TEACHING AS AN ACT OF PERSUASION (TAP) and ATTITUDINAL RESPONSES OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS: SAUDI SCHOOLS AS A CASE STUDY

Authors

  • JALEL ben haj rehaiem University of Majmaah, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.37.2055

Keywords:

teaching-as-persuasion, Saudi School, Majmaah context.

Abstract

This research seeks to analyze the teaching-as-persuasion metaphor in a sample of Saudi schools. It investigates how teaching as persuasion relates to English language teaching and the effectiveness and viability of this metaphor as a teaching practice specifically in the Saudi educational context. Teaching as persuasion is a new pedagogical approach that is conducive to the requirements and challenges of the contemporary world and it traces its roots specifically from the changes that distinguish the current educational enterprise (Murphy, 2001, p.227). Generally, persuasion is a pragmatic concept through which individuals seek to stimulate a change in others by influencing their understanding and conceptions relative to several topics (Murphy, 2001, p.224). Persuasion, thus defined, is based on credible arguments and plausible evidence. Persuasion has also proven to have a role in meeting educational purposes. This role is advocated by many researchers including Murphy (2001) and it is shown in the instructor’s focus on convincing learners of the worth of learning by stimulating them to change their understanding and beliefs of diverse concepts and assumptions (Murphy, 2001, p.224). 

Author Biography

JALEL ben haj rehaiem, University of Majmaah, Saudi Arabia

Dr, Jalel haj Rhaiem, Assistant Professor, English Department, College of Education, University of Majmaah, KSA.

References

References:

Aagaard, M., & Mintz, J. (2008). The application of persuasive technology to educational setting: Some theoretical from the Hands project. London south bank University. Retrieved at: 12/01/2011 from :

vbn.aau.dk/files/34707485/PersuasiveTechnologyin educational settings .pdf

Alexander, P. A., Buehl, M. M., Fives, H., & Mulhern, J. (2001). Teaching as persuasion. University of Maryland. Received: 17/11/2000, received in revised form: 03/07/2001, accepted 17/09/2001. Retrieved from: www.elsevier.com/locate/tate

Alexander, P.A & Fives, H, (2001). Persuasion as a metaphor for teaching: A case in point. Theory into practice. 40(4). Retrieved at: 21/02/2012 from: www.jstor.org/pss/1477486

Alexander, P.A., & Fives, H. (2001). Persuasion as a metaphor for teaching: A case in point. Theory into practice.40. Education resource information center. (4). p.242-248. Available at: 24/02/2012 from:

http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ640103&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ640103

Alexander, P.A., Fives, H., & Buehl, M.M, (2001). Teaching as persuasion: Approaching classroom discourse as refutational text. National reading conference yearbook, 50, pp.200-212. Retrieved at: 21/02/2012 from: ftp://yearbook.literacyresearchassociation.org:50th_Yearbook/fives.pdf

Alvermann, D.E, (2001). Teaching as persuasion: the worthiness of the metaphor. Jstor: Theory into practice. 40(4). 278-283. Available : 24/02/2012 at: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1477491?uid=3739176&uid=2&uid=4&sid=55909255623

Assorted definitions of persuasion over the last three decades. Retrieved at: 04/01/2012 from:

http://commfaculty.Fullerton.edu/rgass/332.spring2003/persdefinitions.html

Audio English.net. Retrieved at: 23/04/2012 from:

http://www.audioenglish.net/dictionary/repetition.html

Bean, John. C., & Ramage, John. D, (1998). A general summary of Aristotle's appeals. Writing arguments. Needham Heights. 4th edition. Retrieved at:

/04/2012 from: http://courses.durhamtech.edu/perkins/aris.html

Blankenship, K.L & Craig, T.Y, (2006, June). Rhetorical question use and resistance to persuasion: An attitude strength analysis. Journal of language and social psychology. Vol.25 (2). p.111-128. Doi:

