{"id":9019,"date":"2022-10-14T15:23:15","date_gmt":"2022-10-14T10:23:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/?p=9019"},"modified":"2022-10-20T11:07:18","modified_gmt":"2022-10-20T06:07:18","slug":"eb301","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/eb301\/","title":{"rendered":"Translation Studies &#8211; Study Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9019\" class=\"elementor elementor-9019\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7e9e8a6d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7e9e8a6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-19f6d98d\" data-id=\"19f6d98d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-58c348e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"58c348e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6aad46aa\" data-id=\"6aad46aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25de970f custom-sub-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25de970f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Translation Studies - Study Guide<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b5ef6fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3b5ef6fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3baec7a4\" data-id=\"3baec7a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-700546e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"700546e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Annie A. Parmis<\/strong><br \/><strong>Annie Famela B. Rodriguez <\/strong><br \/><strong>Euginn A. Buletin <\/strong><br \/><strong>Precious C. Domingo <\/strong><br \/><strong>Jocelyn T. Urgello<\/strong> <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ed281a6 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"5ed281a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>DOI:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14738\/eb.301.2022\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14738\/eb.301.2022<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-385f937f elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"385f937f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Translation studies, study guide<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1300c342 custom-text-justify elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"1300c342\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">This Translation Studies Study Guide covers many aspects of translation under translating and interpreting one language into another as well as translation as a means to understand people of diverse languages across cultures.  Since English is considered the lingua franca (language for common understanding) of the world populace and is a popular medium of instruction in Philippine schools and universities, it is but natural for students to think that no matter what languages\/dialects they may have, it is a must to learn to speak, read, and write English for them to have a \u201cwiser\u201d grasp of the corporate world and beyond. However, the instruction does not end there. Even if teachers\/instructors are ordered to use English as the medium of instruction, they need to speak in their students' language\/dialect as the need arises. This is where translation comes in. Moreover, in everyday conversation, translation (specifically \u201cinterpreting\u201d) is important especially when one is to understand not only the meaning but also the cultural nuances around one\u2019s utterances.  This Translation Studies Study Guide focuses more on readings\/notes about translation types, methods, and techniques; translation vocabulary; and tips on how to come up with a good translation from one language into another. This is to help learners realize that it is basically the cultural meanings of the words, phrases, and clauses (and not the word per se) that are to be translated, thus the introduction of the terms transposition, localization, interpretation, interpreting, adaptation, and the like.<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4cc466a3\" data-id=\"4cc466a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-308250a2 img-thumbnail elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"308250a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Dol_135SD_Ua8e3xpZfO-kFkNm0gNuRw\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"206\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eb301-206x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-8989\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eb301-206x300.jpg 206w, https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eb301-704x1024.jpg 704w, https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eb301-768x1117.jpg 768w, https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eb301.jpg 874w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 206px) 100vw, 206px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c92723d dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2c92723d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64ed9ede elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"64ed9ede\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-lg\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1aJdU40UKJVCiR0fjLj8LVze0slGy3VKQ\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-download\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">PDF<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf792d dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bf792d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-518f539f custom-sub-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"518f539f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Published<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a1a5f13 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"1a1a5f13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">September 15, 2022<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68cce051 dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"68cce051\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-390edc76 custom-sub-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"390edc76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Categories<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33de955b elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"33de955b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/category\/ebooks\/linguistics\/\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Linguistics<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/category\/ebooks\/literature-language-and-culture\/\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Literature, Language and Culture<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b2a969 dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8b2a969\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36467b30 custom-sub-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36467b30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copyright<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bbda868 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"6bbda868\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Copyright (c) 2022 Annie A. Parmis Annie Famela B. Rodriguez Euginn A. Buletin Precious C. Domingo Jocelyn T. Urgello<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e6c881c dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7e6c881c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-482a0a17 custom-sub-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"482a0a17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">License<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f1b49ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f1b49ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23278f9c dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"23278f9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This Translation Studies Study Guide covers many aspects of translation under translating and interpreting one language into another as well as translation as a means to understand people of diverse languages across cultures.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8989,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"disabled","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,57,58],"tags":[425,285,424],"class_list":["post-9019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ebooks","category-linguistics","category-literature-language-and-culture","tag-language-and-culture","tag-linguistics","tag-literature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9019","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9019"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9019\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9058,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9019\/revisions\/9058"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9019"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9019"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}