Transactions on Engineering and Computing Sciences
TECS is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to advancing research across engineering, computing, and intelligent technologies. The journal welcomes original studies and reviews in computer science, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data science, software systems, and applied computing, alongside broader engineering disciplines such as electrical, electronic, mechanical, civil, chemical, industrial, materials, environmental, and energy engineering. It aims to provide a platform for innovative, interdisciplinary scholarship that connects scientific theory, engineering design, computational methods, and practical real-world applications.
Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality in the Metaverse: A Scoping Review of Human-Centered Applications in Public Health
In recent times, the introduction of new technologies, such as the Internet of Things and blockchain systems, has transformed the way healthcare is delivered. Through illness checks, chronic disease management, healthcare training, and public health initiatives, artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) are revolutionizing public health in the Metaverse. With substantial data and modest types of artificial intelligence, epidemiological investigations can become a valuable weapon for identifying emerging diseases and optimizing measures to cope with critical situations. Machine learning models are beneficial for determining infection type and for informing disease prevention measures during the COVID-19 outbreak. Incorporating VR enables training environments that allow practitioners to simulate emergency response plans, evaluate intervention strategies, and optimize resource allocation. Applications that use AI for remote health monitoring collect real-time patient data and help tailor treatment plans for conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease to manage chronic illnesses. The smart garment is designed to suggest possible treatment to the patient and comes equipped with sensors that can detect early signs of disease. The use of an opioid is a simple approach to pain management. Still, it needs a VR-based cognitive behavioral therapy that can effectively address pain and its impact, hence enhancing the quality of the patient's life. Health campaigns using artificial intelligence involve the dissemination of health information that fosters behavior change.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rajan Thapaliya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Optimization of Machining Time in the Turning of Welded Mild Steel Shafts for Enhanced Manufacturing Productivity
Manufacturing productivity depends largely on the ability to minimize machining time while maintaining product quality. In welded shaft production, machining operations performed after welding represent a significant portion of overall manufacturing cost. This study investigates the effects of spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on machining time during turning of welded mild steel shafts. The shaft specimens were first joined through welding and then machined using a structured experimental design based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Statistical and optimization techniques were employed to determine the most influential machining variables and identify optimal parameter combinations for reducing machining time. Results indicate that spindle speed and feed rate exert the greatest influence on machining duration, while depth of cut contributes to overall productivity through increased material removal rates. The optimized machining conditions (cutting speed: 300 m/min, feed rate: 0.160 mm/rev, depth of cut: 0.288 mm) significantly reduced production time to 39.431 seconds without compromising the integrity of the welded component. The study provides practical guidance for efficient machining of welded shafts in manufacturing and repair operations
Copyright (c) 2026 Lawal, H. O., Achebo, J. I., Uwoghiren, F. O., Etin-Osa, C. E. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Analytical Study on Unsolved Question and Mysteries of the Universe and Wisdom from Holly Book
The present research paper discusses a number of the greatest mysteries of the Universe, ranging from the existence of alien life and dark matter/energy to relativity theory, quantum mechanics and the future of reality. In addition, the fate of humanity as a whole is also discussed, taking into account such aspects as the possibility of further inhabitation of the Earth, interstellar travel, transhumanism and even the influence of consciousness on the evolution of the universe. As opposed to providing some new experiment-based conclusions, the paper discusses different mysteries of the universe from the perspective of science and philosophy. Recent discoveries of astronomy, theories of theoretical physics, as well as speculations related to the possible future development of civilizations and consciousness form the basis for the discussion. In this qualitative analytical article, effort will be taken to discuss and analyses of the most pressing and unsolved question and problems in modern astronomy in contemporary time.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hossain, K. A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Artificial Intelligence for a Better World: Algorithmic Foundations, System Architectures, and Human–AI Collaboration Across Healthcare, Education, and Social Systems
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing modern society at an extremely fast pace, providing the world with opportunities to improve healthcare, education, and social systems as never before. Although it has potential, the adoption of AI presents some major ethical, technical, and social concerns, such as amplification of algorithm bias, absence of transparency, incomplete infrastructures, and poor human-AI interaction. This paper discusses these issues by presenting a framework that integrates the principles of algorithms, system design, and interactive human control to ensure that AI delivers optimal benefits to society. The study integrates interdisciplinary literature from computer science, health informatics, educational technology, and public policy through a conceptual and integrative research design. Results suggest that AI algorithms enhance predictive accuracy, decisionmaking, and operational efficiency, and that system architectures influence scalability, interoperability, and security. Human-AI collaboration can be effective in boosting trust, accountability, and usability, but issues such as automation bias and uneven adoption remain. The cross-sector analysis identifies the domain's specific needs and the common standards for responsible AI implementation. The research adds a Human-AI Integration Model and provides viable design principles of ethical, scalable, and human-centered AI. This has implications for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers, with an emphasis on promoting equitable access, transparency, and long-term sustainability. The framework provides a platform for future interdisciplinary research and facilitates the design of AI systems aligned with international social, ethical, and sustainability agendas.