1177/0261927X06286380

Boeree, G. (1999). Persuasion. Retrieved at: 16/01/2012 from:

http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/persuasion.html

Brown, D.F., & Rose, T.D. (1995). Self reported classroom impact of teachers’ theories about learning and obstacles to implementation. Action in teacher education. v17, n1, p 20-29. Eric education resource center. Available online: 10/01/2012 at:

http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ507553&ERIC

Brozak, J, (n. d.). Classroom activities related to persuasion. E How family. Available: 02/04/2012 at: http://www.ehow.com/info_7964669_classroom-activities-related-persuasion.html

Cacioppo, J.T., & Petty, R. E, (1984). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Association for consumer research. (11). Retrieved at:

/02/2012 from http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/display.asp?id=6329

Chair & Fives, H. (n. d). Teaching as persuasion: Is the metaphor viable. Texas Tech University. Retrieved at:

http://search.mywebsearch.com/mywebsearch/GGmain.jh

Changing minds.com. Using repetition. Retrieved: 25/04/2012 from: http://changingminds.org/techniques/general/repetition/repetition.htm

Cherry, K. (n. d.). What's correlation? About.com psychology. Retrieved at:

/05/2012 from:

http://psychology.about.com/od/cindex/g/def_correlation.htm

Chinn, C.A., & Samarapungavan. (2001). Distinguishing between understanding and belief. p. 236-241. Retrieved at:12/02/2012 from:

http://www.google.tn/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=understanding%20and%20belief&source=web&cd=6&ved=0CHEQFjAF&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.u

Communicative language teaching and the post method era. (2011, April, 22). Teaching English for all. Retrieved at: 21/04/ 2012 from:

http://teachingenglish4all.wordpress.com/2011/04/22/communicative-language-teaching-clt-and-the-post-method-era/

Coverlay, A. (n. d.). The uses of SPSS software. E how. com. Retrieved at: 08/05/2012 from: http://www.ehow.com/list_6536198_uses-spss-software.html

Crabtree, C.D. (2006, July). Semi structured interviews. Qualitative research guidelines project. Retrieved at: 13/05/2012 from:

http://www.qualres.org/HomeSemi-3629.html

Demerath, P., & Wood, B. S. (2001). A cross-domain explanation of the metaphor teaching as persuasion. Theory into practice. 40(4). Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1477484

DiPrince, D. (2005). Twisting arms, teaching students how to write to persuade. Cottonwood press. Colorado. 1-93. Available: 06/12/2011 at: http://books.google.tn/books/about/Twisting_Arms.html?id=dJCuPQAACAAJ&redir_esc=y

Donato, R. (2003). Action research. Office of educational research and improvement. Retrieved at: 18/01/2012 from:

www.cal.org/resources/digest/0308donato.html

Ervin, E. (n. d). Debate topic ideas for the classroom. E how contributors. Retrieved at: 19/04/201 from : http://www.ehow.com/list_7762648_debate-topic-ideas-classroom.html

Ethical persuasion. (2011, September, 4). Communication is the key. Retrieved at: 04/01/2012 from: http://ellenscommunicationsblog.blogspot.com/2011/09/ethical-persuasion.html

Ethos, pathos, logos explanation and examples. (n. d.). Retrieved at: 15/04/2012 from: http://pathosethoslogos.com/

Felder, R.M., & Soloman, B.A. (n. d). Index of learning styles questionnaire. North Carolina state university. Retrieved at: 01/02/2012 from: http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/learningstyles/ilsweb.html

Ferrance, E. (2000). Action research. Providence, RI: LAB, Northeast and Island Regional Education Laboratory at Brown University.

Freire, P. (1970). The banking method of education. The student and the teacher:a story of unrequited love. Retrieved at:25/12/2011 from: www.trentu.ca/academic/nativestudies/courses/nast305/banking.htm

Gabel, D, (1995, April, 24). An introduction to action research. National research in science teaching (NARST). San Francisco. Retrieved at: 07/05/2012 from: http://physicsed.buffalostate.edu/danowner/actionrsch.html

Galloway, C, (n. d). Vygotsky’s constructivism. The University of Georgia. Retrieved at 20/02/2012 from:

http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?title=Vygotsky’s_constructivism

Gray, A, (n. d.). Constructivist teaching and learning. The road to knowledge is always under construction: A life history journey to constructivist teaching. SSTA research centre report. Retrieved at: 29/02/2012 from: http://saskschoolboards.ca/research/instruction/97-07.htm#The%20Teacher%20in%20a%20Constructivist%20Classroom%20is%20a%20Researcher

Hamm, P.H, (2006). Teaching and persuasive communication: Class representation skills. A publication of the Harriet W. Sheridan Center for teaching and learning. Brown university. p. 1-46. Retrieved at: 19/12/2011 from: http://brown.edu/Administration/Sheridan_Center/docs/persuasive.pdf

Harmer, (2001). The practice of English language teaching. Harlow: longman.

