{"id":8518,"date":"2022-05-24T11:03:38","date_gmt":"2022-05-24T06:03:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/?p=8518"},"modified":"2022-05-25T15:39:06","modified_gmt":"2022-05-25T10:39:06","slug":"eb275","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/eb275\/","title":{"rendered":"The Pathogenicity and Molecular Characterization of Trypanosoma Vivax Isolated from Tsetse Belt, Southern Sudan, in Goats and Sheep"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8518\" class=\"elementor elementor-8518\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-28ab1cf4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28ab1cf4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46342a1\" data-id=\"46342a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-77e07b94 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"77e07b94\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-24a277bd\" data-id=\"24a277bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e1f36e1 custom-sub-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1e1f36e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Pathogenicity and Molecular Characterization of\nTrypanosoma Vivax Isolated from Tsetse Belt, Southern\nSudan, in Goats and Sheep<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-721d5765 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"721d5765\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b6ba234\" data-id=\"4b6ba234\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fcd181a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5fcd181a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shadia Ahmed Mohmed Lazim<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-354fb66d elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"354fb66d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">University of Baghdad<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ac575fb elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"4ac575fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>DOI:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14738\/eb.275.2022\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14738\/eb.275.2022<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19c4b50b elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"19c4b50b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Convulsions, Ear Oedema, Emaciation, Pale Mucous Membranes, Recumbency<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-318ce6c0 custom-text-justify elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"318ce6c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31c48ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"31c48ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The present work was conducted to study the pathogenicity of T.vivax (DRSS06) isolated from the tsetse belt in South Sudan in goats and sheep. Comparison was also made with regard to levels of parasitaemia, clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters. In addition, gross lesions and histopathological changes were also recorded. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of the isolate of T.vivax (DRSS06) in the study has also been performed.<\/p>\n<p>The DRSS06 strain of T.vivax was isolated from tsetse belt, Raga city, South of Sudan. It was found to be highly pathogenic to both goats and sheep with 100% mortality rate in both species.<\/p>\n\n<p>The experimental animals composed of 16 goats, 8 were infected group and 8 as control. In addition, 11 sheep, 8 were infected group and 3 left as control group.<\/p>\n\n<a class=\"d-block pt-3\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" href=\"#abstractMore\" role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"abstractMore\">\nRead More\n<\/a>\n\n<div class=\"collapse multi-collapse\" id=\"abstractMore\">\n<p>\nThe prepatent period was found to be a mean of 4.6+ 0.2 days in goats and 4.4+ 0.25 days in sheep. By the end of the study, there was a significant increase in pulse (p>0.01) and respiratory rates (p>0.01) in both species as compared to control groups. Moreover, the haematological changes in Hb, PCV and RBC were decreased significantly (p>0.01) in both species compared to control groups. The body temperature was significantly high (p>0.01) in the two infected groups and correlated with the high parasitaemia which fluctuated within a constant level without remission throughout the study period. However, parasitaemia is significantly higher in  sheep compared to goats (p>0.05). The type of anaemia recorded in this study in infected goats was classified as macrocytic hypochromic in the second week and microcytic hypochromic at weeks 5, and 7 while in infected sheep it was normocytic normochromic at the early and microcytic hypochromic at the last \n \nweek. The most important clinical signs exhibited were emaciation, pale mucous membranes, convulsions, torticollis, weakness, conjunctivitis, ear oedema, recumbency and high mortality rate. The outstanding gross lesions noticed were fluids in body cavities, gelatinous substances, adhesion, fragile liver, flabby heart and haemosidrosis in the kidneys. The histopathological changes observed were infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages throughout the organs. Haemosidrosis and necrosis were shown in the liver and kidney. The brain and intestine were congested.