Artificial Intelligence and the Human Brain: A Comparative Analysis of Capabilities and Trajectories
Enhancing Business-IT Alignment in Cloud-Based Organizations: A Conceptual Framework and Model-Driven Alignment Perspective
The increasing adoption of cloud computing and digital transformation initiatives has intensified the need for effective alignment between business objectives and information technology capabilities. While Business Process as a Service (BPaaS) has emerged as a promising paradigm for integrating business process management with cloud environments, existing Business-IT Alignment approaches remain limited in terms of adaptability, formalization, and decision support. Most current frameworks focus primarily on connecting business processes to cloud services without providing a comprehensive perspective that ensures traceability between business requirements and cloud resource configurations. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for enhancing Business-IT Alignment in cloud-based organizations. Building upon the CloudSocket architecture, the proposed framework integrates Business Process Management principles, semantic alignment mechanisms, process mining concepts, event-log exploitation, and a dedicated Decision Support Layer. In addition, a model-driven alignment perspective is introduced to ensure consistency and traceability between business objectives, process models, and cloud service configurations. Unlike existing approaches, our proposed framework adopts a holistic view of the alignment lifecycle, covering business process design, resource allocation, execution, monitoring, and continuous improvement. The framework aims to facilitate informed decision-making, improve organizational agility, and support the dynamic adaptation of cloud resources to evolving business requirements. In this paper, we position our proposed framework against existing alignment approaches and examine it through a model-driven perspective that strengthens traceability between business objectives, process models, and cloud service configurations. This study contributes to the advancement of Business-IT Alignment research by providing an extensible conceptual framework that supports consistency, adaptability, and informed decision-making throughout the digital transformation lifecycle of cloud-based organizations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Manal Bouacha, Hanae Sbai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Frequency-Domain Characterization of Fractional Variable-Order Systems with Scarpi Derivatives
This work presents a frequency-domain analysis framework for fractional variable-order (FVO) linear systems using the Scarpi derivative approach. Unlike classical fractional-order models with fixed differentiation orders, variable-order systems give greater flexibility to more accurately model a more dynamic system whose memory effects change over time or depending on certain operating conditions. The Scarpi derivative is a consistent mathematical way to preserve the necessary properties for analyzing variable-order dynamics and deriving frequency-domain transfer function representations. A generalized frequency response is created, which represents a linear system modeled using Scarpi (variable-order) operators, then examined the impacts on the magnitude and phase characteristics of the system caused by order variability. Here, methodology generalizes traditional Bode analyses into a variable-order fractional model. Additionally, the methodology illustrates how order variability affects the resonant behavior, bandwidth, stability margins, and robustness of the system. Numerical analysis also illustrated with an example to a complex system with time-varying memory effects. The results of this research indicate that using the Scarpi derivative formulation is an effective means of modeling and characterizing frequency-domain complex systems with nonstationary memory effects. This work has numerous potential applications in control engineering, viscoelastic materials, electrochemical processes, and living systems. The results contribute to the advancement of variable-order fractional calculus by establishing a practical and systematic framework for the frequency analysis of FVO linear systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Trupti V. Mahajan, Mukesh D. Patil, Vishwesh A. Vyawahare https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Laplace’s Demon: The Deterministic versus the Probabilistic Nature of the Universe
Essai philosophique sur les probabilités (A Philosophical Essay on Probability) was a nontechnical exposition of the laws of chance written by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1814 as an elaboration of a lecture delivered at the École Normale in 1795. In contrast to his monumental 1812 treatise, Théorie analytique des probabilités (The Analytical Theory of Probability), Laplace sought to introduce the concept of probability independently of the methods of calculus and to demonstrate that probabilistic reasoning permeates all aspects of human existence, including expectation, uncertainty, hope, and fear. He concluded the introduction of the essay with the observation: I hope that the reflections given in this essay may merit the attention of philosophers and direct it to a subject so worthy of their engaging minds. This philosophical program, however, gave rise to a profound conceptual tension. Specifically, Laplace was compelled to reconcile the apparent randomness inherent in probabilistic phenomena with his uncompromising commitment to universal determinism. This tension culminated in the celebrated thought experiment commonly referred to as Laplace’s Demon: the hypothetical intelligence capable of knowing, at a given instant, all forces acting in nature together with the precise positions and motions of every particle in the universe. Under such conditions, Laplace argued, the future and the past would be entirely determined and therefore fully predictable. The coexistence of probabilistic analysis and strict determinism remains one of the most significant philosophical issues in the foundations of probability theory and the philosophy of science.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilhan M. Izmirli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Periodic Solutions for a Modified Delayed Heterogeneous Population-based Model
This paper investigates the existence of periodic solutions for a modified delayed heterogeneous population-based disease model with multiple time delays. We extend the oscillatory result in the literature from a one-delay model to a five-delay model. By means of the mathematical analysis method, we discuss the instability of the unique positive equilibrium point and the boundedness of the solutions. Two sufficient conditions to guarantee the periodic oscillation of the solutions are provided, and computer simulations are given to support the present criteria.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chunhua Feng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
This paper presents the concept of Value Sensitive Design (VSD) as a framework for embedding and preserving the values that society seeks to uphold in innovative technologies. Value Sensitive Design can be formally represented through a Values Hierarchy Matrix, which may be applied using either a top-down or a bottom-up approach. The visual representation of values enables stakeholders to discuss, evaluate, and reconcile these values in a constructive manner. Furthermore, it facilitates the critical deconstruction and examination of operational design criteria by raising fundamental questions: Does a given design genuinely reflect the values that we consider important, or, conversely, do the established design criteria enable the realization of the desired values?
Copyright (c) 2026 Oleg Namicheishvili, Guram Javakhadze, Vera Prangishvili https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0