodermis with 2-3 layers with large cells, the cortical parenchyma was thick in first species. While, the rhizodermis root is long and extensive, exodermiswith 1-3 layers, the cortical parenchyma unthick in a second species. Analysis of the elements content (EDX), in the shoot of each species. Average nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and silicon are higher in J. acutus compared to J.subulatus. Sodium and chlorine content observed significant increased in J.subulatus. The Juncus selected because of their considerable salt-resistant. The EDX technology was used to find the nutritional value of Juncus as a fodder crop.
References
Abdel Khalik, K. N. 2010. Seed coat morphology and its systematic significance in Juncus L. (Juncaceae) in Egypt. J. of Systematics and Evolution 48 (3): 215–223.
Abusaief, H. M. A. 2013. Life forms and rangeland for many habitats of Jarjar oma in Al- Jabal Al- Akhdar on Mediterranean sea. J. of American Sci. 9(5): 236-249.
Balslev, H. and A. Zuluaga. 2009. Flora De Colombia. Juncaceae. Monografía No. 26. 1-80.
Boissier, E. 1881. Flora Orientalis. Vol. 5. Geneva and Basel.
Boulos, L. 1999. Flora of Egypt (Azollaceae-Oxalidaceae). Vol. 1, Al-Hadara Pub., Cairo, Egypt.
Chhetri, G., T. M. Hynniewta and S. K. Borthakur. 2011. The family Juncaceae in India. East himalayan society for spermatophyte taxonomy. Pleione 5(2): 243 - 253.
Christenhusz, M. J. M. and J. W. Byng. 2016. The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261 (3): 201–217.
Costanzo, B. 2003. COSEWIC status report on Kellogg’s rush Juncus kelloggii in Canada in COSEWIC assessment and status report on Kellogg’s rush Juncus kelloggii in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 1-13.
Davis, P. H. and V. H. Heywood. 1963. Principles of angiosperm taxonomy van. No strand, Princeton. NJ.
Drábková, L. Z. 2013. A Survey of Karyological Phenomena in the Juncaceae with Emphasis on Chromosome Number Variation and Evolution. Bot. Rev. 79:401–446.
Drábková L. Z. and J. Kirschner. 2013. Oreojuncus, a new genus in the Juncaceae. Preslia 85: 483–503.
Faltyn, A., A. Jakubska-Busse, P. Jarzembowski and J. Proćków. 2017. Juncus quartinianus (Juncaceae, sect. Ozophyllum): a neglected species from the Horn of Africa and its re-description based on morphological SEM studies. PLoS One. 12(1): Ferrer-Gallego, P. P. 2019. Typification of four Linnaean names in the genus Juncus (Juncaceae). Taxon 68(1): 142-15.
Frondoni, E. R. and M. Iberite. 2002. The halophile vegetation of the sedimendary coast of Lazio (central Tyrrhenian district, Italy)- Plant Biosyst. 136: 49-68.
Giulietti, A. M., C. T. de Lima, M. L. L. Martins, D. S. Carneiro-Torres and R. P. de Oliveira. 2017. Flora da Bahia: Juncacea. (17): 1-6.
Hassan, M. A. , G. Gohari, M. Boscaiu, O. Vicente and M. N. Grigore. 2015. Anatomical modifications in two Juncus species under salt stress conditions. Not Bot. Horti. Agrobo. 43(2): 501-506.
Helaluddin, A. B. M., R. S. Khalid, M. Alaama and S. A. Abbas. 2016. Main analytical techniques used for elemental analysis in various matrices.
Tropical J. of Pharmaceutical Res. 15 (2); 427-434. Hodges, S. C. 2007. Soil fertility basics. Soil science extension. North Carolina State Univ. 1-73.
Hodson, M. J. and D. E. Evans. 1995. Aluminum/silicon interactions in higher plants. J. of Experimental Bot. 46(283):161-171.
Jafri, S. M. and A. El-Gadi, (Eds). 1980. Flora of Libya. Juncaceae. Bot. Department, Faculty of Sci., Tripoli Univ., Libya Vol. 29. 1-22.