Harris, R.A, (2010, January, 5). A handbook of rhetorical devices. Virtual salt. Retrieved: 27/04/2012 from:

http://www.virtualsalt.com/rhetoric2.htm#Parallelism

Heskey, E. (n .d.). Classroom activities using a persuasive essay for a debate. Retrieved at: 24/04/2012 from:

http://www.ehow.com/info_7889300_classroom-using-persuasive-essay-debate.html

Introduction to research, (n. d.). retrieved at: 02/04/2012 from:

http://libweb.surrey.ac.uk/library/skills/Introduction%20to%20Research%20and%20Managing%20Information%20Leicester/page_51.htm

Jay, E., Perkins, D. N., & Tishman, S. (1992). Teaching thinking dispositions: From transmission to enculturalism. Harvard University. Retrieved at: 24/12/2011 from:

http://learnweb.harvard.edu/alps/thinking/docs/article2.html

Jones, L. (2007). The student-centered classroom. Cambridge university press. pp1-48.available: 01/04/2012 at:

http://www.cambridge.org/other_files/downloads/esl/booklets/jones-student_centered.pdf

Kardash, C.M & Sinatra, M.G. (2004). Teacher candidates’ epistemological beliefs, dispositions, and views on teaching as persuasion. Contemporary educational psychology, pp 483-498. Retrieved at: 20/04/2004 from www.elsevier.com/locate/cedpsyche

Kearney, P. (2008). Teacher influence and persuasion. The International encyclopedia of communication. DOI: 10.1111/b.9781405131995.2008.x. Retrieved: 21/03/2012 from:

http://www.communicatioencyclopedia.com/public/tocnode?id=g9781405131995_yr2011_chunk_g9781405131199525_ss14-1

Larkin, M. (2002, December). Using scaffolded instruction to optimize learning. Council for exceptional children. Retrieved at: 20/02/2012 from: www.cec.sped.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Scaffolding&Template=/TaggedPage/TaggedPageDisplay.cfm&TPLID=24&ContentID=4703

Leuser, D.M. (2003). Classroom debate. PhD, Plymouth state university. p.44-51. Retrieved at: 12/04/2012 from: http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/636

McDonald, J. (1999). Teaching online: Challenges to a reinterpretation of traditional instructural models. Southern gross university. Retrieved at: 25/12/2011 from: http://learnweb.harvard.edu/alps/thinking/docs/article2.htm

Moore, C, (2009, October 16). Lecture outline for “teaching and persuasion in Plato”. UT-Austin classic colloq. Retrieved at: 23/02/2012 from: http://www.personal.psu.edu/teaching-and-persuasion.htm

Murphy, P.K. (2001). Teaching as persuasion: A new metaphor for a new decade. Theory into practice. 40(4), 224-227. Retrieved at: 05/12/2011 from: http://jstor.org/stable/1477483.

Myrick, P & Pearson, S, (n d). Debates in the middle school classroom. Arts of persuasion. Learn Nc editions. Retrieved at: 13/04/2012 from:

http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/artspersuade/636

Parasuraman. (1991). Designing a survey. Marketing research. 2nd edition. Retrieved at: 10/04/2012 from: http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/Soc_survey.shtml

Parker, J.T. (2010, November, 8). Repetition and persuasion. Ezine@rticles. Retrieved at: 25/04/2012 from: http://ezinearticles.com/?Repetition-and-Persuasion&id=5348077