\n\n<\/p>\n<p>\nSerum total proteins in infected goats and sheep decreased significantly (p>0.01) compared to control groups. Glucose levels dropped significantly (p>0.01) in both goats and sheep compared to control groups. Serum iron levels in infected goats decreased significantly (p>0.01) at weeks 1, 4, 5 and 7 and in sheep at wk 5 compared to control groups. Contrastingly, the infected sheep showed a significant increase in Fe at week 2 (p>0.01) compared to control group.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nSodium levels decreased significantly (p>0.01) between week one and three  in the infected goats and sheep compared to control groups. Potassium was decreased significantly (p>0.01) between week one and three in both species and increased significantly (p>0.01) at week 5 in goats and week 4 in sheep compared to control groups. Calcium and phosphorus levels decreased significantly (p>0.01) in goats and sheep compared to control groups. Serum urea levels in infected goats and sheep decreased significantly (p>0.01) at wk 4 in goats and wk 2 and 4 in sheep as compared with the controls. Serum creatinine in infected goats and sheep decreased significantly (p>0.01) compared with the controls. There were significant increase (p>0.01) of bilirubin values in the infected goats and sheep at wk 2 and one respectively compared to control groups. However, no signs of icterus were observed. Serum ALT in goats and sheep decreased significantly (p>0.01) compared to control groups. In contrast, significant increase (p>0.01) of AST levels were noticed in infected goats at wk 5 and in sheep at wk 4 as compared with the \n\ncontrols. However, AST decreased significantly (p>0.01) at wk  7 in goats  and wk 3 and 5 in sheep compared to control groups.  Infected goats and  sheep showed significant (p>0.05) decreased levels of ALP at wk 5 in goats and wks 2 and 5 in sheep compared with the controls. Nonetheless, in the infected goats a significance (p>0.05) increase at wk 7 was shown compared to control group. \nThe life expectancy in goats was 42\u00b114.6 days and in sheep was 33.9 \u00b17.4 days. It is significantly (p>0.05) higher in goats than in sheep. Thus, sheep seemed to be highly susceptible to DRSS06 strain of T.vivax than goats. \n\n<\/p>\n<p>\nIn the present study, two isolates of T.vivax DRSS06 and T.vivax ILRAD Nigerian strain, West Africa were compared using random amplified polymorphic DAN (RAPD). No genetic similarity between them was found. It is concluded that the DRSS06 strain of T.vivax is highly pathogenic to both goats and sheep. In addition, the pathogenesis of the disease in the  two species showed many changes in the blood constituents and body organs culminating in death.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28f23dd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28f23dd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- References Button -->\n<div class=\"py-3 text-center\"><button class=\"btn btn-lg btn-primary\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#collapseExample\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapseExample\">\nView References\n<\/button><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a90e997 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a90e997\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapseExample\" class=\"collapse mt-3\">\n<ol>\n \t<li>Abdel Razig, M. T. and Yagi, A. I. (1973). The distribution and advance of Glossina morsitans in Southern Darfur district, Sudan. Bull. Epiz. Dis. Afr. 21: 253-258. \n<\/li>\n <li>Abenga, J. N. and Anosa, V. O. (2005). Serum total protein and creatinine levels in experimental Gambian trypanosomosis of vervet monkeys. Afr. J. Biotech. 4: 187-190. <\/li>\n<li>Abenga, J. N. and Anosa, V. O. (2007). Serum biochemical changes in experimental Gambian trypanosomosis. 1I: Assessing hepatic and renal dysfunction. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 31:293-296. <\/li>\n<li>Adeiza, A. A.; Maikai, V. A. and Lawal, A. I. (2008). Comparative haematological changes in experimentally infected  Savannah brown goats with T. brucei and T.vivax. Afri. J. Biotech. 7: 2295- 2298.<\/li>\n<li>Akinbamijo, O. O.; Bennison, J. J.; Jaitner, J. and Deapfle, L. (1998). Haematological changes in N,dama and Gobra Zebu bulls during T. congolense infection maintained under controlled feeding regimea. Acta. \nTrop. 