Jones, E., D. A. Simpson, T. R. Hodkinson, M. W. Chase and J. A. N. Parnell. 2007. The Juncaceae–Cyperaceae interface: a combined plastid sequence analysis. Aliso 23: 55-61.
Jezek, M. and M. R. Blatt. 2017. The membrane transport system of the guard cell and its integration for stomatal dynamics. Plant physiology. 174(2).
Kaligarič, M. and S. Škornik. 2006. Halophile vegetation of the Slovenian seacoast: Thero-Salicornietea and Spartinetea maritimae- Hacqsuetia. 5 (1): 25-36.
Kirschner, J. et al. 2002. Juncaceae. In: Species Plantarum: Flora of the world Part 6. ABRS, Austr. Biol. Res. Stud., Canberra. 1–237.
Labadie, J. 1976. Contribution à l’etude caryosystematique des espeees halophiles du littoral languedocier (plus precisement, especes appartenant à la classe des Salicornietea). These, Universite du Languedoc.
Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum, 2 Vols. Stockholm.
Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants, 2nd edn. London: Academic Press.
Murley, M. R. 1951. Seeds of the cruciferae of northeastern America – Am. Midland Not. 46. 1-81.
Obermeyer, A. A. 1985. Juncaceae. In: O.A. Leistner, ed., Flora of Southern Africa 4 (2): 71–89.
Osman, F., M. A. Zahran and S. Fayed. 1975. Potentialities of the seeds of flora of Egypt for oil production. Bull. Fac. Sci. Cairo Univ. 3, 85.
Page, M. C., S. L. Braver and D. P. MacKinnon. 2003. Levine’s Guide to SPSS for Analysis of Variance (2nd edition). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Riedell, W. E. and T.E. Schumacher.2009. Transport of water and nutrients in plants. Agric. Sci.- Vol. I. 1-460.
Romanowski, N. 2009. Planting Wetlands and Dams - A Practical Guide to Wetland Design, Construction and Propagation 1-11.
Sarika, M. 2012. flora and vegetation of some coastal ecosystems of Sterea Ellas and eastern continental Greece (Greece). Lazaroa 33: 65-99.
Shabala, S. 2003. Regulation of potassium transport in leaves: from molecular to tissue level. Ann. Bot. 92(5): 627–634.
Sievers, C. 2013. What’s the rush? Scanning electron micrographs of Juncus (Juncaceae) seeds. Southern African Humanities 25: 207–16.
Simon, T. 1992. A magyarorsza´gi ede´nyes flo´ra hata´rozo´ja. Harasztok-Vira´gos no¨ve´nyek. Tanko¨nyvkiado´, Budapest.
Snogerup, S. 1963. Studies in the genus Juncus. III. Observations on the diversity of chromosome numbers. Botaniska Notiser 116: 142–156.
Snogerup, S. 1993. A revision of Juncus subgen. Juncus (Juncaceae). Wildenowia 23: 23–73.
Stearn, S. C. 1983. The influence of size and phylogeny on patterns of covariation among life-history traits in the mammals. Oikos. 41 (2); 173-187.
USDA,NRCS. 2015. PLANTS Database. Queensland Government (2011). Weeds of Australia Biosecurity Queensland Edition. GBIF (0). Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
Verloove, F. 2010. Juncus dichotomus (Juncaceae) in northwestern Italy, a xenophyte new to Europe. Willdenowia 40. 137-178.
Wink, M. 2013. Evolution of secondary metabolites in legumes (Fabaceae). Elsevier. South African J. of Bot. 89. 164–175.
Xu, Z. and L. Chang. 2017. Juncaceae. In book: Identification and control of common weeds Vol. 3. 1.
Zahran, M. A. and A. M. El-Habib. 1979. A phytochemical investigation of Juncus species. Bull. Fac. Sci. Mansura Univ. 5, 1.
Zareh, M., A. Faried and N. Farghaly. 2017. Micromorphological studies on the genus Lotus L. (Fabaceae: Loteae) from Egypt. Turk J Bot. 41: 273-288.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 huda abusaief
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