Plan classroom discussions at least as carefully as lectures, (n d). Learn center. University of Wisconsin. Whitewater: School of graduate studies and continuing education. Retrieved at: 17/04/2012 from:

http://www.uww.edu/learn/diversity/classroomdiscussions.php

Rhetoric, rhetorical devices & rhetorical questions. (n. d.). Retrieved: 26/04/2012 from: http://www.englishbiz.co.uk/popups/rhetquestion.htm

Rockler-Gladen, N. (2008, May.7). Teaching persuasive speaking. Topics & techniques for middle, high school & college students. Teacher tips/training. Retrieved: 01/05/2012 from:

http://naomi-rockler-gladen.suite101.com/teaching-persuasive-speaking-a53087

Rudnick, J. (n. d.). Persuasive speaking. A learning module by Jannie Rudnick, El paso community College. 1-7. Available: 20/04/2012 at:

http://www.texascollaborative.org/pdfs/persuasivespeaking.pdf

Saxena, V. (2008, October, 8). Using evidence to win a persuasive argument. Yahoo! voices. Retrieved at: 01/05/2012 from:

http://voices.yahoo.com/using-evidence-win-persuasive-argument-2007625.html

Soloman, B. (n. d). Index of learning styles questionnaire. North Carolina state University. Retrieved at: 12/04/2012 from:

http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/learningstyles/ilsweb.html

Stanovich, K.E. (1999). Who is rational? Studies of individual differences in reasoning. Nawah, N.J: LEA, 157).

Sunnaborg, M. (2008, October, 27). From teacher to facilitator. Learning solutions magazine. Retrieved: 18/03/2012 from:

http://www.learningsolutionsmag.com/articles/74/fromteacher-to-facilitator

Teed, R. (n. d.). Role-playing exercises. Teaching point. Teaching entry level geosciences. Carleton College. Retrieved: 22/01/2012 from:

http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/roleplaying/index.html

Tsur, A. (n. d.). Questionnaire on teaching methods. Pupil attitude questionnaire. Retrieved at: 02/02/2012 from:

https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:pXN5b50AZ9kJ:w3.kfar-olami.org.il/reed/info/docs/2%2520Questionnaire%2520on%2520Teaching%2520Methods.doc+questionnaire+on+teachin&hl=fr&gl=tn&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESglugoXPzsOE5gwST1TBe84IMLt8r16AJgV7s17Evj9fQa2T3du689COh0Q4BHn2kVnreLR6xcQC6NUJJZ2yEHwjLzegFsMntWA2FPzNLkLaxPAq4B4KkjcOOrdCldwOORNrC2m&sig=AHIEtbTPyiQyA_JfeRRbx4pmHLQaFLdXNQ

Tylee, J.B.A, (1992). Teacher as facilitator: One of the face-to-face teacher’s roles. Published doctoral thesis. University of Newcastle. Retrieved at: 18/03/2012 from: http://www.education4skills.com/jtylee/teacher_as_facilitator.html#Back1.

Using class discussion to meet your teaching goals: Speaking of teaching. (2005). The center for teaching and learning. Standford University. 15(1). 1-6.

UTA debate society: Having intellectual fun since 2010. (2012). Some graphics courtesy of vectorportal.com. retrieved at: 19/04/2012 from:

http://utadebatesociety.org/formal-debating/

Valentine, D. (2002). Distance learning: Promises, problems and possibilities. Online journal of distance learning administration. 5 (3). State university of west Georgia. Distance education center. retrieved at: 23/05/2012 from: http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/fall53/valentine53.html

Van Der Steyf, R, (2002, November, 17). Scaffolding as a teaching strategy. Adolescent learning and development. Retrieved at: 28/12/2011 from: http://condor admin.ccny.cuny.edu/

Welch, P., & Wright, S, (2001). Learning and Teaching. The International Journal of Higher Education in the Social Sciences. (4). Retrieved at: 15/01/2012 from: http://journals.berghahnbooks.com/ttss/index.php?pg=sample/82

Downloads

Published

2016-07-19

How to Cite

rehaiem, J. ben haj. (2016). TEACHING AS AN ACT OF PERSUASION (TAP) and ATTITUDINAL RESPONSES OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS: SAUDI SCHOOLS AS A CASE STUDY. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 3(7). https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.37.2055

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 7 (2016): Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal

Section

Articles

License

Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.