{"id":8293,"date":"2022-03-08T00:00:34","date_gmt":"2022-03-07T19:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/?p=8293"},"modified":"2022-05-06T12:46:43","modified_gmt":"2022-05-06T07:46:43","slug":"eb257","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/eb257\/","title":{"rendered":"Some Historical Essentials: From The Slave Trade To Presence And Past Legacies And Memories In Eastern Nigeria And Cameroon From 1800 To 2014"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8293\" class=\"elementor elementor-8293\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e5cca27 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e5cca27\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77b829c9\" data-id=\"77b829c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-817c62f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"817c62f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-30bb92c3\" data-id=\"30bb92c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36f32c0f custom-sub-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36f32c0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Some Historical Essentials: From The Slave Trade To Presence And Past Legacies And Memories In Eastern Nigeria And Cameroon From 1800 To 2014<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-27b9b047 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"27b9b047\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-141eaed0\" data-id=\"141eaed0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-597d62a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"597d62a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Suh Hillary Sama<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a7c2c87 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"4a7c2c87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Faculty of Letters and Social Sciences, Department of History and Archeology in University of Dschang<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34c2878 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"34c2878\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>DOI:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14738\/eb.257.2022\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14738\/eb.257.2022<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3aa0236d elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"3aa0236d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Trade, History, Slave Dealers.<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7de4e39a custom-text-justify elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"7de4e39a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">The history of slave trade activities along the transatlantic seas and coastlines were marked with coercion and intrigue from all the participants that were involved in the game aiming to attain their diverse goals passing through horrors and undergoing beyond the limit of human dignity with laws that guided the trade on human beings. In the contemporary era we find all samples around the global linking to the ill treatment of Aftricans by the former Western European slave dealers. In respect of the above, we began imagining the unknown through or via knowledge thinking from Oral, documented materials, Archeological and other device sources relevant to the domain of research. The traces were a profound suggestion that has no plight as far as mentioning the reality of the different slave routes which greatly developed with the passing of events within time and space. This growth has been rapid and slow in different areas that this historical fact took place. Historians for the transatlantic slave trade estimated that, throughout the period the illicit trade wantonly yielded much profit to both parties concern but strong destroyed African talented and skillful individuals whom could have strongly contributed to the Continent\u2019s development agenda in the course of history.<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-290c260b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"290c260b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- References Button -->\n<div class=\"py-3 text-center\"><button class=\"btn btn-lg btn-primary\" type=\"button\" data-bs-toggle=\"collapse\" data-bs-target=\"#collapseExample\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"collapseExample\">\nView References\n<\/button><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b3974c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b3974c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"collapseExample\" class=\"collapse mt-3\">\n<ol>\n \t<li>Chilver E M and Roschenthaler UTE (ed.), Cameroon Tycoon Max Essers Expeditions and its Consequences, Cameroon Studies, Volume 3, New York, Oxford, 2001.<\/li>\n \t<li>Chilver E M, Zintgraffs Exploration in Bamenda, Adamawa and the Benue Lands 1889-1892. Ministry of Primary Education and Social Welfare and West Cameroon Antiquities Commission(ed)E W Ardener, Printed by the Government Printer, Buea, 1966.<\/li>\n \t<li>Dike Onwuka K, Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta 1830-1885, An Introduction to the Economic and Political History of Nigeria, Oxford, At The Clarendon Press, 1956.