{"id":8559,"date":"2022-05-25T15:42:26","date_gmt":"2022-05-25T10:42:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/?p=8559"},"modified":"2022-05-25T16:24:44","modified_gmt":"2022-05-25T11:24:44","slug":"eb283","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/eb283\/","title":{"rendered":"Fault Analysis of Nigeran 330kv Power System"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8559\" class=\"elementor elementor-8559\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-743fbe0b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"743fbe0b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-57abba8f\" data-id=\"57abba8f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-304ea279 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"304ea279\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-570b16b2\" data-id=\"570b16b2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d180e44 custom-sub-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d180e44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fault Analysis of Nigeran 330kv Power System <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-26328481 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"26328481\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-25364fee\" data-id=\"25364fee\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-734fd6f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"734fd6f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ulasi, Atuchukwu John <\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29083f81 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"29083f81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Nigeria<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ed98a21 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"7ed98a21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>DOI:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14738\/eb.283.2022%20\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14738\/eb.283.2022 <\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d1d108 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"31d1d108\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Generating Station, Gross Domestic Product, Power Network System, Power World Simulator<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e36288b custom-text-justify elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"4e36288b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">This work involved the study and simulation of various faults, (single line-to-Ground fault LG, line-to-line fault L-L, 3phase Balanced fault L-L-L, and Double line-to-Ground L-L-G) in the Nigerian 330kV power network system and the analysis of results. Data from Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), National Integrated Power Projects (NIPP), now Niger Delta Power Holding Company of Nigeria (NDPHCN), and Independent Power Producers (IPP) between September 2009 and December 2012 were collected and processed.  The Network was then modelled in both ETAP 4.0 Transient Analysers and Power World  Simulator (PWS) 8.0 Environment using Symmetrical Components equation and NewtonRaphson Power Flow algorithm. The essence of this model is to determine the time limit of transient fault, before, during, and after 3phase fault occurrences in the largest generating station (Egbin) in the network. The effect of this fault on the quadrature axis (i.e. variation in generator exciter current, exciter voltage, electrical power, mechanical power, frequency and rotor angle) is investigated. More so, momentary fault on line-to-ground, line-to \u2013line, 3phase balanced, and double line-to-ground faults were also studied. Three major buses in the network were selected for this study, they are Egbin G.S., because it is the largest generating station with actual generating capacity of 1100MW and peak generation of 968MW as at 24th December 2012; its effect on other generators and buses; Oshogbo because it is the major bus linking the southern and northern parts of the country; Ibadan because it is the highest loaded bus in the entire grid. As a prerequisite to fault study, the steady state analysis on the existing 28 buses was conducted with the view to determine the real and reactive power flow, power losses, and bus phase angles using Power World Simulator (PWS), and ETAP Analyser. The network for this study were initially nine (9) generators, twenty eight (28) buses, and thirty two (32) transmission lines, but was later expanded to seventeen (17) generating stations, fifty two (52) buses and sixty four (64) transmission lines, because of coming on stream of most (IPP) projects. Results obtained indicate that there were some weak bus voltages outside the statutory limits of (0.95p.u.-1.05p.u.). These include: Gombe, Jos, Kaduna, Kano, Shiroro, Abuja (Katampe), Sapele, and National Control Centre. Total load in the system was 3000MW+j000.00 MVAR and total generation was 3029.9+j3408MVAR.  Power losses from the existing generating stations and transmission lines were 29.9MW-j3408MVAR from September 2009 to December2011.Total load in the system was 3496.589MWj2869.397MVAR, and total generation was 4328.543-j335.777MVAR. Power losses from existing generating stations and transmission lines were 831.942MW - j066.000MVAR from December 2011 to December 2012.Results obtained from ETAP and PWS, showed that the most severe fault is that of 3phase balanced fault and the highest fault current is that of lineto-ground fault. The actual value of fault current is dependent on the number of generating plants actually in service at the time the fault occurs.<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5079e31c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5079e31c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- References Button -->\n<div class=\"py-3 text-center\"><button class=\"btn btn-lg btn-primary\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#collapseExample\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapseExample\">\nView References\n<\/button><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-659d1ba1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"659d1ba1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapseExample\" class=\"collapse mt-3\">\n<ol>\n \t<li>Al-Sharher, M., M.M. 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(2003), \u201cNEPA Networks: Deficiencies, Expansion and Improvements\u201d Paper Presented at HIVOTEC colloquium (Nov. 2003).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-572a7ffd\" data-id=\"572a7ffd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11c1df2b img-thumbnail elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"11c1df2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"233\" height=\"300\" 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data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">License<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-366b2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"366b2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b82e3ec dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b82e3ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This work involved the study and simulation of various faults, (single line-to-Ground fault LG, line-to-line fault L-L, 3phase Balanced fault L-L-L, and Double line-to-Ground L-L-G) in the Nigerian 330kV power network system and the analysis of results.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8524,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"disabled","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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