69: 181-192. \n<\/li>\n<li>Akinwale, O. P.; Nock, I. H.; Esievo, K. A. N.; Edeghere, H. U .and Olukosi, Y. A., (2006). Study on the susceptibility of Sahel goats to experimental T.vivax infection. Vet.Parasit. 137: 210-213. <\/li>\n<li>Amole, B. O.; Clarrkson, A. B. and Shear. H. L. (1982). Pathogenesis of anaemia in Trypanosoma brucei infected mice. Infect. Immun. 36: 1060- 1068. <\/li>\n<li>Anon, (1992). Animal report of the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases. Nairobi, Kenya. <\/li>\n<li>Anosa, A. I. and Isoun, T. T., (1976). Serum protein, blood and plasma volumes in experimental T. vivax infection of sheep and goats.  Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 8: 14-19<\/li>\n<li>Anosa, A. I. and Isoun, T. T., (1980). Haematological studies on Trypanosoma vivax infection of goats and infact and splenectomised  sheep. J. Camp. Pathol. 90: 155-168. <\/li>\n<li>Anosa, V. O. (1988 a). Haematological and biochemical changes in human  and animal Trypanosomosis.  Part 1. Revue. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays. Trop.,  41 (1): 65-78. <\/li>\n<li>Anosa, V. O. (1988 b) Haematological and biochemical changes in human and animal Trypanosomosis. Part 11. Revue. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays. Trop., 41 (2): 151-164. <\/li>\n<li>Anosa, V. O.; Logan-Henfrey, I. L. and Shaw. M. K. (1992). A light and electron microscopic study of changes in the blood and bone marrow in acute hemorrhagic T.vivax infection in calves. Vet. Pathology. 29: 33-45. <\/li>\n<li>Anosa, V. O.; Logan-Henfrey, I. L. and Wells, C. W. (1997a). 1-The haematology of T.congolense infection in cattle .1-Sequential cytomorphological changes in the blood and bone marrow of Boran cattle. Comparative haematology. Internation.7: 14-22. <\/li>\n<li>Anosa, V. O.; Logan-Henfrey, I. L. and Wells, C. W. (1997b). 2- The haematology of T.congolense infection in cattle.11.Macrophage structure and function in the bone marrow of Boran cattle. Comparative Haematology International 7: 23-19. <\/li>\n<li>Ara\u00fajo, Fr.; Madruga, C. R.; Leal, C. R. B.; Massuda, T. and Schenk,   M. \nA. (1997). Desenvolvimento de uma prova de imunoadsor\u00e7\u00e3o enzim\u00e1tica \n(ELISA) para detec\u00e7\u00e3o de anticorpos contra Trypanosoma vivax. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 6: 2. (In Spanish with English Summery). \n<\/li>\n<li>Awobode, H. O. (2006). The biochemical changes induced by natural human African trypanosomes infections. Afr. J. Bio. 5: 738-742. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-14fc00b9\" data-id=\"14fc00b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-475a9419 img-thumbnail elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"475a9419\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"231\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/EB-275-Title-Page-231x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-8523\" alt=\"The Pathogenicity and Molecular 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b20b960\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copyright<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-506f2ec8 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"506f2ec8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Copyright (c) 2022 Shadia Ahmed Mohmed Lazim<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67af873c dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"67af873c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ae899e2 custom-sub-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5ae899e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">License<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42a2474b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42a2474b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36e15823 dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"36e15823\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The present work was conducted to study the pathogenicity of T.vivax<br \/>\n(DRSS06) isolated from the tsetse belt in South Sudan in goats and sheep. Comparison was also made with regard to levels of parasitaemia, clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8523,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"disabled","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,400],"tags":[403,405,401,402,404],"class_list":["post-8518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ebooks","category-veterinary-medicine","tag-convulsions","tag-ear-oedema","tag-emaciation","tag-pale-mucous-membranes","tag-recumbency"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8518","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8518"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8558,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8518\/revisions\/8558"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8523"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8518"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}