<\/li>\n \t<li>Dr. Eugen Zingtgraff, \u201cBiographic colonial, Belge,\u201d 1952, Cot. pp, 939-940.<\/li>\n \t<li>Eugen Zintgraff, Biographie Coloniale, Belge, V. III, 1952, col. 939-940 <\/li>\n\n<li>Eugen Zintgraff, Zintgraff\u2019s Explorations in Bamenda, Adamawa and the Benue Lands 1889<\/li>\n<li>Eugen Zintgraff, Zintgraff\u2019s Explorations in Bamenda, Adamawa and the Benue Lands 1889-1892, (A book review By E.M. Chilver)<\/li>\n<li>Ewumbue-Monono Churchill, Capital of the Cameroons, Symbol of the Nation and of Reunification, the Center for Research on Diplomacy and Development in Africa (CEREDDA) Buea, Cameroon, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>Eyongetah T and Brain R, A History of the Cameroon, Longman Group, England, 1985<\/li>\n<li>Fanso V G, Cameroon History for Secondary Schools and Colleges, Vol 2, The Colonial and Post-Colonial Periods, Macmillan Cameroon, 1989.<\/li>\n<li>Fardon Richard, Lela in Bali, History through Ceremony in Cameroon, Oxford, Berghahn, 2006.<\/li>\n<li>Fokwang Jude, \u201cHistorical Background to the Chiefdom of Bali Nyonga.\u201d University of Pretoria, (Chapter Four), 2003.<\/li>\n<li>Friedrich Ratzel: Zintgraff, Eugen, dans: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 45, Duncker &#038; Humblot, Leipzig 1900, p. 336-338.<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bafut,-Cameroon<\/li>\n<li>https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/Wiki\/Eugen_Zingraff(25-08-16)<\/li>\n<li>Indoko Evenye Joana, \u201cThe Colonial Trade in the Coastal Land; The Case of Victoria, 1870-1961\u201d. Master Theses, Department of History, University of Dschang, 2016.<\/li>\n<li>Mukete Victor E, My Odyssey: The Story of Cameroons Reunification with\nAuthentic Letters of Key Players, Eagle Publishing, Printed By SOPECAM,\nYaounde, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>Ngoh V J, Cameroon History 1884-1885 A Hundred Years of History, Navi Group\nPublication, Limbe, 1987.<\/li>\n<li>Ngoh V J, History of Cameroon Since 1800, Press Print, Limbe, 2002.<\/li>\n<li>Ngwemuta\u2019a Ntumngia Biko, \u201cThe Bafut War of Expansion and Consolidation and its Impact on the Bafut Fondom: From Pre-colonial Times to 2000\u201d. DIPES\nII, E N S Yaounde 2003.<\/li>\n<li>Niba Mathias L, \u201cThe Bafut and the Germans, 1889-1907.\u201d In Nso and It Neighbours Reading in Social History of the Western Grassfields of Cameroon. (ed. M. Goheen and E M Chilver), Yaounde, 1986.pp,86-101.<\/li>\n<li>Peacook H L; A History of Modern Europe 1789 \u2013 1979, Sixth edition, Heinemann, London, 1982.<\/li>\n<li>Rudin Harry R, \u201cGermans in the Cameroons 1884-1914: a Case Study in Modern Imperialism\u201dUniversity of Florida, 2011.In <a href=\"http:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/germansincameroon,Orudi\/germansincamer oon,Orudi-djvu.txt\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/archive.org\/stream\/germansincameroon,Orudi\/germansincamer oon,Orudi-djvu.txt<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Rudin Harry R, Germans in the Cameroons 1884-1914: A Case Study in Modern Imperialism, University of Florida, 2011.<\/li>\n<li>-Sama Suh H, \u201cSlavery and Slave Trade in Mamfe Region and its Connections with the Niger Delta Region in Nigeria,1800-1957\u201d, Master Theses, Department of History, University of Dschang, Dschang,2009.<\/li>\n<li>Sama Suh H, Some Historical Essentials: From the Slave Trade to Present and Past Legacies and Memories in Eastern Nigeria and Cameroon from 1800 to 2014, Volume I, Gulf of Guinea First Edition, Bamenda, Maryland Publishers, December, 2017.<\/li>\n<li>Smith, W. D. &#8220;The Ideology of German Colonialism, 1840\u20131906.&#8221; Journal of Modern History 46 (1974): 641-663.<\/li>\n<li>Stuhlmacher, W, Bismarcks Kolotdalpolitik, Halle, 1927.\n<\/li>\n<li>Tajoche Tazifor, Cameroon History in the 19th and 20th Centuries, Education Book Centre, Buea, 2003.<\/li>\n<li>Takor, Nixon Kahjum, \u201cThe Political Implications of Trade in the Bamenda Grasslands,\u201d In Pan-Tikar Journal of History, Vol 1, No 1, 2013.pp18-33.<\/li>\n<li>Temgoua, Albert Pascal, Le Cameroun \u00c0 L\u2019\u00c9poque des Allemands 1884-1916, Harmattan Cameroun, 2014.<\/li>\n<li>Temgoua Albert-Pascal, \u201cSouvenirs De L\u2019\u00c9poque Coloniale Allemande Des Cameroun Temoinages Des Camerounais \u00bb In The Politics of Colonial Memory in Germany and Cameroon. Proceedings of a Conference in Yaounde, October 2003.pp, 25-26.<\/li>\n<li>Andreas Eckert (1998) Slavery in Colonial Cameroon, 1880s to 1930s, Slavery &#038; Abolition, 19:2, 133-148, DOI: 10.1080\/01440399808575243 Published online: 13 Jun 2008. ISSN: 0144-039X (Print) 1743-9523 (Online) Journal homepage: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline\">http:\/\/www.tandfonline<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Tamaju,ecommons.luc.