Everyday Life for First-Time Fathers During Pregnancy and After the Baby is Born

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.1304.19235

Keywords:

father, family functioning, everyday life, burden, baby family time

Abstract

Becoming a father is one of the most significant events in a man's life, bringing with major changes, emotions and challenges. The birth of a new family member affects fathers' everyday lives, for example through the functioning of the family, their mood and the feeling of parenthood. The concept of fatherhood has modernized towards a more diverse and involved fatherhood instead of a narrow-minded concept. Despite this, the role of fathers as equal parents is not yet recognized well enough in the healthcare system. The aim of this research was to describe the experiences of first-time fathers during pregnancy and the first eight months of their baby's life. The study is part of an international longitudinal study in Finland and Japan. The survey used the Japanese version of Family Function Scale (FFS) and Sense of Parenting Burden Scale (Burden). The data were analyzed by statistical methods. Fathers assess family functioning as fairly good during pregnancy and after the birth of the baby. Fathers assess the sense of parenting burden increasing in a statistically significant during the first eight months of the baby's life. The background variables had no statistically significant associations with family functioning or experience of parenting burden. Although fathers assess family functioning, and their experience of the burden for good, they need support in parenting and fatherhood.

References

Sohlberg, B., & Glavin, K. (2018). Fathers want to play a more active role in pregnancy and maternity care and at the child health centre. Norwegian Journal of Clinical Nursing, 72006. doi.10.4220/Sykepleienf.2018.72006.

Lähteenmäki, M. (2021). Keneen tukeutua isäksi tultua? Pitkittäistutkimus isien ensisijaisista tuen lähteistä ja vertaistuen tarpeesta lapsen ensimmäisinä ikävuosina. [Who do new fathers turn to upon for help? A Longitudinal Study of the fathers’ primary sources of support and the need for peer support during the child's early years]. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Turku. Annales universitatis turkuensis sarja – ser. b osa – tom. 557.https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-29-8637-84. 3. Solomon, C.R. (2014). "I Feel Like a Rock Star": Fatherhood for Stay-at-Home Fathers. Fathering: A Journal of Theory, Research & Practice about Men as Fathers, 12(1), 52–70. https://doi.org/10.3149/fth.1201.52.

Lewington, L., Lee, J., & Sebar, B. (2021). “I’m not Just a Babysitter”: Masculinity and Men’s Experiences of First-Time Fatherhood. Men and Masculinities, 24(4), 571-589. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X21993884.

Darwin, Z., Galdas, P., Hinchliff, S., Littlewood, E., McMillan, D., McGowa, L., Gilbody, S., & McGowan, L. (2017). Fathers’ views and experiences of their own mental health during pregnancy and the first postnatal year: A qualitative interview study of men participating in the UK Born and Bred in Yorkshire (BaBY) cohort. BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth, 17, 1–15. DOI 10.1186/s12884-017-1229-4.

Widarsson, M., Engström, G., Tydén, T., Lundberg, P., & Hammar, L. M. (2015). ‘Paddling upstream’: Fathers’ involvement during pregnancy as described by expectant fathers and mothers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 24(7–8), 1059–1068. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12784.

Lé vesque, S., Bisson, V., Charton, L., & Fernet, M. (2020). Parenting and Relational Well-being During the Transition to Parenthood: Challenges for First-time Parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies 29, 1938-1956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01727-z.

Edvardsson, K., Ivarsson, A., Eurenius, E., Garvare, R., Nyström, M. E., Small, R., & Mogren, I. (2011). Giving offspring a healthy start: Parents’ experiences of health promotion and lifestyle change during pregnancy and early parenthood. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 936. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/936.

Johansson, M., Thomas, J., Hildingsson, I., & Haines, H. (2016). Swedish fathers contemplate the difficulties they face in parenthood. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 8, 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2016.02.005.

Lidbeck, M., Bernhardsson, S., & Tjus, T. (2018). Division of parental leave and perceived parenting stress among mothers and fathers. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 36(4), 406-420. DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2018.1468557.

Leung, M., Letourneau, N., Giesbrecht, G., Ntanda, H., & Hart, M. (2017). Predictors of Postpartum Depression in Partnered Mothers and Fathers from a Longitudinal Cohort. Community Mental Health Journal, 53(4), 420–431. DOI:10.1007/s10597-016-0060-0.

Rominov, H., Giallo, R., Pilkington, P. D., & Whelan, T. A. (2018). ”Getting help for yourself is a way of helping your baby:” Fathers’ experiences of support for mental health and parenting in the perinatal period. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 19(3), 457–468. DOI:10.1037/men0000103.

Lee, S.J., Sanchez, D.T., Grogan-Kaylor, A., Lee, J.Y., Albuja, A. (2018). Father early engagement behaviors and infant low birth weight. Matern Child Health Journal, 22(10), 1407-1417.

Bä ckströ m, C., Kå reholt, I., Thorstensson, S., Golsä ter, M., & Må rtensson, L. (2018). Quality of couple relationship among first-time mothers and partners, during pregnancy and the first six months of parenthood. Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare, 17, 56–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2018.07.001.

Hambidge, S., Cowell, A., Arden-Close, E., & Mayers, A. (2021). “What kind of man gets depressed after having a baby?” Fathers’ experiences of mental health during the perinatal period. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 463. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03947-7.

Howarth, A., & Swain, N. (2020). Predictors of postpartum depression in first-time fathers. Australasian Psychiatry, 28(5), 552-554. DOI: 10.1177/1039856220924324.

Vänskä, M., Punamäki, R.-L., Tolvanen, A., Lindblom, J., Flykt, M., Unkila-Kallio, L., Tulppala, M., & Tiitinen, A. (2017). Paternal mental health trajectory classes and early fathering experiences: Prospective study on a normative and formerly infertile sample. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41(5), 570–580. https://doi.org/10.1177/016502541665430.