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi? article=1105&#038;. context=Luc_diss<\/li>\n<li>Wilfred F Ngwa, History was made by the Germans in Bafut. In www. Bafut-uniongermany.org\/history.html In https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eugen-zintgraff<\/li>\n<li>The African Anthropology, Vol 12, No.2www.ajol.info\/index:php\/aa\/article\/viewfile\/46162\/32564<\/li>\n<li>(History Encyclopedias,almanacs transcripts and maps,Germany&#8217;s African Colonies)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-46eb3cef\" data-id=\"46eb3cef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19d2e71e img-thumbnail elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"19d2e71e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"234\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/eb257-234x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-8294\" alt=\"Some Historical Essentials: From The Slave Trade To Presence And Past Legacies And Memories In Eastern Nigeria And Cameroon From 1800 To 2014\" srcset=\"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/eb257-234x300.png 234w, https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/eb257.png 409w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 234px) 100vw, 234px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69745236 dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"69745236\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2acebe10 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2acebe10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-lg\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1Ek8UHd9bioadVDKe8TssrIXThEVrhG6s\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-download\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">PDF<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-528fbaf7 dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"528fbaf7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a856e3a custom-sub-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a856e3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Published<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40d229a9 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"40d229a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">March 8, 2022<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-741627a4 dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"741627a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fad5b9c custom-sub-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fad5b9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Categories<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-559da79d elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"559da79d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.a2hosted.com\/Press\/index.php\/SP\/catalog\/category\/social-sciences\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Economics and Politics<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/ebooks\/economics-and-politics\/\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">History and Biography<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c943b7 dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c943b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b6a26fe custom-sub-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3b6a26fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copyright<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dd2601f elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"3dd2601f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Copyright (c) 2021 \u202aSuh Hillary Sama<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3337a583 dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3337a583\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c0f1e73 custom-sub-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c0f1e73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">License<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67f43eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67f43eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-562a27b4 dropdown-divider elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"562a27b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<\/section>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The history of slave trade activities along the transatlantic seas and<br \/>\ncoastlines were marked with coercion and intrigue from all the participants that were<br \/>\ninvolved in the game aiming to attain their diverse goals passing through horrors and<br \/>\nundergoing beyond the limit of human dignity with laws that guided the trade on<br \/>\nhuman beings. In the contemporary era we find all samples around the global linking<br \/>\nto the ill treatment of Aftricans by the former Western European slave dealers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8294,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"disabled","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,46,53],"tags":[394,393],"class_list":["post-8293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ebooks","category-economics-and-politics","category-history-and-biography","tag-memories","tag-trade"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8293"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8293\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8396,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8293\/revisions\/8396"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarpublishing.org\/sse\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}