Kalland, M., & Salo, S. (2020). Vanhemmuuden tukeminen vauva- ja lapsiperheissä. [Parenting support in infancy and childhood.] Lääketieteellinen aikakauskirja Duodecim, 136(8), 891–897.

Klemetti, R., Vuorenmaa, M., Ikonen, R., Hedman, L., Ruuska, T., Kivimäki, H., & Rajala, R. (2018). Mitä vauvaperheille kuuluu? LTH-tutkimuksen 3–4-kuukautisten vauvojen ja heidän perheidensä pilottitutkimuksen perusraportti. [What is in store for families with babies? Basic report of the LTH study pilot study of 3–4-month-old babies and their families.] Working paper 18/2018. Helsinki: National Institute for Health and Welfare. https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-343-121-8.

Finnish National Board on research Integrity TENK. (2019). The Ethical principles of research with human participants and ethical review in the human sciences in Finland. The ethical principles of research with human participants and ethical review in the human sciences in Finland. Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK guidelines 2019 (PDF)

Kanzaki, M., Otaki, C., Maeda, K., Hori, T., Take, A., Otsuka, H., Noguchi, T., & Maehara, S. (2012). Development of Japanese Version FFS (Family Functioning Scale): Reliability and Validity for Family on Child-Fostering Phase. Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science, 32(1), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.5630/jans.32.1_50.

Kanzaki, M., & Fujiwara, C. (2015). Effects of family function on antenatal depression and parenting selfefficacy of Japanese primiparas in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Journal of Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 20(2), 193–296. https://doi.org/10.18977/jspog.20.2_193.

Nakajima, K., Saito, Y., & Okada, S. (1999). Factorial Invariance of Parenting Strain Index. The Journal of Tokyo Academy of Health Sciences, 2(2),176-184. https://doi.org/10.24531/jjhs.2.2_176

Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. London: Sage.

Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2009). The practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis and generation of evidence. 6th Edition, Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis.

Lammi-Taskula, J., & Salmi, M. (2014). Työnjako ja tyytyväisyys parisuhteeseen lapsiperheessä. [Division of labor and satisfaction with the relationship in a family with children.] In Lammi-Taskula J. and Karvonen S. (Eds.) Well-being of families with children 2014. Tampere: Juvenes Print – Suomen Yliopistopaino Oy. https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-302-270-6.

Bäckström, C., Thorstensson, S., Mårtensson, L. B., Grimming, R., Nyblin, Y., & Golsäter, M. (2017). ” To be able to support her, I must feel calm and safe”: Pregnant women’s partners perceptions of professional support during pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17, 1–11. DOI 10.1186/s12884-017-1411-8.

Klemetti, R., Vuorenmaa, M., & Helakorpi, S. (2021). Vauvaperheiden hyvinvointi- FinLapset-kyselytutkimus 2020: Koronapandemia on heikentänyt vauvaperheiden jaksamista- tyytyväisyys perhe-elämään silti suurta. [Well-being of families with babies - FinLapset survey 2020: The corona pandemic has weakened the coping skills of families with babies - satisfaction with family life still high.] Statistical report 6/2021. Helsinki: National Institute for Health and Welfare. https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe202103227990.

Gemayel, D. J., Wiener, K. K. K., Nic Giolla Easpaig, B., & Saliba, A. J. (2022). A Qualitative Exploration of Fathers’ Antenatal and Postnatal Challenges. Journal of Family Issues, 43(7), 1898–1921. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X211030060.

Durmaz, G., Bas, N., & Gumus, F. (2016). Father's Perceptions of Their Role in Fathers with Babies Aged between 4 and 12 Months in Turkey. Newborn & Infant Nursing Reviews, 16, 115-118. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.nainr.2016.08.005.

Lepistö, S., Raunima, M., & Paavilainen E. (2022). Families Expecting and Living with a Baby: a Perspective on Parental Worries. Childhood Vulnerability Journal, 4, 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41255-022-00024-9.

Matvienko-Sikar, K., Murphy, G., & Murphy, M. (2018). The role of prenatal, obstetric, and post-partum factors in the parenting stress of mothers and fathers of 9-month-old infants. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 39(1), 47–55. DOI: 10.1080/0167482X.2017.1286641.

Da Costa, D., Danieli, C., Abrahamowicz, M., Dasgupta, K., Sewitch, M., Lowensteyn, I., & Zelkowitz, P. (2019). A prospective study of postnatal depressive symptoms and associated risk factors in first-time fathers. Journal of Affective Disorders 249, 371–377. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.033.

Lagarto, A., & Duaso, M. J. (2022). Fathers’ experiences of fetal attachment: A qualitative study. Infant Mental Health Journal, 43(2), 328–339. DOI:10.1002/imhj.21965.

Tilastokeskus (2021) Isät tilastoissa. [Statistics Finland (2021) Fathers in statistics.] Online publication https://stat.fi/tup/poimintoja-tilastovuodesta/isat-tilastoissa.html.

Lasheras, G., Farré-Sender, B., Osma, J., Martínez-Borba, V., & Mestre-Bach, G. (2022). Mother infant bonding screening in a sample of postpartum women: Comparison between online vs offline format. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 40(5), 500–515. DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2021.1921716.

Downloads

Published

2025-08-26

How to Cite

Lepistö, S., Koivisto, A.-M., Alasuvanto, E., Piironen, T., Kylmä, J., Paavilainen, E., & Kanzaki, M. (2025). Everyday Life for First-Time Fathers During Pregnancy and After the Baby is Born. European Journal of Applied Sciences, 13(04), 327–342. https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.1304.19235